5116 5120.output

* GB785523 (A)
Description: GB785523 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to automatic telephone plants
Description of GB785523 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE547676 (A) DE1036938 (B) FR1153914 (A) US2871299 (A)
BE547676 (A) DE1036938 (B) FR1153914 (A) US2871299 (A) less
Translate this text into Tooltip
[85][(1)__Select language]
Translate this text into
The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 9, 1956.
785,523 No 14491156.
/ A Application made in Sweden on May 18, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 40 ( 4), KI(E 2: J 5: M 7: R 2).
International Classification:-H 04 m.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Automatic Telephone Plants We,
TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L M ERICSSON, a Company organised under the laws
of Sweden, of Stockholm 32, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention,
for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method
by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to a connecting device for emitting ringing
signals in an automatic telephone plant of the kind comprising

subscriber's lines, cross bar switches, link circuits and registers
and a marker, which is set from the registers and sets up
communications between the subscriber's lines over operating bars in
the cross bar switches The telephone plant is also of the kind where
communications are set up by the calling wires of a calling and a
called subscriber's line being connected to two metallic conductors
pertaining to one of the link circuits By this switching operation it
is achieved that the link circuits obtain only one set of terminals,
to which both calling and called subscriber's lines are connected This
causes simplified switching operations but requires special measures
at the emission of ringing signals to the called line so as not to
disturb the calling person.
This problem has been solved earlier by holding the line relay of the
calling subscriber's line until the called person answers.
It is an object of the present invention to solve the problem of
sending repeated ringing signals to the called subscriber until an
answer is obtained without disturbing the calling subscriber.
According to the present invention there is provided a connecting
device for emitting ringing signals in an automatic telephone plant of
the kind comprising subscriber's lines, cross bar switches, single
ended link circuits and registers and a marker, which is set from said
registers and sets up communications between the subscriber's lines by
connecting over operating bars in said cross bar switch the talking
wires of a calling and a called lPrice 3 Y 6 d l subscriber's line to
two metallic conductors pertaining to one of said link circuits, and
links, whereby operating bars for cross bat switches, forming a first
selection stage, -interconnect the subscriber's lines with said links,
50 and operating bars for cross bar switches, forming a second
selection stage, interconnect the links with said link circuits, said
device comprising a partition relay for each of said links, said relay
being arranged to be operated 55 by the marker only when a calling
subscriber's line is connected to the link over said first selection
stage, and arranged to operate a break contact which breaks one
talking wire of the communication, and to operate a nrake 60 contact
which closes a circuit containing at least one winding on the relay
and the loop of the calling subscriber's line for holding the relay in
an operated position in dependence on the telephone instrument of the
calling sub 65 scriber, a ring trip relay which is arranged to be
insensitive to ringing current in each link circuit, circuits in the
link circuit, which are arranged to be closed when a calling and a
called subscriber's line, each over its link, are 70 connected to the
link circuit and connect the talking wire, which is broken by said
break contact in the calling link, to a tinging current generator in
series with a winding on said ring trip relay, a direct current source

for emitting 75 ringing signals on the called subscriber's line, and
contacts on said ring trip relay, which contacts are arranged to be
actuated when the loop over the called subscriber's line at answer is
closed for direct current, so as to bteak the 80 ringing current, and
to switch a circuit causing resetting of the communication over said
talking wire which is broken during the ringing signals.
For a better understanding of the invention 85 and to show how the
same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the
accompanying drawings in which:Fig 1 shows a survey scheme fot a
telephone exchange, 90 Fig 2 shows the line equipment for two
subscriber's lines and a register RS, Fig 3 shows above a link Kl O
and a link circuit NI and a selector GV 10 connecting them, and below
a register REG, and Figs 4-5 show different embodiments for the link
and the link circuit in Fig 3.
Referring now to the drawings, Fig 1 shows two groups of subscriber's
instruments AlA 2 and A 51-A 52 In the first mentioned group each
subscriber's line has a selector SL 1-SL 2 For the second group there
is a number of selectors SL 20-SL 29 It is of no importance for the
invention if a selector per line or line finders may come into use The
selectors S Ll-SL 2 connect the subscriber's lines of Al-A 2 to links
KIO-KI 9 and selectors GV 10-GV 19 connect the links K 10-K 19 to link
circuits N 1-N 40 The line finders SL 20-SL 29 connect the
subscriber's lines of A 51-A 52 to the links 120-K 29 and the
selector's GV 20-GV 29 connect the links K 20-K 29 to the link
circuits N 1-N 40.
Further groups of subscribers may over links be connected to the link
circuits NI-N 40.
In the Figure is further shown a group of junction lines F 1-F 2
having line equipments T 1-T 2, which over selectors FL 1-FL 2 are
connected to links K 30-K 39 The links K 30-K 39, which have no relay
sets, are connected over selectors GV 30-GV 39 to the link circuits
NI-N 40 The link circuits are divided into two groups N 1-N 20 and N
21N 40 Each group of link circuits contains definite number of link
circuits, e g 20, and the number of groups of link circuits may be
increased, if the number of subscriber's groups is increased, by
dividing the number of links per subscriber's group into more groups.
The number of links per subscriber's group may be varied according to
the need of the traffic The number of link circuits per group is
determined by the capacity of the selectors GV Each group of lines has
access to a number of registers REG and REGF, respectively, over
register selectors RS and RSF For each group of lines there is
furthermore an identifier D 1-D 3, which after signal from one of the
registers transmits the number of the line connected to the register
to the marker M A call from the instrument Al causes that the

instrument is connected to a register REG over a register selector RS
The subscriber dials the number of the called line, e g A 51 on his
dial, whereafter the register is connected to the marker M and emits a
signal to the identifier Dl, which transmits the number of the
instrument Al to the marker M At the same time the called number is
transmitted from the register REG to the marker M and then the marker
selects a link circuit, e g Ni and two links, e g KIO and K 20, set
the selectors S Li and GV 10 and SL 20 and GV 20 so that a
communication is obtained from Al over SLI, K 10, GVIO, NI, GV 20, K
20 and SL 20 to A 51.
Figs 2-3 show a detailed switching operation within a private branch
exchange having 2-digit subscriber's numbers Each subscriber's line, e
g Li, has a line relay L Rl 70 and a selector S Li consisting of an
operating bar in a cross bar switch having an operating magnet BI For
the register connection a special system has been applied, viz that
the line relays LRI, LR 2 and so on pertaining to 75 the same tens
number, form a chain, in which only one relay at a time may be
operated For each tens number there is one position in the multiple of
the register unit RS The result of this is that within each tens only
one sub 80 scriber at a time may be connected to a register, which
means a small disadvantage but in return gives rise to saving in the
register unit and simplifications of the identifying of the number of
a calling instrument The relays TIO-T 17 85 and T 20-T 27 in Fig 2
form an identifying device.
When a subscriber calls from the instrument Al in Fig 2 the following
circuit is closed:
+, contacts 223, 114, 11 and 18, the line L 1 90 and the instrument
Al, contacts 19 and 13, the winding on the line relay LR 1, to minus.
The relay LR 1 attracts its armature and operates the contacts 11-17
The line L 1 is connected over the contacts 12 and 14 to two 95 wires
al O and bl O common for the tens, said wires being connected to
contacts in the register unit RS The relay L Rl is held in the
following circuit: +, contact 113, 123-193, 111, the winding on the
selecting magnet 100 S I 1, contacts 222, 10 and 15, the winding on
the relay L Rl, to minus The selecting magnet S 1 attracts its
armature The contacts 11 Iare actuated The contact 112 is closed
before 111 and 113 are opened The contact 105 closes the following
circuit of all free registers which may reach the wires al O and bl O:
+, contacts 115, 101, 105-106, 103, the winding on the relay VR 1, the
wire r 5, the contact 311, the upper winding of the relay 110 RR 4 to
minus.
Each of the relays VR 1-V Rn pertains to a register REG and they form
a relay chain, in which only one relay at a time can be operated.
The relay VRI is operated before the relay 115 RR 4, which is

