Dr. Chan developed a medication that she hypothesizes will reduce the obsessive thinking in individuals with paraphilias. A colleague suggests they also examine the effect of the medication on sexual arousal. She needs to demonstrate the efficacy of this medication. She obtains permission to recruit subjects from databanks of known sex offenders. Thirty-five people agree who met diagnostic criteria for a paraphila agreed to participate and she gives them a six-month supply of the medication and instructs them to take one pill each morning. After six-months, the subjects return to the clinic. Only thirty return and she cannot locate the other two. She finds twenty other subjects through counselor referrals. They serve as the control group and do not receive the medication. Dr. Chan tests both groups of participants on physiological measures of sexual arousal in the presences of paraphilic stimuli. She also has participants record their thoughts into a digital recorder and journal throughout the day when having thoughts of a sexual nature involving paraphilic stimuli. She finds that the subjects who took the medication showed less sexual arousal in response to the stimuli than the control group. The researcher and her colleagues conclude that the medication is effective for the obsessive thinking and arousal in individuals with paraphilias.   Dr. Chan and her colleagues, encouraged by the original findings, decided to conduct the experiment using a double-blind procedure. Which of the following would be consistent with using a double-blind procedure? (Points : 1)        Avoid telling the participants that the medication is supposed to stop obsessive thinking.        Add a control group of individuals who do not have paraphilias and give them the medication.        Add a group of individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for paraphilias who are given a placebo and ensure that neither the participants nor those administering the post-tests and evaluating the audio and written journals know who is in the mdication group and who is in the control group.        Use the same design as in the original study but tell the subjects that the medicatio nis supposed to help a symptom other than obsessive thinking, such as mood. ===============\ A researcher decided to examine the development of second language learning using shallow-processing and deep-processing tasks. He tested 6-year-olds and 15-year-olds from the local schools. Half of the students in each age group were in the shallow-processing condition; the other half were in the deep-processing condition. The following table shows the percentage of second language words correctly used by the participatns in each of the four conditions.     An analysis reveals a statistically significant (reliable) interaction between the participants’ age and the processing condition. Which of the following statements would be the best interpretation of that interaction? (Points : 1)        Depth of processing h ...

1. Dr. Chan developed a medication that she hypothesizes will
reduce the obsessive thinking in individuals with paraphilias. A
colleague suggests they also examine the effect of the
medication on sexual arousal. She needs to demonstrate the
efficacy of this medication. She obtains permission to recruit
subjects from databanks of known sex offenders. Thirty-five
people agree who met diagnostic criteria for a paraphila agreed
to participate and she gives them a six-month supply of the
medication and instructs them to take one pill each morning.
After six-months, the subjects return to the clinic. Only thirty
return and she cannot locate the other two. She finds twenty
other subjects through counselor referrals. They serve as the
control group and do not receive the medication. Dr. Chan tests
both groups of participants on physiological measures of sexual
arousal in the presences of paraphilic stimuli. She also has
participants record their thoughts into a digital recorder and
journal throughout the day when having thoughts of a sexual
nature involving paraphilic stimuli. She finds that the subjects
who took the medication showed less sexual arousal in response
to the stimuli than the control group. The researcher and her
colleagues conclude that the medication is effective for the
obsessive thinking and arousal in individuals with paraphilias.
Dr. Chan and her colleagues, encouraged by the original
findings, decided to conduct the experiment using a double-
blind procedure. Which of the following would be consistent
with using a double-blind procedure? (Points : 1)
Avoid telling the participants that the medication is
supposed to stop obsessive thinking.
Add a control group of individuals who do not have
paraphilias and give them the medication.
Add a group of individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for
paraphilias who are given a placebo and ensure that neither the

2. participants nor those administering the post-tests and
evaluating the audio and written journals know who is in the
mdication group and who is in the control group.
Use the same design as in the original study but tell the
subjects that the medicatio nis supposed to help a symptom
other than obsessive thinking, such as mood.
===============
A researcher decided to examine the development of second
language learning using shallow-processing and deep-
processing tasks. He tested 6-year-olds and 15-year-olds from
the local schools. Half of the students in each age group were in
the shallow-processing condition; the other half were in the
deep-processing condition. The following table shows the
percentage of second language words correctly used by the
participatns in each of the four conditions.
An analysis reveals a statistically significant (reliable)
interaction between the participants’ age and the processing
condition. Which of the following statements would be the best
interpretation of that interaction? (Points : 1)
Depth of processing has little or no benefit for the 6-year-
olds, but substantial benefits for the 15-year-olds.
A deep level of processing is equally effective for both age
groups.
As children grow older, they are better able to understand
how to learning new vocabulary in a second language can be
improved with a deep level of processing.
Deep processign is more effective for individuals in the
concrete operations stage than for individuals in the formal
operations stage.

