The document discusses trends in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. It describes TIG welding as a process where an arc is created between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece being welded. The weld area is protected by an inert shielding gas. The document outlines factors that influence weld quality such as current, electrode size, filler wire composition, and gas flow rate. It also discusses advantages like precision and disadvantages like lower deposition rates compared to other welding processes. Finally, it presents conclusions that TIG welding produces high-quality welds when performed skillfully and outlines some reference materials.

1. CAREER POINT UNIVERSITY
SUBMITTED TO :
MR. ADITYA SIR
(MECHANICAL)
SUBMITTED BY:
NAME :- Jagjeet Singh
U.I.D. :- K10635
BRANCH :- CIVIL
MAJOR ASSINGMENT
-:NEW TREND OF TIG WELDING:-

2. ABSTRACT
• There are number of welding methods available for welding
materials such as shielded metal arc welding, Gas metal arc welding,
Flux cored arc welding, submerged arc welding, electro slag
welding, electron beam welding, and Gas Tungsten arc welding
methods. The choice of the welding depends on several factors;
primarily among them are the compositional range of the material to
be welded, the thickness of the base materials and type of current.
Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is the most popular gas shielding
arc welding process used in many industrial fields. Other arc
welding processes have limited quality when they are compared to
TIG welding processes. However, TIG welding also needs
improvements regarding spatter reduction and weld quality of the
bead. Shielding gas in TIG welding is desirable for protection of
atmospheric contamination. TIG welding process has the possibility
of becoming a new welding process giving high quality and
provides relatively pollution free.

3. ABSTRACT
• In this case study, we discuss the influence of the power
source, type of current, gas flow rate, electrodes, filer
wire, TIG Machines settings, and shielding gases which
are most important in determine arc stability, arc
penetration and defect free welds. To do this a thorough
literature survey is carried out on various aspects of the
proposed topic, in various peer-reviewed journals,
patents, books and other research resources. We have
identified the suitable range of current, the thickness of
the base metal, the diameter of electrode, the
composition of electrode and filler wire, the gas flow
rate required for high quality TIG welding process.

4. INTRODUCTION
• Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) also known as
Tungsten Inert Gas welding (TIG) is an electric arc
welding process that produces an arc between a non-
consumable electrode (tungsten which does not melt
due to its high melting point) and the work piece to
be welded. The weld is shielded from the atmosphere
by a shielding gas that forms an envelope around the
weld area. However, a filler metal is usually used in
the process.

5. DEFINITION
• Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), also known
as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is an arc
welding process that uses a non-
consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld.
The weld area is protected from atmospheric
contamination by an inertshielding
gas (argon or helium), and a filler metal is normally
used.
• A constant-current welding power supply produces
energy which is conducted across the arc through a
column of highly ionized gas and metal vapors known
as a plasma .

6. ADVANTAGE’S
• GTAW produces precise and clean, nearly spatter free welds on almost
all metals with superior quality in comparison to the other arc welding
processes. It has found use in the aerospace, food processing, and
nuclear industries. It is particularly useful on smaller sectioned parts
and on reactive metals such as titanium.
• It can be used with filler metal or without filler metal (autogenous).
This process allows the heat source and filler metal additions to be
controlled independently.
• It is easily automated and can produce welds in all positions, even with
intricate geometries
• Superior quality welds, generally free from spatter, porosity, or other
defects
• Precise control of arc and fusion characteristics
• Weld almost all metals
• Used with or without filler wire
• Easily automated
• Used in all positions
• Intricate geometries weldable .

7. DISADVANTAGE’S
• Deposition rates are lower with GTAW than any other arc welding
process. In general, the process is limited to thicknesses of 3/8-inch
or less since productivity makes the process cost prohibitive.
Tungsten inclusions or contamination of the weld pool may occur if
the electrode touches the weld pool or proper gas
• Higher operator skill Required
• Sensitive to draft .
• shielding is not maintained
• Manual GTAW requires more dexterity and welder coordination
than with manual GMAW or SMAW. As with the other gas shielded
processes, drafts can blow away the shielding gas, which limits the
outdoor use of the process.
• Less economical than consumable electrode processes for sections
thicker than 3/8 inch
• Lowest deposition rate of all arc processes
• Tungsten inclusions

8. NEW TRENDS / FUTURE SCOPE
Under water welding ( future scope )
• Many of us won’t have heard of under water welding but is’s actually a
very important thing in many industries . Underwater welding includes a lot
of different process that join steel on offshore oil platforms , pipelines and
ships etc . underwater . at present , underwater welding becomes more
sophisticated and can be done deeper . GTAW has been used to weld pipes
at depths of 200 ft.
New trend and use’s
• TIG is most commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless steel and
non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, andcopper alloys. The
process grants the operator greater control over the weld than competing
processes such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding,
allowing for stronger, higher quality welds

9. SPECIAL FEATURE /
EQUIPMENT DETAIL
• Below are some of the tools used in GTAW process;
• Gas supply (cylinder)
• Electrical power source (AC/DC)
• Electrode holder, torch or gun
• Connection cables
• Hose (for gas supply)
• Tungsten electrode
• Coolant
• Filler rods
• NOTE: the above mentioned are not limited to the, however other
special could be used for specific purposes..

