Towards Sustainability: Partnerships and Finance The PEMSEA Experience
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It is increasingly recognized that no single country,donor, agency or any individual effort can effectively resolve the environmental management problems of today including those of the coastal and marine environment.
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Towards Sustainability: Partnerships and Finance The PEMSEA Experience
- 1. Towards Sustainability: Partnerships and Finance The PEMSEA Experience Chua Thia-Eng
- 2. Sustaining Environmental Management Efforts Partnerships Frameworks and platforms for collective action Capacity Sustained financial resources
- 3. Building Partnerships in Environmental Management It is increasingly recognized that no single country, donor, agency or any individual effort can effectively resolve the environmental management problems of today including those of the coastal and marine environment. Intergovernmental, inter-agency and inter-sectoral partnerships are key solutions to most environmental management problems encountered.
- 4. Types of Partnerships Intergovernmental Interagency Intersectoral
- 5. Understanding Partnership An agreement to work together to achieve common objectives Dynamic process: a beginning and an end Managed relationship Time and patience Requires nourishing and reassurance Built on mutual interest and trust
- 6. Partnership and Participation Share common objective: shared vision A partner should Share benefits: expertise, knowledge, financial resources Share risks: uncertainties, failures Involved and informed Participating in major decision-making Understand the objective, process and targets
- 7. Factors Driving Partnerships Transboundary environmental impacts Potential safety or environmental risks Donor/project driven partnerships Perceived needs for collective actions
- 8. PEMSEA’s Experience in Building Partnerships and Sustainability Building partnerships at the local level Partnerships at work Building intergovernmental partnerships
- 9. Building Partners at the Local Level by Applying Integrated Coastal Management The ICM Development and Implementation Cycle
- 10. ICM Framework and Process Builds Partnerships Preparing Refining & Consolidating Implementing Adopting Developing Initiating 11 22 33 44 55 66 Policymakers Scientists Civil society Communities Private sector NGOs Media Donors
- 11. The ICM Framework Organizational Institutional arrangements Legislative Enforcement
- 12. The ICM Framework Coastal profiling Technical Support Risk assessment and risk management Natural resource damage assessment and valuation Policy analysis Data gathering and information management Environmental investment analysis Sea use zoning
- 13. The ICM Framework Technical knowledge Capacity building Management and technical capability Leadership Project development and management Financial management
- 14. The ICM Framework Development and implementation of communication plans Communication Public awareness Stakeholders participation
- 15. The ICM Framework Policy reform Development and implementation of coastal strategy Strategies and action programs Implementing strategies
- 16. The ICM Framework Awareness campaign Adoption and implementation of programs of actions Work plan and budget
- 17. The ICM Framework Performance indicators Monitoring and evaluation Evaluation process Monitoring changes
- 18. The ICM Framework and Process Allow the identification and involvement of a variety of stakeholders and partners Enable the participation of partners at different stages of the ICM cycle Allow time for maturing of partnership arrangement Allow changing of unsuccessful partnership
- 19. Partnerships at Work Interagency and Intersectoral Partnerships
- 21. ICM Institutional Mechanism in Batangas, Philippines Batangas Bay Council for ICM BCRMF PG-ENRO MG-ENRO Provincial Governor’s office Coastal city/ municipalities Provincial Development Council Municipal Development Council Coastal municipalities
- 22. Institutional Arrangements for Strategy Implementation in Danang, Vietnam People’s Committee of Danang City ICM Project Coordinating Committee Central Government ICM Project Management Office Multi-disciplinary Technical Advisory Groups Sectors/ Departments Research and Academic institutions Consulting and investment agency Civil associations Districts and communes Private sector
- 23. Coastal Strategy Coastal Strategy of Danang City Danang 2001 October 2001 Manila Bay Coastal Strategy