3. ================
The results of carefully controlled observations of Clever Hans
and his ability to solve math problems showed that
___________. (Points : 1)
he could not do math
he could add, but he could not multiply
he was excellent in math
he was cued by the owner looking up or down
Dr. Kamau is conducting a meta-analysis of research on cultural
differences in musical preferences. In addition to analyzing all
journal articles from the last 10 years, she also analyzes all
theses, dissertations, and conference presentations she can
locate and obtain data from. Dr. Kamau is attempting to
minimize which type of bias? (Points : 1)
Cultural bias
Experimenter bias
Gender bias
Publication bias
Dr. Matthews is interested in investigating gender bias among
mothers. One hundred mothers were asked to rate an article in
terms of its persuasiveness. The article was on the topic of
education. The subjects were assigned to one of two groups.
One group of 50 mothers read the article and were told that it
was authored by a woman named Stephanie James. The other
group of 50 mothers read the same article but were told it was
authored by a man named James Stevens. After reading the
article, each subject rated the article on a 7-point scale as
follows.
not at all persuasive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 very persuasive
The average rating scores were compared for the two groups;
that is, the group with a female author versus the group with a
male author. Results indicated that the average rating was much
higher when the article was attributed to a male author than to a

4. female author.
Indicate whether the independent and dependent variables are
quantitative or qualitative. (Points : 1)
Independent variable: quantitative; dependent variable:
qualitative
Independent variable: quantitative; dependent variable:
quantitative
Independent variable: qualitative; dependent variable:
quantitative
Independent variable: qualitative; dependent variable:
qualitative
=
An experiment is performed to see if listening to different types
of music while studying differentially impacts information
recall. Four groups study the same material. Group 1 listens to
European classical music. Group 2 listens to rock. Group 3
listens to jazz. Group 4 listens to pop. Group 5 listens to
country. Group 6 studies without listening to music. The
independent variable is ___________. (Points : 1)
studying
group size
type of music
information recall
Question 7 of 15Research on extrasensory perception (ESP) has
been controversial to say the least. Dr. Psychic posits that ESP
is a type of intellectual skill that must be nurtured and
developed like mathematical or linguistic abilities. Furthermore,
he believes that hypnosis may be helpful in fostering ESP
development. One standard ESP task involves the use of special
cards that have only five denominations.

5. The experiment that Dr. Psychic used was to take a deck of 200
cards and have a “sender” shuffle them. The sender looks at the
first card, thinks of the image on the card, and then the subject
guessed what the card is. This process is repeated throughout
the entire deck. ESP is measured by the number of correct
guesses on the part of the subject (the receiver).
Dr. Psychic used this task with 100 military volunteers. Two
conditions were used. In the first condition, 50 randomly
assigned volunteers (25 males and 25 females) were hypnotized
and given the task above. In the second condition, and
additional 50 randomly assigned volunteers (25 males and 25
females) completed the task without being hypnotized. The
average number of correct predictions was computed for the two
groups. These averages turned out not to be statistically
significantly different from each other and it was concluded that
hypnosis does not affect ESP.
What variables are explicitly held constant by the experimenter?
(Points : 1)
Images on the cards, use of hypnosis on both groups, time
of day subjects were tested
Gender distribution of the two groups, same deck of cards
used by both groups, use of hypnosis on both groups
Gender distribution of the two groups, use of only military
subjects, same deck of cards used by both groups
None of the above—nothing was held constant by the
experimenter.
A statistical technique that combines results of a large number
of studies is called a(n) _____________. (Points : 1)
statistical linear [design, technique?]
quasi-experimental design

