3. Did you know?
Gum disease is a common dental
problem that may result in tooth
loss. Gingivitis and Periodontitis
are the most common types of
adult gum disease.
dr shabeel pn 3
5. Healthy teeth and gums are
maintained by daily plaque
removal from all surfaces of
the tooth (through tooth
brushing and interdental
cleaning)
dr shabeel pn 5
6. Healthy gums are characterized
by the following features:
• pink or coral pink color,
(normal variations in
color depend on race
and complexion)
• firm, resilient tissues
• 'orange-peel' texture
(known as stippling)
• shape that follows the
contour of the teeth and
forms a scalloped edge
• no areas of redness,
swelling or
inflammation
• no bleeding during
daily plaque removal
• no discomfort
dr shabeel pn 6
9. WHAT IS GINGIVITIS ?
• Gingivitis is inflammation of the gum tissue.
• The gums are irritated and swollen due to a plaque
or calculus (tartar) buildup along the gum line.
• The gums may be sore, bleed easily and appear
puffy, soft and swollen.
dr shabeel pn 9
10. WHAT IS GINGIVITIS ?
• No bone structure is lost around the teeth at this
stage of gum disease.
• Blood on the toothbrush or dental floss is one of the
earliest and most common signs of gingivitis.
• Your gums should never bleed while brushing or
flossing.
• The good news about gingivitis is that it is
preventable and reversible through good brushing
and flossing techniques (or other interdental tooth
cleansing).
• On the other hand, if oral hygiene habits are poor,
gingivitis may progress to periodontitis.
dr shabeel pn 10
12. WHAT IS PERIODONTAL
DISEASE?
• Periodontal disease is destruction of
bone and the structures supporting the
teeth. Unfortunately periodontitis is
irreversible, but you can stop its
progression through good oral hygiene
and visiting your dental professional.
dr shabeel pn 12
13. Eight Warning Signs of
Periodontal Disease:
• gums that bleed when
you brush or floss your
teeth
• gums that are red,
swollen or tender
• gums that have pulled
away from teeth
• infection including
purulence (pus) between
the teeth and gums when
the gums are pressed
• permanent teeth that
are loose or separating
• any changes in the way
your teeth fit together
when you bite
• any changes in the fit of
your partial denture
• bad breath
• itchy sensation
dr shabeel pn 13
15. EARLY AND MODERATE
PERIODONTITIS:
• Periodontitis occurs when the
inflammation of the gums progresses
into the deeper underlying structures
and bone.
• In the most common form of
periodontitis, plaque (and sometimes
calculus) is found below the gum line.
• The gums may feel irritated, appear
bright red, and bleed easily.
dr shabeel pn 15
16. EARLY AND MODERATE
PERIODONTITIS:
• The ligaments holding the tooth in its
socket break down and the gums pull
away from the teeth, resulting in a
periodontal pocket or space between
the tooth and gum.
• The periodontal pocket deepens and
fills with more bacteria. Supportive
ligaments and bone start to show
damage.
dr shabeel pn 16
20. ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS:
• When periodontitis progresses to the
advanced stage, the gums severely
recede (pull away from the tooth );
pockets deepen and may be filled with
pus.
dr shabeel pn 20
21. Advanced Periodontitis
• There may be swelling around the root
and you may experience sensitivity to
hot or cold or feel pain when brushing
your teeth. This is due to the severely
receding gums exposing the root
surface.
dr shabeel pn 21
22. Advanced Periodontitis
• As bone loss increases, your teeth may
lose so much support that they need to
be removed to preserve the overall
health of your mouth.
dr shabeel pn 22
51. Pharmacological Intervention
• Periochip (cholorhexidine, and
bacteriocidal drug)
• Atridox (doxycycline antibiotic, a form of
tetracycline)
• Arestin (minocycline antibiotic, a form of
tetracycline)
dr shabeel pn 51