slow-operating The contacts 101-103 are actuated, the contact 102
being closed before the contacts 101 and 103 are opened The contacts
341-342 in Fig 3 are closed The following circuit is completed: 120 +,
the contact 342, the winding on the relay RR 1, the wire r 4, the
winding on the operating magnet BR 1, to minus The operating magnet BR
1 and the relay RR 1 attract their armatures.
The contact 311 is opened and the contacts in 125 the register unit RS
corresponding to the selecting magnet Si i are closed The relay T 20
in Fig 2 is operated in a circuit parallel to the operating magnet BR
1 The contacts 221-223 are actuated, whereby the circuit of the
selecting 130 785,523 selected and the selecting magnet 529 is
operated Then the marker selects a free link, e.g KIO, by means of a
test circuit over the wire t 2 and the contact 432 and closes a
circuit over the wire tl, the relay KR 1 and then the 70 operating
magnet BK is operated The contacts 411-414 and 431-432 and the
contacts of the selector GVIO corresponding to the selecting magnet
529 are actuated At the same time the selected link 110 in the
selectors 75 SL 1-SL 2 in Fig 2 is marked by the selecting magnet 59
being operated The marker M then closes a circuit for the operating
magnet Bl of the selector SL 1 in the calling subscriber's line Li The
operating magnet Bl 80 attracts its armature The contacts 18, 19 and
and the contacts on the operating bar SL 1 corresponding to the
selecting magnet 59 are actuated Then Bl is held energised over the
wire c and the contact 431 The marker M 85 also tests the called line
L 2 and, if it is free, the marker selects a second link, e g K 14 in
Fig 1, which is completely like the link K 10 in Fig 2 As now a called
line is referred to, the relay KRM in the link 114 and the operating
90 magnet BK of the selector GV 14 pertaining to the link are
operated, but the relay KR 1 is released when the marker is
disconnected as not held over the called line Both links K 10 and K 14
are simultaneously connected to the 95 multipled, metallic conductors
ma, mb, mc in the link circuit NI Then the relay NR 2 is operated in a
circuit over the contact 455, the wire me, the selector GV 10 and the
contact 414.
The contacts 461-463 are actuated Then 100 the selecting magnet 51 in
Fig 2 pertaining to the link K 14 is operated and thereafter the
operating magnet B 2 of the selector SL 2 perraining to the
subscriber's line L 2 The operating magnet BK of the link K 14 is held
105 by the contact 414 in the link K 10 over the conductor mc The test
of the line L 2 occurs on the same wire as the operation of the
operating magnet B 2 Said wire marks busy if it is connected to + over
the wire c and 110 contact 431 in a link e g KIO or K 14 directly or
over a resistance Then the register REG and the marker M are released
by the relay RR 3 releasing its armature.

A communication has now been connected 115 from the instrument Al over
the selector SLI, the link K 10, GVIO, the link circuit Ni, GV 14, the
link 114, the selector SL 2, to the instrument A 2 The communication
is held through the following circuit of the relay KR 1: 120 +, the
lower winding of the relay NR 2, the contact 451, GV 10, contact 421,
the wire a, the selector SL 1, the line L 1 and the instrument Al, the
selector SLI, the wire b, the contacts 412 and 423, the winding on the
relay KR 1, 125 to minus The lower winding of the relay NR 2 has a low
resistance and has only for its object to transmit a buzzer signal,
which is emitted from a generator Su 3 over the contact d 2 in an
interrupter D, contact 461 and the 130 magnet S 1 is broken Then the
calling circuit of the line relays LRI, LR 2 and so on is held broken
in the contact 223 and LR 1 is held operated over the contact 221.
The relay RR 2 in Fig 3 is operated in the following circuit: +, the
upper winding of the relay RR 2, the wire rl, RS, the wire al O, the
contacts 12 and 18, the line L 1 and the instrument Al, the contacts
19 and 14, the wire bl O, RS, the wire r 2, the intermediate winding
of the relay RR 2, to minus The contacts 321322 are actuated The slow
operating holding relay RR 3 becomes energised and operates the
contacts 330-333 The calling person hears a tone which is sent from a
generator Su 2 over the contacts 351 and 330.
Here we suppose that the call refers to the subscriber's instrument A
2 The impulses are repeated by the relay RR 2 and current impulses are
sent over the contacts 322 and 333 and the wire t to a registering
mechanism RM.
At the beginning of the first impulse the relays RR 4 and RR 5 are
operated The relay RR 5 disconnects the buzzer generator Su 2 and is
held over the contacts 342 and 352 The relay RR 4 is slow operating
and remains to the end of the impulse train In a circuit over the
contacts 331 and 341 and the wire v a switching device is operated,
which is not shown in the figure but which in a known manner separates
the impulse trains from each other, and in a circuit over the contact
331 and the wiref the registering is held-in the register mechanism
RM.
When the number of the instrument A 2 has been registered in RM a
circuit is closed for connection of the register REG to the marker M:
+, the winding on relay RR 7, the contacts 374, 306-376, to minus Each
of the relays RR 7-R Rn pertains to a register and they form a relay
chain, in which only one relay at a time can be operated Here it is
supposed that the relay RR 7 attracts its armature and operates the
contacts 371-377, the contact 375 being closed before the contacts 374
and 376 are opened The contact 372 breaks the current of the relay RR
3 During the release time of the relay RR 3 the switching operation
for the switching of the communication is taking place.

The contact 371 closes a circuit for the relay T 10 in Fig 2 over the
wire r 3 The relay T 10 operates the contacts 211-214 The number of
the calling instrument Al is identified by + over the contacts 17 and
211 and by + over the contact 214 and is registered in the marker M At
the same time the digits of the number of the instrument A 2 are
marked in the marker over the circuit, which is closed by the contacts
373 and 377 and which passes the registering mechanism RM The marker M
selects a free link circuit by means of a test circuit over the wire t
4 and the contacts 463 and 456 to minus, and selects the free link
circuit by operation of the corresponding selecting magnet 521-529.
Here we suppose that the link circuit Ni is 785,523 upper winding of
the relay NR 2, in order to indicate for the calling person that a
ringing signal is emitted to the called instrument The lower winding
of the relay NR 2 thus shortcircuits the upper winding of the relay KR
2, which is connected to the wire a over the contact 411.
Ringing signals are emitted to the called instrument A 2 through the
following circuit:
+, the lower winding of the relay NR 2, the contact 451, the wire mna,
the selector GV 14, contact 421, the a-wire of the link 1 ( 14, the
selector SL 2, the line L 2 and the instrument A 2, the selector SL 2,
the b-wire of the link 1 ( 14, the contacts 413 and 425 and the
selector K 1 V 14 of the link 114, the wire mb, the contact 452, the
upper winding of the relay NRI, the contact 462, the wire t 5, the
transformer T to minus Ringing signals are transformed to said circuit
from the ringing generator RG over the contact dl in the interrupter D
and the transformer T The corresponding ringing circuit over the link
1 ( 10 is broken by the contact 413, and thus the calling person is
not disturbed by the ringing signals The relay NR 1 is slow operating
and is not operating by the ringing current When an answer is obtained
from the called instrument A 2 the ringing circuit for direct current
is closed and the relay NRI attracts its armature The contacts 451-456
are actuated The contact 454 is first closed and a circuit is
completed through the lower winding of the relay NRI over the wire mc
and the contact 414 The contact 452 breaks the ringing current The
contact 451 disconnects the lower winding of the relay NR 2 and then
the relay KR 2 is sufficiently energised by its upper winding for
operating in series with the winding on the relay KR 1 The contacts
421-426 are actuated The contact 423 breaks the current through the
relay K(Rl which releases its armature A feeding circuit is formed for
the instrument Al over the contact 422 through the upper winding of
the relay KR 2 and over the contacts 413 and 424 by the lower winding
of the relay KR 2 The condensers Cl and C 2 are connected between the
two subscriber's lines and the called instrument A 2 is fed with
current over the windings on the relay NR 3.