6. meta-analysis
experimental correlation
Dr. Chan developed a medication that she hypothesizes will
reduce the obsessive thinking in individuals with paraphilias. A
colleague suggests they also examine the effect of the
medication on sexual arousal. She needs to demonstrate the
efficacy of this medication. She obtains permission to recruit
subjects from databanks of known sex offenders. Thirty-five
people agree who met diagnostic criteria for a paraphila agreed
to participate and she gives them a six-month supply of the
medication and instructs them to take one pill each morning.
After six-months, the subjects return to the clinic. Only thirty
return and she cannot locate the other two. She finds twenty
other subjects through counselor referrals. They serve as the
control group and do not receive the medication. Dr. Chan tests
both groups of participants on physiological measures of sexual
arousal in the presences of paraphilic stimuli. She also has
participants record their thoughts into a digital recorder and
journal throughout the day when having thoughts of a sexual
nature involving paraphilic stimuli. She finds that the subjects
who took the medication showed less sexual arousal in response
to the stimuli than the control group. The researcher and her
colleagues conclude that the medication is effective for the
obsessive thinking and arousal in individuals with paraphilias.
Based on the scenario presented, which of the following would
be necessary to turn this study into a true experiment? (Points :
1)
Recruit a group of 27 control participants with paraphilias
and compare the therapeutic efficacy of the medication in both
groups.
Measure sexual arousal several times during the 6-month
period, including a measure before the medication was taken.

7. Randomly assign patients with paraphilia to the medication
and control groups.
e. Perform a t-test on the results and show that the medication
group performed better than the control group.
Question 10 of 15A 75-item vocabulary test was administered to
a group of residents in an assisted living facility. A second
similar test of vocabulary terms was administered to this same
group of residents approximately one week later. The researcher
reported that the correlation between the two tests was r = .87.
Which of the following statements is accurate? (Points : 1)
The reliability of the tests is strong.
The reliability of the tests is weak.
The divergent validity of the tests is strong.
The face validity of the tests is strong.
Dr. Matthews is interested in investigating gender bias among
mothers. One hundred mothers were asked to rate an article in
terms of its persuasiveness. The article was on the topic of
education. The subjects were assigned to one of two groups.
One group of 50 mothers read the article and were told that it
was authored by a woman named Stephanie James. The other
group of 50 mothers read the same article but were told it was
authored by a man named James Stevens. After reading the
article, each subject rated the article on a 7-point scale as
follows.
not at all persuasive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 very persuasive
The average rating scores were compared for the two groups;
that is, the group with a female author versus the group with a
male author. Results indicated that the average rating was much
higher when the article was attributed to a male author than to a

8. female author.
What variables are explicitly held constant by the experimenter?
(Points : 1)
Content of the article, the study was conducted only with
mothers
The age of the subjects, the ethnicities of the subjects
The ratings by the subjects, the age of the subjects
None of the above—nothing was held constant by the
experimenter
Question 12 of 15Dr. Chan developed a medication that she
hypothesizes will reduce the obsessive thinking in individuals
with paraphilias. A colleague suggests they also examine the
effect of the medication on sexual arousal. She needs to
demonstrate the efficacy of this medication. She obtains
permission to recruit subjects from databanks of known sex
offenders. Thirty-five people, who met diagnostic criteria for a
paraphila, agreed to participate and she gives them a six-month
supply of the medication and instructs them to take one pill
each morning. After 6 months, the subjects return to the clinic.
Only 30 return and she cannot locate the other two. She finds 20
other subjects through counselor referrals. They serve as the
control group and do not receive the medication. Dr. Chan tests
both groups of participants on physiological measures of sexual
arousal in the presences of paraphilic stimuli. She also has
participants record their thoughts into a digital recorder and
journal throughout the day when having thoughts of a sexual
nature involving paraphilic stimuli. She finds that the subjects
who took the medication showed less sexual arousal in response
to the stimuli than the control group. The researcher and her
colleagues conclude that the medication is effective for the
obsessive thinking and arousal in individuals with paraphilias.