10. PRINCIPLE OF TIG WELDING
• During TIG welding, an arc is maintained
between a tungsten electrode and the work piece
in an inert atmosphere (Ar, He, or Ar-He mixture).
Depending on the weld preparation and the work-
piece thickness, it is possible to work with or
without filler. The filler can be introduced
manually or automatically with regarding to types
of process. The process itself can be manual,
partly mechanized, fully mechanized or
automatic. The welding power source delivers
direct or alternating current .

11. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Two plates of aluminium 6063-T6 of the dimensions 150×75 were taken for each welding. The
composition of aluminium 6063-T6 is given in table:
• The plates were friction stir welded with the help of a rotating tool called FSW tool by holding the
two plates together in a fixture as to withstand the high vertical downward force exerted by the tool.
Material for FSW tool was tool steel hardened to HRC 60 and thread was left hand screw threads.
Rotational speed of tool and welding speed was taken as 1500rpm (anti-clockwise) and 50mm/min
respectively. CNC milling machine was used to perform the welding operation. Tool dimensions
were taken as:
• Shoulder diameter = 14 mm
• Pin diameter = 6 mm
• Height of Pin = 5.8 mm
• For TIG welding double pass was used with the combined bevel angle of 60o for both the upper and
lower surface.
Element Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Zn Ti Cr Al
% Present 0.2 0.35 0.1 0.1 0.45 0.1 0.1 0.1 BAL

12. TIG WELDING EQUIMPMENT
• Four major components make up a GTA
welding station. They are the welding power
supply, often called the welding machine; the
welding torch, often called a TIG torch; the
work clamp, sometimes called the ground
clamp; and the shielding gas cylinder, Figure
1.There are a variety of hoses and cables that
connect all three of these components together
.

13. TYPES OF WELDING CURRENT
USED FOR TIG
• DCSP - Direct Current Straight Polarity - (the tungsten electrode is
connected to the negative terminal). This type of connection is the
most widely used in the DC type welding current connections. With
the tungsten being connected to the negative terminal it will only
receive 30% of the welding energy (heat). This means the tungsten
will run a lot cooler than DCRP. The resulting weld will have good
penetration and a narrow profile. 2.3.2 DCRP - Direct Current
Reverse Polarity - (The tungsten electrode is connected to the
positive terminal). This type of connection is used very rarely
because most heat is on the tungsten, thus the tungsten can easily
overheat and burn away. DCRP produces a shallow, wide profile and
is mainly used on very light material at low amps. 2.3.3 AC –
Alternating Current – is the preferred welding current for most white
metals, eg aluminum and magnesium. The heat input to the tungsten
is averaged out as the AC wave passes from one side of the wave to
the other.

14. TIG WELDING
• Heat distributions between the tungsten electrode and
the work with each type of welding current

15. CONCLUSIONS
• Gas tungsten arc welding, because it affords greater
control over the weld area than other welding
processes, can produce high-quality welds when
performed by skilled operators. Maximum weld quality
is assured by maintaining cleanliness—all equipment
and materials used must be free from oil, moisture, dirt
and other impurities, as these cause weld porosity and
consequently a decrease in weld strength and quality.
• To remove oil and grease, alcohol or similar
commercial solvents may be used, while a stainless
steel wire brush or chemical process can remove oxides
from the surfaces of metals like aluminum

16. REFRENCE
• The Parameters and Equipments Used in TIG Welding: A Review 1N.Jeyaprakash,
2Adisu Haile, 3M.Arunprasath 1Department of Production Engineering, Defence University,
Ethiopia. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samara University, Afar, Ethiopia 3PG
Scholar, PGP College of Engineering and Technology, Namakkal. India
•
• Research on Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of
• Stainless Steel – An Overview
• D.Devaku
•
• Comparative Study Of Friction Stir And Tig Welding For
• Aluminium 6063-T6
• Parminder Singh*
• Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rayat Institute of Engineering and
• Information Technology, Railmajra, Punjab, India
• S. K. Gandhi

17. REFRENCE
• Detailed Study on Dissimilar Welding of Low Carbon Steel with AA1050
using
• TIG Welding
• J.Pasupathy
• Research Scholar, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai
University, Annamalai Nagar,
• Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
• V.Ravisankar
• Professor, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, , Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar,
• Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India