The communication is held by the calling person and is disconnected
when the calling subscriber puts on his hand microtelephone.
If the called instrument A 2 is busy the marker does not set up a
communication but operates the selecting magnet So in Fig 2, and then
the operating magnet Bl of the calling subscriber's line Li The
contacts 18, 19 and and the contacts in the selector SLI corresponding
to the selecting magnet So are actuated When the register REG and the
marker M have been released, the operating magnet Bl is held in the
following circuit:
+, the winding on the choke G, the selector i SLI, the line Li, the
instrument Al, the l selector SLI, the winding on the operating magnet
Bl, to minus The calling person hears a buzzer tone emitted from a
generator Sul over the condenser Co and indicating that the called
instrument is busy 70 In Fig 3 there is the current feeding relay KR 2
of the calling subscriber in the link K 10 and the current feeding
relay NR 3 of the calling subscriber in the link circuit NI.
Fig 4 shows how the two current feeding 75 relays may be arranged in
the link ( 10 while only ringing signal relays and metallic conductors
ma, mb, m 7 tc for interconnection of the subscriber's lines exist in
the link circuit NI.
The marker M operates the current feeding 80 relay KRI in the link K
10 on the calling side by closing a circuit over the wire 71 The
contacts 41 I-417 are actuated The upper winding of the current
feeding relay KR 2 is connected parallelly with the intermediate 85
winding on the ringing control relay NRI, which has a low resistance
When an answer is obtained, the relay NRI is operated The contacts
450-456 are actuated and the following circuit is completed: +, the
upper winding 90 of the relay KR 2 in the link KI 1, GVIO, the wire
ma, GV 14, the a-wire of the link K 14, the loop and the selector SL 2
of the called instrument, the b-wire, GV 14, the wire mb, GVIO, the
contacts 428 and 417 in the link 95 K 10, the contact in GV 10, the
wire md, the contact 450, the resistance rl, to minus The relay KR 2
in the link K 10 is operated The contacts 427-428 are actuated and
then the subscriber's lines L 1 and L 2 are interconnected 100 over
the condensers Cl and C 2 in the link K 10 In Fig 4 a buzzer tone is
connected during the ringing signals over the wire t 6, the condenser
C 4 and the contact 461 to the a-wire of the calling line 105 Fig 5
shows a simplified embodiment for the links K 10-K 19 Each of the
links contains a relay KR 1, which is operated by the marker M, when a
calling line is connected over the link to the link circuit Ni At the
110 same time the marker operates the relay NR 2 of the link circuit
NI in a circuit over the wire t 7 The contacts 461-465 are actuated.
When the marker is released, the relay KR 1 is held in the following
circuit: +, the lower 115 winding of the relay NR 2, the contact 451,

the conductor ma G Vl O, a-wire, the winding over the calling
instrument Al, the b-wire, the contact 412, the winding on the relay
KRI, to minus The lower winding of the relay NR 2 120 is in this case
a working winding Ringing signals are emitted on the called line L 2
over the wire t 5 and the contact 462 Buzzer signals are emitted to
the calling line L 1 over the wire t 6 and the contact 461, are
transformed 125 between the upper two windings of the relay NR 2, and
pass an electrolytic condenser C 3 and the contact 451 to the
conductor ma The intermediate winding of the relay NR 2 has a low
resistance and because of the electrolytic 130 785,523 and a called
subscriber's line, each over its link, are connected to the link
circuit and connect the talking wire, which is broken by said 60 break
contact in the calling link, to a ringing current generator in series
with a winding on said ring trip relay, a direct current source for
emitting ringing signals on the called subscriber's line, and contacts
on said ring trip 65 relay, which contacts are arranged to be actuated
when the loop over the called subscriber's line at answer is closed
for direct current, so as to break the ringing current, and to switch
a circuit causing resetting of the 70 communication over said talking
wire which is broken during the ringing signals.
2 Automatic telephone plant as claimed in claim 1, comprising a first
current feeding relay, two condensers, one in each talking wire, for
75 each of said links, break contacts on said current feeding relay,
which hold said condensers disconnected, when the link over said first
selection stage is connected to a called subscriber's line, a circuit
for operation of the 80 current feeding relay, when the link over the
first selection stage is connected to a calling subscriber's line and
an answer is obtained on the called subscriber's line, at least one
make contact on the current feeding relay for holding 85 the current
feeding relay in a circuit containing the loop of the calling
subscriber's line, and a second current feeding relay in each of said
link circuits, which by said relay which is insensitive to ringing
current, is connected to 90 the called subscriber's line.
3 Automatic telephone plant as claimed in claim 1, comprising two
current feeding relays, one for the calling and one for the called
subscriber's line, two condensers, one in each 95 calling wire, for
each of said links, break contacts on said current feeding relays,
which short-circuit said condensers, and make contacts separating the
talking wires from the windings of the current feeding relays, when
100 the link is connected to a called subscriber's line, said contacts
connecting the current feeding relays and the condensers, when the
link is connected to a calling subscriber's line and an answer is
obtained from the called subscriber's 105 line.
4 An automatic telephone plant, substantially as hereinbefore

described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
HASELTINE, LAKE & CO, 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London,
W C 2, England.
Agents for the Applicants.
condenser C 3 it is also passed by the ringing current over the called
line, which however does not operate the relay NR 2 The contact 464
closes a circuit through the intermediate winding of the relay NR 3
The relay NR 3 is operated and the contact 471 is closed.
When the called person answers, the relay NR 1 is operated The
contacts 451-456 are actuated The circuit of the relay KR 1 is broken
by the contact 451 and is held broken during the release time of the
relay NR 2.
The relay NR 2 is slow releasing due to the electrolytic condenser C
3, and therefore the relay KRI releases its armature The communication
is held by the contact 471 and when the relay NR 2 releases its
armature the contact 465 is closed before the contact 464 is opened.
The two subscriber's lines L 1 and L 2 are simultaneously connected to
the conductors ma and mb and obtain a common current feeding over the
upper and the lower winding of the relay NR 3, which is held in an
operated position until the two subscribers have put on their hand
microtelephones.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785524 (A)
Description: GB785524 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Impacting machine

Inventor: GERALD H BROWN 785,524 Date of Application and filing
Complete Specification May 11, 1956.
No 14711/56.
Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance: -Class 124, C( 1 IB 2 A: IC: 1 D 1: 2 E: 12).
International Classification: -B 25 d.
Impacting Machine We, J LEUKART MACHINE CO Shc, a Corporation of Ohio,
Uinted States of America, of 195, Hosack Street, Columbus 7, Ohio,
United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement: This invention relates to an impacting machine It
has to do, more particularly, with a machine which can be used for
impacting or compressing paving material, for tamping or compressing
filling material such as dirt, and for many other impacting
operations.
Machines pf this general type have been used in the past These
machines consist mainly of an impactor plate which is adapted to
contact the material to be impacted or compressed and means associated
therewith for causing the plate to vibrate The vibrating means
comprises eccentric weights which, when driven, cause a vertical
vibration of the impactor plate These weights are carried by the
impactor plate and are driven by means of an engine which is also
supported by the impactor plate These prior art machines have been
based on the principle that the centre of gravity of the elements
carried by the impactor plate is disposed ahead of a vertical line
perpendicular to the impactor surface of the plate so that when the
machine is supported by the impactor surface and the plate vibrates,
the entire machine moves forwardly in a series of hops or jumps A
handle is associated with each machine of this general type so that an
operator can aid in guiding it, and wheels are also provided which can
be moved into contact with a surface by tilting the entire machine by
means of a handle so that the machine can be transported readily to a
different location.
The present invention provides for a simplified machine of the general
type indicated above in which the tamping action is accomplished more
effectively and efficiently than in lPrice 3 s 6 d 41 prior art
machines by a simple driving means and in which the driving means is
of such a nature that exact timing between the action of the engine
and the action of the eccentric weights is obtained so that high
efficiency is possible in the tamping action The present invention
also provides for concentrating the impacting effect of the weights
during their rotation not only by the timing arrangement but also by