9. Based on the scenario presented, which of the following
would not be a way to improve this study? (Points : 1)
Randomly assign subjecs to the medication and control
groups.
Use participants who have only been in treatment for
paraphilic behaviors.
Give both groups a pretest so theat the researchers could
assess changes in sexual arousal and obsessive thinking.
Ensure that participants actually take the medication daily.
Question 13 of 15Professor Cui works to recruit an equal
number of participants from each of several geographic regions
to test for regional differences in language skills. Which of the
following sampling procedures would be best to use if results
are to be generalizable? (Points : 1)
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Nonrandom sampling
Convenience sampling with quotas
Research on extrasensory perception (ESP) has been
controversial to say the least. Dr. Psychic posits that ESP is a
type of intellectual skill that must be nurtured and developed
like mathematical or linguistic abilities. Furthermore, he
believes that hypnosis may be helpful in fostering ESP
development. One standard ESP task involves the use of special
cards that have only five denominations.
The experiment that Dr. Psychic used was to take a deck of 200
cards and have a “sender” shuffle them. The sender looks at the
first card, thinks of the image on the card, and then the subject
guessed what the card is. This process is repeated throughout

10. the entire deck. ESP is measured by the number of correct
guesses on the part of the subject (the receiver).
Dr. Psychic used this task with 100 military volunteers. Two
conditions were used. In the first condition, 50 randomly
assigned volunteers (25 males and 25 females) were hypnotized
and given the task above. In the second condition, and
additional 50 randomly assigned volunteers (25 males and 25
females) completed the task without being hypnotized. The
average number of correct predictions was computed for the two
groups. These averages turned out not to be statistically
significantly different from each other and it was concluded that
hypnosis does not affect ESP.
What is the most likely level of measurement for the dependent
variable? (Points : 1)
Ordinal
Nominal
Interval
Ratio
14 of
Question 15 of 15In an experiment to find out if taking ginseng
improves memory scores, the memory scores would be
____________. (Points : 1)
the independent variable
a control variable
a random variable
the dependent variable

11. Dr. Chan developed a medication that she hypothesizes will
reduce the obsessive thinking in individuals
with paraphilias. A colleague suggests they also examine the
effect of the medication on sexual arousal.
She needs to demonstrate the efficacy of this m
edication. She obtains permission to recruit subjects
from databanks of known sex offenders. Thirty
-
five people agree who met diagnostic criteria for a
paraphila agreed to participate and she gives them a six
-
month supply of the medication and instructs
th
em to take one pill each morning. After six
-
months, the subjects return to the clinic. Only thirty return
and she cannot locate the other two. She finds twenty other
subjects through counselor referrals. They
serve as the control group and do not receive t
he medication. Dr. Chan tests both groups of participants
on physiological measures of sexual arousal in the presences of
paraphilic stimuli. She also has
participants record their thoughts into a digital recorder and
journal throughout the day when having
thoughts of a sexual nature involving paraphilic stimuli. She
finds that the subjects who took the
medication showed less sexual arousal in response to the stimuli
than the control group. The researcher
and her colleagues conclude that the medication is e
ffective for the obsessive thinking and arousal in
individuals with paraphilias.

12. Dr. Chan and her colleagues, encouraged by the original
findings, decided to conduct the experiment
using a double
-
blind procedure. Which of the following would be consiste
nt with using a double
-
blind
procedure? (Points : 1)
Avoid telling the participants that the medication is supposed to
stop obsessive thinking.
Add a control group of
individuals who do not have paraphilias and give them the
medication.
Add a group of individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for
paraphilias who are given a placebo
and ensure that neither the participants nor t
hose administering the post
-
tests and evaluating the audio
and written journals know who is in the mdication group and
who is in the control group.
Use the same design as in the original study but tell the subjec

13. ts that the medicatio nis supposed
to help a symptom other than obsessive thinking, such as mood.
===============
A researcher decided to examine the development of second
language learning using shallow
-
processing and deep
-
processing tasks. He tested 6
-
year
-
olds and 15
-
year
-
olds from the local schools.
Half of the students in each age group were in the shallow
-
processing condition; the other half were in
the deep
-
processing condition. The following table shows the percentage
of second language words
cor
rectly used by the participatns in each of the four conditions.

14. An analysis reveals a statistically sig
nificant (reliable) interaction between the participants’ age and
the
processing condition. Which of the following statements would
be the best interpretation of that
interaction? (Points : 1)
Depth of processin
g has little or no benefit for the 6
-
year
-
olds, but substantial benefits for the
15
-
year
-
olds.
A deep level of processing is equally effective for both age
groups.
As c
hildren grow older, they are better able to understand how to
learning new vocabulary in a
second language can be improved with a deep level of
processing.

15. Deep processign is more effective for individuals in the
concrete operations stage than for