- 24. Coastal Strategy Consultative process favors stakeholders/partners participation Shared vision Long-term strategic approach ensures focus and concerted efforts to effect change Enables partnership building
- 26. Interagency Partnerships – Forging Interagency Cooperation Institutional Arrangements Response Compensation/ Restoration Risk Assessment Environmental Monitoring Capacity Building Environmental Management Framework
- 27. Partnerships in ICM Training MOA between PEMSEA and Municipal Government ofMOA between PEMSEA and Municipal Government of Xiamen, in collaboration with Xiamen University andXiamen, in collaboration with Xiamen University and State Oceanic AdministrationState Oceanic Administration PEMSEA Regional Center for Coastal and MarinePEMSEA Regional Center for Coastal and Marine ManagementManagement
- 28. Partnership with Business Communities Promotes corporate responsibility Sharing knowledge and expertise (e.g., oil spill response Environmental investment Promotes compliance with environmental instruments
- 29. Inter-sectoral Partnerships • Bataan Coastal Care Foundation – 18 national and multi-national corporations • Batangas Coastal Resources Management Foundation, Inc. – 21 corporations • Manila Bay – 12 major industries and business associations signed the Manila Bay Declaration PromotingPromoting corporatecorporate responsibilityresponsibility
- 30. Partnerships in Environmental Monitoring in Xiamen Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration Environmental Monitoring Station of Xiamen Environmental Research Center of Xiamen University Monitoring Stations of Fujian Fishery Institute Fujian Oceanography Research Institute Monitoring Station of Xiamen Port
- 31. Building Alliance Towards Intergovernmental Partnerships Declaration Regional strategic framework
- 32. Intergovernmental Partnerships Bohai Sea Declaration – commitmentBohai Sea Declaration – commitment of 3 provincial and 1 city governmentof 3 provincial and 1 city government to cooperateto cooperate Manila Bay Declaration –Manila Bay Declaration – commitment of 4 provincial and onecommitment of 4 provincial and one metropolitan government tometropolitan government to cooperatecooperate Bohai Sea Declaration – commitmentBohai Sea Declaration – commitment of 3 provincial and 1 city governmentof 3 provincial and 1 city government to cooperateto cooperate Manila Bay Declaration –Manila Bay Declaration – commitment of 4 provincial and onecommitment of 4 provincial and one metropolitan government tometropolitan government to cooperatecooperate Development of shared visions,Development of shared visions, strategies and action plansstrategies and action plans Identification of environmental issues Endorsement of required actions from various stakeholders October 2001 Manila Bay Coastal Strategy
- 33. PEMSEA Programme Steering Committee Country participation 1996 – 11 countries1996 – 11 countries 1999 – 11 countries1999 – 11 countries 2002 – 12 countries2002 – 12 countries 1995 - 10 countries1995 - 10 countries 1994 - 5 countries1994 - 5 countries Funding from governments 1999 - 3.3 million USD1999 - 3.3 million USD 2001 - 8.4 million USD2001 - 8.4 million USD 2002 - 8.9 million USD2002 - 8.9 million USD
- 34. Regional Network of Local Governments Shihwa RNLG
- 35. Strategic Framework at the Regional Level Sustainable Development StrategySustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asiafor the Seas of East Asia • 5 strategies • 20 action objectives • 212 programs of actions
- 36. SDS-SEA: A Strategic Framework for Achieving a Shared Vision
- 37. Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia Promotes regional cooperation for addressing environmental relationships across national boundaries Harmonize interactions and enhance synergies between economic development and environmental management Reinforces relationships between a healthy environment and social issues such as poverty alleviation, food security, employment and human health. Provides platform for partnerships among countries of the region, the private sector, NGOs, academe, local communities and other members of the civil society and UN international agencies.
- 38. River Basins Draining into the East Asian Seas The river basins that are associated with the EAS cover a total area of 6.25 million km2 and accommodate about 1.5 billion people. The EAS serves as the catchment area of the associated upstream river basins. Partnership should therefore extend towards the river basins of the region.