the nature and disposition of the weights This invention further
provides for a replaceable impactor plate or blade to permit
replacement after wear or to permit replacement with blades of other
forms It further provides a machine of such a structure that it can be
manufactured by simple production methods.
In the accompanying drawings, there is illustrated an example of the
invention but it is to be understood that the machine may take other
forms without departing from the basic principles of the invention In
these drawings:Figure 1 is a perspective; Figure 2 is a front
elevation, partly broken away; Figure 3 is a side elevation of Figures
1 and 2, illustrating its action; Figure 4 is a detail in side
elevation, partly broken away, of the driving mechanism of the
machine; Figure 5 is a detail in side elevation of the mounting for
the handle of the machine, and Figure 6 is an elevation of one of the
eccentric weights used on the machine.
With reference to the drawings and especially to Figures 1 to 3, the
machine is illustrated as consisting of a weight housing 10, an engine
11 of the internal combustion type supported on the housing, a fuel
tank 12 associated with the engine and supported by the housing,
transporting wheels 13 attached to the housing, and a handle 14
attached to the housing which can be used by the operator for aiding
in guiding the machine and for tilt785,524 ing the machine to cause
the transporting wheels 13 to function.
The housing 10 is of tubular form to simplify its production and to
provide a simple arrangement for mounting bearings 15 (Figure 2) for a
weight shaft 16 This tubular housing 10 may be formed merely by
cutting suitable lengths from a steel pipe The bearings are
self-aligning and are mounted in rings or collars 17 which are merely
welded within the tubular housing 10 adjacent the ends thereof The
bearings 15 support the shaft 16 at the axis of the tubular housing
10.
The shaft 16 is provided with one eccentric weight 18 intermediate the
bearings 15 This radially extending weight 18 may be welded to the
shaft The shaft is further provided with two other radially extending
weights 19 of identical form Each of these weights is of the type
shown in Figure 6 and is keyed to an end of the shaft 16 axially
outside the adjacent bearing 15 All the weights are of narrow form
transversely of the axis of the shaft 16 and extend angularly in width
through an angle of 360 to 400 as indicated by the angle A in Figure 6
As pointed out above, this figure shows a weight 19 but the weight 18
is of the same angular extent transversely.
By providing narrow weights of this character, the impacting effect is
concentrated, it being understood that all the weights are in angular
alignment.

The left-hand end of the tubular housing (Figure 2) is closed by a
removable cover plate 20 The right-hand end of the shaft 16 has a
toothed driven pulley 21 keyed thereon.
This pulley receives a toothed driving and timing belt 22 This endless
belt 22 is of the type made of rubber to reduce noise but having
cables embedded therein and extending longitudinally thereof to
prevent stretching.
This belt 22 extends upwardly into a guard 23 provided above the end
of the housing 10 and welded thereto and which is beneath the fuel
tank 12 The outer side of the guard 23 and the right-hand end of the
housing 10 are closed by a removable plate 24.
Within the guard 23 is a toothed driving pulley 25 This pulley 25 is
keyed on the end of the crankshaft 26 of the engine 11 which projects
into the guard 23 This drive arrangement is illustrated in detail in
Figure 4 and serves not only as a driving means but also as an
accurate timing means to always keep the crankshaft 26 and the weight
shaft 16 in a predetermined angular relationship The opposite end of
the crankshaft 26 is provided with a pulley 27 keyed thereon for
receiving a starting rope The crankshaft 26 is connected in the usual
manner to the piston rod 28 of the piston 29 of the engine 11.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, when the piston 29 is at the lower extent
of its stroke, the weights 18 and 19 are at the lowermost points they
reach in their rotation The result is that the downward thrust of both
the piston and the weights will be exerted simultaneously.
Furthermore, because the weights are of slight angular extent, the
impacting force will be concentrated during a short interval while the
70 weights are in their lowermost positions The direct drive will
maintain the desired relationship between the piston 29 and the
weights 18 and 19.
This concentrated impacting force is applied 75 to the impactor blade
30 (Figure 3) which is carried at the lower side of the tubular
housing 10 The blade 30 is removably atttached to the lower side of
-the housing 10 and extends the full length thereof For attaching the
80 blade 30, the housing 10 is provided with a bar 31 which is welded
to its outer surface at its rear lower quadrant and which extends the
full length of the housing The blade 30 is provided with an upstanding
flange 32 which 85 extends the full length thereof, and which is
adapted to be bolted by removable bolts 33 to the bar 31 The blade 30
includes the flat heel section 34, which serves as the impactor
surface, and the forward upwardly extending 90 section 35, which
serves as a pre-compacting surface The angular relationship of the
section 35 with the section 34 is important to provide the desired
precompaction without rearward tipping of the machine and we have 95
found that this angle, indicated at B in Figures 3 and 4, should be

from 150 to 200 Also, it will be noted from Figure 3 that the angle of
the section 35 is such that it is tangential to the housing 10 and,
therefore, its upper sur 100 face will engage the housing 10 and will
be braced thereby It will be apparent that the blade 30 can be readily
removed and be replaced with blades of different length or widths or
of other characteristics In making 105 such a change, it is merely
necessary to remove and replace the bolts 33.
The engine 11 (Figures 1 and 3) is bolted by means of bolts 36 to bars
37 and 38 extending longitudinally of the housing 10 at its 110 upper
side and welded to the outer surface thereof The bar 37 carries a tube
section 39 which extends beyond the ends thereof and serves as handle
grips for lifting the machine.
The wheels 13 are supported on axles 115 carried by rearwardly
extending brackets 40 welded to the rear upper quadrant of the housing
10 Supported by these brackets 40 is a mounting for an upstanding
cylindrical handle shock mount unit 41 (Figures 3 and 5) of a 120
suitable type The handle 14 is attached to this unit by a split
clamping collar 42 which is welded to the lower end of the handle and
which clamps around the unit 41.
It will be noted that the housing 10 not only 125 serves as a housing
for the weight shaft 16 and the weights 18 and 19 but also serves as
supporting means for attachment of the impactor blade 30, the engine
11 and associated parts, and the handle 14 The engine 11 is prefer 130
785,524 ably a single cylinder internal combustion engine.
The impactor surface 34 of plate 30 is disposed relatively to the
housing 10 in such a manner that when it rests on a horizontal
surface, indicated by the letter S in Figure 3, the machine is tilted
forwardly slightly However, the machine is so balanced that when the
impactor surface 34 rests on a horizontal surface the machine will not
tip over forwardly.
The wheels 13 are shown as being two in number but other numbers may
be used.
When the impactor surface 34 is resting on the supporting surface S,
as shown in Figure 3, the wheels 13 are spaced above the supporting
surface However, for transportation, the machine may be tilted
rearwardly, until the wheels 13 engage the supporting surface S, by
the handle 14 These wheels 13 are of such width that they will not
disfigure material already impacted when they come into contact with
the surface of such material The shock mount 41 cushions the handle 14
and, consequently, vibrations from the machine will be damped before
they reach the operator who may be using the handle 14 to manipulate
the machine and especially to aid in guiding it.
The amount of tilt in the Figure 3 position is indicated by a
comparison of the vertical line V, which is perpendicular to the flat

impactor surface 34 The line C indicates the axis of reciprocation of
the piston 29 and this line C is tilted forwardly slightly relatively
to the line V However, the machine is so balanced on the impactor
surface that its centre of gravity is along a line perpendicular to
and passing through the flat surface 34 of the impactor blade 30 Thus,
as indicated in Figure 3, the centre of gravity will be located
between the lines G and H which are perpendicular to the flat surface
34 of the impactor blade at the front and rear extremities thereof,
respectively Therefore, the machine will not tip over forwardly when
the impactor surface 34 is resting on a level surface, as shown in
Figure 3 Although in Figure 3, material is shown under the angled
section 35, the machine would not tip forwardly even if this material
was not present.
Because of this arrangement where the piston 29 reciprocates along an
axis which is tilted forwardly and which intersects the axes of the
crankshaft 26 and the weightshaft 16, when the eccentric weights 18
and 19 are driven by the engine 11, the impactor surface 34 will not
only be vibrated but the machine will jump or hop forwardly in small
increments.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785525 (A)
Description: GB785525 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Process for preparing a glucosamine

785525 ) Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May
30, 1956.
No 16676/56.
Application made in United States of America on June 3, 1955.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), C 2 837 (A 3: L).
International Classification:-CO 7 d.
Process' for preparing a Glucosamine ERRATA SPECIFICATION No 785,525
Page 2, line 71, for " ( 1945) " read " ( 1954)" Page 4, lines 31-32,
for "Man-ville" read " Mans-ville " Page 4, line 103, for "miaxture "
read mixture Page 4, line 104, for":eating" read "eluting" Page 4,
line 110, for " actyl " read " acetyl " THE PATENT OFFICE, 12th
December, 1957.
no U G L Cl,Ien as L owjtns 7 a Cr rn, alul more recently as
Lactobacillus bifidus var.
pennsylvanicus A strain of this microorganism is available from the
American Type Culture Collection, where it is on deposit as No.
11,863 This microorganism has been known for some time to constitute
an important part of the intestinal flora of a breast-fed infant.
The specific growth-promoting factor for Lactobaccillus bifidus, and
its importance in infant nutrition, are fully discussed with reference
to the growth and proliferation of the Lactobacillus bifidus
microorganism in the intestinal tract of the young child, in United
States Specification No 2,770,573.
In that United States Patent Specification there is described and
claimed the process of preparing substances which have high activity
for promoting growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var Penn which comprises
reacting lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the presence of a
lactase, specifically an enzyme derived from Lactobacillus bifidus var
Penn That lPice 3 s 6 d l wmuc lb useiut in ume process Our assignors
have now found that if the enzymatic synthesis is carried out using
living intact cells of said Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus
microorganism instead of an enzyme derived therefrom not only is the
yield of ithe desired microbiologicallywactive compound,
4-O-,/-D-galactopyranosyl N-acetylD-glucosamine, greater than that
secured by the process of the said United States Patent Specification
No 2770573 but the product is almost all the desired active compound,

practically none of the inactive isomer being present in the reaction
mixture This is a very important advantage since approximately onehalf
of the product secured when the enzyme is used in the reaction is not
active for promoting the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var
penlrsylvanicus By this improved method, utilising living intact cells
of the microorganism itself, only negligible amounts of the inactive
isomeric 6-O-P-D-galactoside Mic C a, 1 1 1 -" 14 1 71, z,:4 W ' 1 1 O
%, ? W ' 0 1 zm- 1 PATENT SPECIFICATION f i Date of Application and
filing Complete Specification: May 30, 1956.
No 16676/56.
Application made in United States of America on June 3, 1955.
Index at acceptance:- Class 2 ( 3), C 2 B 37 (A 3: L).
International Classification:-CO 7 d.
Processt for preparing a Glucosamine We, AMERICAN HOME PRODUCTS
CORPORAr TION, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of
the State of Delaware, United States of America, of 22, East 40th
Street, in the City, County and State of New York, United States of
America (assignee of PAUL GYOERGY and FRIEDRICH ZILLIKEN), do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a process for preparing a glucosamine,
specifically 4-0-P-Dgalactopyranosyl N acetyl-D-glucosamine, which is
active in promoting growth of Lactobaciltus bifidus var pennsylvanicus
A.T C C No 11,863.
It has recently been discovered that a specific growth-promoting
factor which is present in human (breast) milk is essential to promote
the growth of a specific strain of the Lactobacillus bijidus
microorganism, this specific strain being originally identified as No
212 A, then as L bifidus var Penn, and more recently as Lactobacillus
bifidus var.
pennsylvanicus A strain of this microorganism is available from the
American Type Culture Collection, where it is on deposit as No.
11,863 This microorganism has been known for some time to constitute
an important part of the intestinal flora of a breast-fed infant.
The specific growth-promoting factor for Lactobaccillus bifidus, and
its importance in infant nutrition, are fully discussed with reference
to the growth and proliferation of the Lactobacillus bifidus
microorganism in the intestinal tract of the young child, in United
States Specification No 2,770,573.
In that United States Patent Specification there is described and
claimed the process of preparing substances which have high activity

for promoting growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var Penn which comprises
reacting lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the presence of a
lactase, specifically an enzyme derived from Lactobacillus bifidus var
Penn That lPrice 3 s 6 d l process results in a mixed product
containing two chemical compounds, one of which is active in promoting
growth of said microorganism, while the other is inactive These two
chemical compounds can be characterised as 40-,8-D-galactopyranosvl N
acetyl-Dglucosamine (active) and
6-0-,-D-galactopyranosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminne (inactive).
In the process for producing these two compounds in admixture
disclosed in the said United States Patent Specification No.
2770573, lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine are reacted in the
presence of an enzyme which is present in growing cultures of
Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus, which enzyme is secured for
use in said synthesis by a procedure described in that application
This procedure, in brief, involves centrifuging a growing culture of
said microorganism, lyophilising the solid to secure a dry product,
and intimately mixing the dry product with aluminium oxide in the
presence of a phosphate buffer solution, thereby securing a solution
of said enzyme which is useful in the process.
Our assignors have now found that if the enzymatic synthesis is
carried out using living intact cells of said Lactobacillus bifidus
var pennsylvanicus microorganism instead of an enzyme derived
therefrom not only is the yield of jthe desired
microbiologioally-active compound, 4-O-,8-D-galactopyranosyl
N-acetylD-glucosamine, greater than that secured by the process of the
said United States Patent Specification No 2770573 but the product is
almost all the desired active compound, practically none of the
inactive isomer being present in the reaction mixture This is a very
important advantage since approximately onehalf of the product secured
when the enzyme is used in the reaction is not active for promoting
the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus By this
improved method, utilising living intact cells of the microorganism
itself, only negligible amounts of the inactive isomeric
6-0-,8-D-galactoside are formed These isomeric compounds may be
represented by the following structural formulae:
Ic CH-OH I I HC-O HC-NHCOCH 3 I I HO-CH O HOCH O HO 3-CH i I HC HC I I
CH 2 Off CN? OH 4-O-P-D-galactopyranosyl-N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
(Active) HC 0 HO-CH HO-CH CH CH 2 CH I NC-OH H.C-NHCOCHS -O CH O HCNCH
2 6-O-1 '-D-galactopyranosyl-N-Acetyl-D glucosamine (Inactive)
According to the present invention, therefore, the process of
preparing 4-O-f-Dgalacto-pyranosyl N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, said
compound being active in promoting growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var
pennsylvanicus A T C C No 11863, comprises reacting lactose and

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the presence of living intact cells of
Lactobacillus bifidus var penznsylvanicus microorganism.
This improved method wherein the reaction between lactose and
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is carried out by incubating intact cells of
the microorganism with the reactants also has the further advantage
that there is no loss of active disaccharide on prolonged incubation A
process which permits production of the active 4-O-/3-D
galactopyranosyl Nacetyl-D-glucosamine for periods up to 48 hours
without appreciable loss of formed active product has definite
commercial advantages, since it avoids the necessity, characteristic
of many enzymatic methods, of stopping the reaction and recovering the
product at a definite point in the synthesis.
In carrying out the improved process the lactose and N-acetyl
D-glucosamine are brought together in the presence of intact cells of
Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsytvanicus, A T C C No 11,863, and
incubation is continued for any desired period up to forty-eight hours
or even longer The greatest yield of the microbiologically-active
4-O-13-D galactopyranosyl N acetyl Dglucosamine is obtained under
anaerobic conditions, but aerobic conditions can also be employed
with, however, a slight increase in the amount of unwanted inactive
isomer The p H should fall within the range 4 0 to 7 0, and the
temperature within the range 15 to C Very satisfactory results have
been secured when the teaction is carried out at a temperature of
approximately 370 C and at a p H of approximately 5 4, the p H being
maintained within the specified range by the use of a phosphate
buffer.
The living microorganism may be grown on a medium containing all
nutrients including the Lactobacillus bifidus growth-promoting factor,
which are necessary for its growth and propagation A suitable medium,
to which breast milk or some other material supplying the
Lactobacillus bifidus growthpromoting factor should be added, is
disclosed in British Patent Specification No.
746,834.
It contains, in addition, to some substance supplying the
growth-promoting factor and mineral salts, additional substances such
as potassium acid phosphate, lactose, sodium acetate, hydrolysed
casein, various amino acids, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium
pantothenate, and various other vitamins See also the paper of Gyoergy
et al, Arch Biochem.
and Biophys, 48 193, ( 1945) The living cells may be collected by
centrifugation or other suitable procedure, washed and supplied to the
mixture of lactose and N-acetylD-glucosamine as a concentrated
suspension.
The reaction requires a molar ratio of lactose to

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine of 2:1, and the reactants should be present in
approximately this proportion The process is advantageously carried
out by suspending the intact cells of L bifidus var pennsylvanicus in
an aqueous phosphate buffer solution, and then adding lactose and
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine thereto in the molar ratio of two moles of SO
so 785,525 HM 785,525 3 lactose to one of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
The mixture is then incubated at a temperature within the range 150 to
400 C, preferably at about 370 C Anaerobic incubation is preferred
since it results in the highest yield of the desired
4-O-,8-D-galactopyranosyl N-acetyl D-glucosamine and minimal amounts
of the active isomer However, the incubation can also be carried out
under aerobic conditions, but-with a lowered yield of the desired
active compound and ingreased amounts (although still relatively
small) of the inactive isomer The conversion of part of the lactose
into undesired products such as glucose and galactose is more
pronounced under aerobic conditions than when the synthesis is carried
out anaerobically, but fairly good yields of 4-0,8-D
galactopyranosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine can also be obtained by
incubation under aerobic conditions By anaerobic conditions we mean
those in which the amount of oxygen in the amibient atmosphere in
contact with the reaction mixture does not exceed 4 %.
In recovering the active product, 4-O-I-Dgalactopyranosyl N
acetyl-D-glucosamine, from the reaction mixture we have found it
advantageous first to heat the digest, after termination of
incubation, to about 100 ' C.
for about one hour, and then centrifuge off the supernatant The
supernatant is then concentrated to a reduced volume and adsorbed on a
chromatographic column containing a suitable adsorbent This may, for
example, consist of two parts of carbon and one part of diatomaceous
earth Of course other adsorbents may also be utilised, and they need
not necessarily be employed in columnar form The adsorbed material is
then eluted from the column with suitable eluting agents such as water
and aqueous ethanol.
Evaporation of the aqueous ethanolic eluates to dryness yields a solid
product comprising the active compound It may be recovered in purified
crystalline form by recrystallising it from suitable solvents, such as
dry methanol, in the usual manner.
The following examples are illustrative of preferred forms of the
process of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1.
Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus, A.T C C No 11,863, was grown
in accordance with the procedure described in the publication of
Gyoergy, Norris and Rose, Arch Biochem and Biophys, Vol 48, ( 1954),
page 193 This medium contained, as the basic medium, the mineral salts

and additional substances referred to above, and also included a
material supplying the essential growth factor for L bifidus which may
be a small amount of skimmed human milk Cells from 40-hour cultures
were collected by centrifugation and then washed twice with 0 85 %
saline and once with M/15 phosphate buffer of p H 5 4 A suitable
phosphate buffer may comprise a 0 1 molar solution of a mixture of
sodium and potassium phosphates, such, for example, as disodium
orfiophosphate Na HPO 4 and dipotassium orthophos 70 phate KHPP 4.
The cells were then suspended in the same phosphate buffer solution of
M/15 molar concentration so that 3 niillilitres of the cell suspension
represented cells from 100 milli 75 litres of the culture Three
millilitre aliquots of this cell suspension were then added to 10
millilitre portions of M/15 phosphate buffer containing 382 nmiligrams
of N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and 625 milligrams of lactose 80
(monohydrate) These cell-substrate suspensions were then incubated at
37 C in suitable cotton-plugged vessels Anaerobic incubabation was
carried out by first evacuating the vessels and then filling them
three times with 85 nitrogen gas, followed by evacuation before
finally restoring atmospheric pressure by the addition of a mixture
comprising 10 per cent.
of carbon dioxide and 90 per cent of nitrogen In carrying out the
reaction under 90 aerobic incubation, the flasks were allowed to stand
in the atmosphere without agitation.
In each case incubation was continued for periods up to 48 hours
Samples were taken at intervals and analysed for reducing sugars 95
and N-acetylamino sugars by paper chromatography using in the test the
supernatant secured by heating each sample for 10 minutes at 1000 C,
cooling, and centrifuging.
The greatest yields of 4-O-B 8-D-galacto 100 pyranosyl N acetyl
D-glucosarmine were obtained under conditions of anaerobic incubation
Under aerobic conditions the yield was somewhat reduced and the amount
of galactopyranosyl-N-acetyl D-glucosamine 105 somewhat larger
However, in all cases, the amount of inactive material was very small
being negligible under anaerobic incubation conditions.
Formation of the active disaccharide duil 110 ing incubation was
indicated by the regular increase in growth-promoting activity for
Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsyltanicus as expressed in growth units
per millilitre of the supernatant fluid assayed From an initial 115
activity of 6 units per miillilitre (due solely to the N-acetyl
D-glucosamine present), within 24 hours under conditions of anaerobic
incubation the activity increased to 30 units per millilitre and
remained at this figure 120 throughout the entire 48 hour incubation
period Under aerobic conditions the activity at the end of 24 hours
incubation had increased to 20 units per millilitre After 48 hours of

aerobic incubation the activity had 125 dropped only slightly below
the 20 units per millilitre value.
The concentration of the intact cells of L.
bifidus var pennsylvanicus in the reaction mixture did not affect
production of the 130 785,525 active compound unduly, as the same
amount of growth-promoting activity was secured when the cell
concentration was only 30 per cent of that initially tested Synthesis
occurred even when the cell concentration was only about 1 per ecnt of
that initially used.
EXAMPLE 2.
Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus cells were secured from 8
litres of culture medium and prepared as described in Example 1 Thesel
cells were then incubated for 24 hours in a liquid medium containing
16.5 grams of lactose (monohydrate) and 10 1 grams of
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine in 345 millilitres of M/15 phosphate buffer at
p H 5 4.
The phosphate buffer was a mixture of disodium orthophosphate and
dipotassium orthophosphate of approximately 01 molar concentration.
The digest was heated for one hour in an oven at 100 C and then
centrifuged The supernatant was concentrated at a reduced pressure
less than atmospheric to a volume of approximately 50 millilitres This
concenitrate was adsorbed on a column comprising 320 grams of
decolourising carbon and 160 grams of diatomaceous earth For the
decolourising carbon it was found convenient to use Norite A
(Pfanstiehl) and the diatomaceous earth was Celite 535 (Johns Manville
Corporation) ("Norite " and " Cellite" are Registered Trade Marks).
The column was then eluted with water and aqueous ethanol, the general
procedure followed being that described in the paper by Zilliken,
Smith, Rose and Gyoergy in Yournal Biol Chem, 208, page 299 ( 1954).
The eluates of the 7 5 % ethanol concentration were evaporated to
dryness at a reduced pressure less than atmospheric The amorphous
residue was dried under potassium pentoxide in a desiccator and then
dissolved in 80 millilitres of hot dry methanol The hot methanolic
solution was then filtered and allowed to stand at room temperature.
Crystallisation of square platelets began immediate and was completed
after a few hours standing at 50 C After recrystallisation of the
product from a minimum amount of dry methanol there was obtained 1 02
grams of the disaccharide, the yield being approximately 5 4 % A
sample of the product had a melting point of 172 V C (uncorrected); a
specific rotation of lXlD 2 ' + 27 80 (H 20;C= 1, equilibrium rotation
reached after 180 minutes) Extrapolated to zero time, the rotation was
lcalD + 51 2 The disaccharide crystallised with one mole of methanol
and analysis confirmed the empiric formula CIHH 2,0,,N CHOH Comparison
of the product by the mixed melting point method, and by

microbiological assay, with pure 4-Q-,8-D galactopyranosyl N acetyl
Dglucosamme as obtained from hog stomach mucin showed that the product
was identical with the known compound as secured from animal tissue.
The product was added as such and without further purification both to
foodstuffs which were deficient in, and to foodstuffs which were
totally lacking in, the L bifidus growth-promoting factor In this way
the resulting food products were analogous to human milk in that they
contained this important nutritional factor.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785526 (A)
Description: GB785526 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improved electric primary cell
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
DE1036344 (B) FR1161404 (A) NL111782 (C) US2806078 (A)
DE1036344 (B) FR1161404 (A) NL111782 (C) US2806078 (A) less

785,526 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June
28, 1956.
Application made in United States of America on Aug 8, 1955.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 53, BD 1 OC, BP( 1 A: 1 M: 2 B 1: 4 A: 4 B:
4 X).
International Classification:-H Olm.
Improved Electric Primary Cell We, THE Dow CHEMICAL Company, a
Corporation organised and existing under the Laws of the State of
Delaware, United States of America, of Midland, County of Midland,
State of Michigan, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the
method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved primary cell of the dry or
non-spillable type, and particularly to dry cells in which the anode
material is magnesium.
Dry cell formulations employing magnesium as the anode material are
disclosed in a paper by R C Kirk and A B Fry, "Magnesium Dry Cells",
published in the "Journal of Electrochemical Society", Vol 94, No 6,
pages 277 to 289, inclusive.
In making up magnesium primary cells, as mentioned in British Patent
Specification No.
669,256, "the usual procedure is to form the anode material into a cup
or 'battery can' which constitutes one of the electrodes of the cell
as well as the container holding the cathode elements and the
electrolyte The cathode mix consists of manganese dioxide having
intimately mixed with it usually between about 5 and 15 per cent of
finely divided carbon, such as acetylene black, by weight The mixture
is moistened with enough electrolyte to make it mouldable and the
mouldable mixture is formed into 'bobbins' around a central electrode
in the form of a rod of carbon or graphite These bobbins are usually
cylindrical mouldings somewhat smaller than the battery can and are
inserted into the cans after the cans are lined with starch paste of
gelled electrolyte or a porous non-conductor, such as cloth or paper,
to keep the bobbin from touching the can.
In some instances the cathode mix is introduced into the lined cans
without previously forming the cathode mix into a bobbin, the moulding
taking place in the lined can In lPrice 3 s 6 d l such instances,
after placing the cathode mix in the can the carbon or graphite rod is
pushed centrally into the cathode mix as the other electrode".
Similar dry cell formulations are disclosed 50 in British Patent

Specifications Nos 659367 and 659368 British Patent Specification No.
669256 discloses that in the cells having the foregoing formulations
the can lining may be dispensed with and the cathode mix may be 55
placed directly against the inside of the can or cup in assembling the
cell elements.
Dry cells formulated as above described (with or without lining the
can) are usually sealed at the top Sealing is accomplished by placing
60 a cardboard or similar porous dielectric washer in the top of the
can over the end of the carbon rod a short distance above the cathode
mix Then a layer of sealing compound, such as a rosin-base sealing
wax, coal tar or asphalt 65 pitch, is poured over the washer so as to
fill the annular space at the top of the can above the washer.
While dry cells made in the above described manner give excellent
performance, they are 70 not of the so-called leak-proof variety which
are in wide demand as flashlight batteries.
Also the use of a magnesium cup anode is uneconomical from the
standpoint of the bobbin size and amount of electrolyte con 75 tained
in the cell That is, an unbalance of materials exists because a can or
cup anode of the flashlight cell cannot hold enough cathode mix and
electrolyte to completely consume a cup-shaped extruded anode (of
sufficient wall 80 thickness to serve as a container for the cell)
during the useful life of the cell It is realized of course that the
anode cup should not be consumed if the cup is to be used as the
container of the cell However, using expensive 85 anode material both
as the cell container and as an anode is uneconomical.
To provide a better balance of materials in primary cells, it has been
suggested that a steel cup should replace the magnesium cup anode 90
No 20104/56.
_and a separate magnesium anode (made of sheet stock curved to
cylindrical form, for example) used The anode is of appropriate weight
and size to chemically match the cathode mix and electrolyte which are
inserted in the steel cup In such primary cells the anode material
serves the additional function of cathodically protecting the steel
cup or container of the battery (to which the anode is electrically
connected).
A principal object of this invention -is to provide an improved dry
cell of the so-called leak-proof variety which has a long-useful life,
high output voltage and efficiency and is economical to manufacture.
Another object of this invention is to provide improved means for the
prevention of undesirable corrosion of metal -parts of the cell.
In accordance with this invention, primary cells contained in steel
cups and having tubular magnesium -anodes in juxtaposition to the
walls:of-the cupaire provided with a grease or oil seal or coating
between the juxtaposed surfaesof the anodeand the cup The anode,

however,-is directly connected wvith the cup by means of at least one
weld.
The invention, as well as additi Qoal objects and advantages thereof,
will hest be understood svhen the-folloivrng detailed description is
read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a primary
cell made -in accordance withthis -invention, -and Figure 2 is a
fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale and in section,,of the lower
part of the cell-shown in Figure 1.
Referring to the drkawings, nhere is shown a primary -cell, indicated
generally by the numeral 10, comprising; a cath Qde electrode 12,
cathode;mix 14 including electrolyte, and a tubular shaped magnesium
anode -16 encased in a steel can 18 The -anode 16 is not in overall
direct conta=t -with-the can 18 although the anode-is welded to the
can, as at 20, in at least-on place.
In accordance wvith this invention, the bottom and sides ofthecan 18
are coated with-a nonhardening insulating oleaginous material -22,
such as grease or oil The grease or oil 22 extends at least to the top
38 of the anode 16.
The -cathode mix 14 is contained in a paper separator bag 24 which
fits -within the anodle 16 and rests-on the insulating material 22 at
the bottom ofthecan 18 The cathode electrode 12, which is a carbon or
graphite rod within the bag 24, isaxially-disposed with respect to the
can 18 The lower-end ofthe electroderod 12 lies against the -bottom of
the paper bag 14 and is insulated from the bottom 26 of the can or cup
18 by the hag-24 and the -coating 22 of grease or oil.
The top 28 of the-cathode terminal electrode 12 extends above the top
of -the:steel can 18 and is held in position by a somewhat hatshaped
cover plate 30 whose periphery or "brim" 32 extends to and is
insulated from the turaed-in upper end 34 of the steel can 18.
Insulation between the can 18 and cover plate is provided by a paper
ring or annulus 36 70 which separates the two parts.
The magnesium anode 16 extends about 3 of the length of the steel can
18.
The cathode mix 14 extends between the carbon rod 12 and the anode 16
The mix 14 75 is in direct contact with the carbon rod 12 but is
separated from direct contact with the anode 16 by the paper bag 24 in
which the mix is contained The cathode mix 14 extends to or near to
the top 38 of the anode 16, and the 80 upper wall 40 of the paper
separation bag 24 is turned in towards the carbon rod 12 to help
prevent the spilling of cathode mix 14 directly onto the anode 16.
A tar seal 42 is provided between the carbon 85 rod 12 and the steel
cup 18 An apertured paper washer 44 is fitted between the carbon rod
12 and the can 18 to provide the base on which the tar seal 42 is

poured A paper tab 46 extending upwardly from the washer 44 90 through
the tar seal 42 provides the means by which gas generated within the
cell 10, while current is drawn there from, is vented to the upper
portion of the cell which is not sealed in a gas-tight manner
Alternatively, a porous 95 carbon rod 12 may be used to vent gases
from the cell In such cases the cover plate 30 usually contains a
small aperture adjacent to the rod 12.
The volume between the top of the anode 16 and the seal 42 is needed
because gases may 100 be generated within the cell at a faster rate
than they may be vented through the tab 46.
The additional space between the tar seal 42 and the cover plate 30 is
provided in order that a specific cell dimension may be main 105
tailed, e g a standard length flashlight cell as established for zinc
anode type cells.
In order that two or more of-the cells 10 shall not short out when
connected in series in a metal cased flashlight, an insulating plastic
110 coating 48 is provided on the side walls and part of the ends of
the can 18 It should be emphasized that the insulating coating may be
dispensed with if the cells are to be used in parallel or even if
connected in series if the 115 cells are used in an electrically
non-conductive container.
Formulations of suitable electrolytes and dry mixes for dry cells
having magnesium for the anode material are dislcosed in the afore 120
mentioned British Patent Specifications Nos.
659367,-659368, 669256 and the cited paper by Kirk and Fry.
The anode 16 in a specific cell made in accordance wsith this
invention is composed of 125 AZ 3 l A alloy sheet of 030 wall
thickness rolled to form -a cylinder 1 25 inches in diameter and 1-5
inches high In addition to magnesium, AZ 31 A alloy contains nominally
3 per cent aluminium, 1 per cent zinc and about 15 per 130 785,526
cathodically protected by the remainder of the anode Good electrical
contact is thus main 50 tained between the anode and the steel cup
until the anode is substantially completely consumed.
Thus, primary cells made in accordance with this invention are
leak-proof, make efficient use 55 of the anode material to provide a
long useful life and are economical to manufacture.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p

* GB785527 (A)
Description: GB785527 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to apparatus for handling bituminous materials
P-ATENT S-P-E-C-I-FI-C-ATI-0 ON
785,527
|| H a Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 17,
1956.
H)No 22061156.
/Complete Specification Published: Oct30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 107, C.
International Classifieation:-E O lc.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for handling Bituminous
Materials ' I, WILLIAM JOSEPHMILLER, a Citizen of the United States
of America, of 3697 Oakwood Avenue, City of Youngstown, Mahoning
County, State of Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a Patent may be granted to me, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus and liquefying equipment usable in
handling asphalt and liquefying the same The apparatus is capable of
handling asphalt and similar bituminous materials which are originally
processed in a refinery and shipped to a point of use.
An object of the invention is the provision of apparatus for handling,
and liquefying asphalt so devised that it can be transported on a
portable basis, as, for example, to new locations, erected in a
minimum of time and with a minimum of effort and subsequently used for
handling containers of asphalt or the like, liquefying the asphalt in
the containers rapidly and effectively and temporarily holding the
liquefied asphalt.
A still further object of the invention is the provision of apparatus
for heating-and handlingasphalt in containers so that the same may be
quickly liquefied and removed therefrom-without damage to the

containers to permit the reuse thereof.
The apparatus for handling and liquefying asphalt as disclosed herein
is primarily intended for use at a remote point with respect to the
location of the asphalt source For example, in constructing various
air bases -and the like in remote parts of the world it has been
heretofore customary to ship asphalt in drums which were cutaway and
destroyed at the point of use in-order to remove the asphalttherefrom,
thereby considerably increasing the cost of the asphalt.
The present apparatus permits asphalt to be shipped in re-usable
containers which are inverted at the point of use by the apparatus
lPrice 3 s 6 d l disclosed, positioned in and on heating apparatus
that rapidly liquefies the complete contents of the containers and
thereby effects the speedy removal -of the-asphalt therefromand
without damaging the containers in -any 50 way.
In as much as a considerable volume of asphalt and similar bituminous
material is employed in making asphaltic concrete paveo ments in air
base and other constructions, the 55 solution of the problem of speedy
and in-.
expensive removal of asphalt frotu the shipping.
containers is important to the asphalt industry as well as the
successful construction of the projects themselves 60 The present
apparatus will effectively solvethe several problems in that
relatively inexpensive reusable containers are provided in which the
asphalt may be shipped from refinery to the point -of use and the
apparatus 65 disclosed in connection therewith is capable of
effectively and rapidly handling -the containers and liquefying the
asphalt therein for quickremoval therefrom The apparatus includes
relatively large containers -adapted for shipping 76and handling and
for inversion and positioning in and on the heating means provided
together with the apparatus for handling the containers -and means for
supplying a suitable heating -medium to the apparatus itself 75 i
According to the invention there -is provided apparatus for handling
and liquefying asphalt or the like, including a container having an
-access opening in the top thereof and means on said container for
receiving lifting devices,-an 80 elevated structure, a lifting and
inverting.
device on said structure for lifting said container, an open top
vessel and a heating coil positioned on the bottom of said vessel and
extending vertically within said vessel, a tanks 85 having a built-in
combustion chamber in saidstructure and comprising a -source of a
fluid heating medium for said heating coil, saidvessel being mounted
on said tank and above the same, said lifting and inverting device 90
acting to lift and invert said container and lower the same into said
vessel with said heating coil engaging the contents of said container

to liquefy the same.
In further accord with the invention there is provided asphalt
handling apparatus wherein the convolutions of the heat exchanger coil
are arranged in in-line relation to one another for engagement in said
access opening of said container.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood some embodiments
thereof will now be described, by way of example only, with reference
to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:Figure 1 is a front
view of the asphalt handling and liquefying apparatus, broken lines
illustrating an alternate position of the handling apparatus and
container and with parts broken away and parts in cross section; and
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 with
broken lines indicating the positioning of the container in an
alternate location.
By referring to the drawings it will be seen that a structural frame
including base members 10-10, portions of which are covered by ramps
11-11, serve to support a vertical frame structure 12-12 including
diagonally positioned bracing members 13-13 and horizontally
positioned frame members 14-14 arranged in a rectangle, the longer
sides of which comprise rails upon which a remotely controlled crane
15 is positioned for movement therealong.
The crane 15 includes spaced pairs of flanged wheels 16-16 The crane
15 also includes a winch having operating cables 17 and 18, the lower
ends of the cables 17 supporting a beam 19 which in turn is provided
with depending hooks 20-20 and the cable 18 has a hook 21 on its
lowermost end It will thus be seen that the crane 15 adapted for
travel along the rails of the rectangular frame members 14 is provided
with means for engaging, elevating and inverting a container 22.
The container 22 is essentially a cylindrical container having an
elongated opening 23 in its uppermost portion, the heads of the
container 22 being of modified rectangular shape and provided with
engagement means in the form of projecting bosses 24 on which the
hooks 20-20 may be attached The bottom of the container 22 is provided
with secondary engagement means comprising an apertured boss 25 in
which the hook 21 may be positioned, as best shown in Figure 1 of the
drawings.
It will be observed that the ramps 10 are so positioned that a tractor
trailer unit (the trailer of which is indicated by the numeral 26 and
the tractor by the numeral 27) may be driven thereon alongside the
frame structure 12, the trailer 26 being adapted to carry one or more
of the asphalt containers 22, as shown in broken lines thereon.
The crane 15 will thus be seen to be capable of engaging the container
22 on the trailer 26, lifting the container vertically in upright
position through the cables 17 and moving 70 the same sidewardly into

the area of the frame structure 12 where the container 22 may be
inverted, as shown in broken lines in Figure 1 of the drawings and in
solid lines in Figure 2 of the drawings, as by motion imparted by the
75 cable 18.
In order that the asphalt in the container 22 may be rapidly and
completely removed therefrom, a double walled open top vessel 28 is
provided within the area of the vertical 80 frame 12 for the reception
of the inverted container 22 and more particularly the asphaltic
contents thereof The vessel 28 is of a size greater than that of the
container 22 so that the same may be received therein when lowered 85
thereinto by the crane 15 The vessel 28 is mounted on and directly
supported by a hot oil tank 29 which is also positioned in the
framework of the vertical frame 12 and on the base members 10-10 90
The hot oil tank 29 comprises part of an oil heating and circulating
unit of a known kind.
Oil heating equipment such as used in the present disclosure comprises
the tank 29 in which a secondary smaller tank 30 is partially 95
positioned An end portion of the secondary smaller tank 30 extends
outwardly of the tank 29.
The tank 29 normally contains a fluid heating medium such as oil and
the secondary tank 100 contains a combustion chamber of a known kind,
and preferably includes a combination baffle and heat exchanger 31
positioned transversely of the secondary tank 30 between its upper and
lowermost portions and extending 105 inwardly thereof from the front
end thereof to a point spaced with respect to the rear end thereof.
The front wall of the secondary tank 30, which is positioned outwardly
of the end of 110 front wall of the tank 29 has a pair of vertically
spaced openings, the upper one of which is connected with a flue stack
32 and the lower one of which is connected with an oil burner 33 Thus,
products of combustion taking place 115 within the secondary tank 30
pass around the horizontally disposed heat exchanger 31 and into the
flue stack 32 The majority of the heat released by the combustion of
fuel within the combustion chamber defined by the 120 secondary tank
30 is transferred to the fluid heating medium within the combination
heat exchanger and baffle 31 and in the tank 29.
The tank 29 has supporting members 34 on its uppermost surface which
help to position 125 the vessel 28 thereon, it being observed that the
lowermost portion of the vessel 28 is of an arcuate shape
corresponding with the arcuate shape of the hot oil tank 29 so that
the vessel 28 is supported directly thereon 130 785,527 whereupon the
crane elevates the cable 18 and inverts the container 22 It will occur
to those skilled in the art that such covering members as have been
provided on the longitudinal opening 23 of the container 22 will have
been 70 previously removed.

The container 22 in inverted position above the vessel 28, as shown in
broken lines in Figure 1, is then lowered by the crane 15 so that the
upstanding heat exchanger coil 36 75 enters the opening 23 and
directly engages and liquefies the asphalt in the container 22.
The container settles rapidly into the vessel 28 with the heat
exchanger coil 36 upwardly into the container 22 80 The walls of the
vessel 28 correspond with the general shape of the container 22 and,
being hollow and heated, they serve to heat the walls of the container
22 both radiantly and by conduction so that all of the asphalt in the
85 container 22 is liquefied rapidly and drains outwardly into the
vessel 28 The crane 15 is then actuated to again elevate the container
22, still in inverted position, and the complete contents thereof are
thus readily removed 90 therefrom.
The container is then carried by the crane to an offside location
whence it may be re-shipped to the refinery for refilling The liquid
asphalt in the vessel 28 is then removed by way of 95 the valved
outlet 45 and additional contents may be rapidly handled and the
asphalt therein liquefied as just described.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p

5116 5120.output

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (15)

Similar to 5116 5120.output

Similar to 5116 5120.output (20)

More from j1075017

More from j1075017 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

5116 5120.output