- 39. National Efforts Towards Coastal and Ocean Governance Ocean Agenda 21 (China, South Korea) Institutional reforms Coastal policy (Malaysia, in preparation) National coastal/marine policy and strategy (Philippines, in preparation) Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs (RO Korea and Indonesia) ICM legislation (RO Korea) Sea use legislation (China)
- 40. Regional Coordinating Mechanisms for the Implementation of the SDS-SEA Intergovernmental partnerships Regional Financing Mechanism for the Implementation of SDS-SEA Multi-sector partnerships
- 41. Financing Environmental Management Public sector Private sector (BOT, BOO) Public private sector partnership Polluters pay and permit system Carbon credit Methane credit Wetland trading Others
- 42. Public Funds for Environmental Management Subsidized sanitation and water supply facilities Integrated cost of action programs into national or local government budget (e.g., most governments)
- 43. Polluters Pay and Use Permit System Sea use zoning Permit system Xiamen, China
- 44. Public Private Sector Partnerships Environmental problemsEnvironmental problems Pollution Siltation and sedimentation Habitat degradation etc. Investment opportunitiesInvestment opportunities Solid waste management facility Sewerage system Wastewater treatment Toxic and hazardous waste facility Shore reception facility Awareness and consensus among government units and stakeholders Instituting policy and regulatory framework Creating environmental investment opportunities
- 45. Public Private Sector Partnership Investor / Contractor ‘Private Sector’ Municipality ‘Public Sector’ Local Contractors and Suppliers Financial Investors New Company (PPP) shared risk – shared rewardsshared risk – shared rewards
- 46. New Challenges: WSSD Building a stronger Public Private Sector Partnerships appears to be the biggest challenge in the future in achieving the Millennium Development Goal and targets set by WSSD. The new challenge lies in how we can effectively transform environmental problems from being a public liability into economic opportunities. The role of the private sector cannot be underestimated.
Editor's Notes
- Marine environmental degradation is often a result of inefficient management of the multiple uses of the coastal and marine areas. Inadequacy in environmental planning at local and national levels, coupled with policy, institutional and enforcement failures are key contributing factors. Remedial measures are often expensive and may take up as much as 0.8 to 1 per cent of the national gross domestic product (World Bank 1998). The direct cause, however, is the lack of needed capacity especially at the local level to plan and manage their natural resources. The lack of political will is often blamed for most environmental failures, but the inability to link economic and social benefits to environmental management often makes environmental issues low in the political and economic agenda of most countries.
- Marine environmental degradation is often a result of inefficient management of the multiple uses of the coastal and marine areas. Inadequacy in environmental planning at local and national levels, coupled with policy, institutional and enforcement failures are key contributing factors. Remedial measures are often expensive and may take up as much as 0.8 to 1 per cent of the national gross domestic product (World Bank 1998). The direct cause, however, is the lack of needed capacity especially at the local level to plan and manage their natural resources. The lack of political will is often blamed for most environmental failures, but the inability to link economic and social benefits to environmental management often makes environmental issues low in the political and economic agenda of most countries.
- Marine environmental degradation is often a result of inefficient management of the multiple uses of the coastal and marine areas. Inadequacy in environmental planning at local and national levels, coupled with policy, institutional and enforcement failures are key contributing factors. Remedial measures are often expensive and may take up as much as 0.8 to 1 per cent of the national gross domestic product (World Bank 1998). The direct cause, however, is the lack of needed capacity especially at the local level to plan and manage their natural resources. The lack of political will is often blamed for most environmental failures, but the inability to link economic and social benefits to environmental management often makes environmental issues low in the political and economic agenda of most countries.
- In Xiamen University, China, the active involvement of multi-disciplinary experts in the Xiamen ICM project has resulted in developing a pool of multidisciplinary expertise and experience upon which the university bases its national training program to promote coastal management for the country. An MOA was signed with the Municipal Government of Xiamen (July 2001) establishing a PEMSEA Regional Center for ICM, in collaboration with the Xiamen University and the State Oceanic Administration. The Center will undertake ICM training activities to help build regional capacity.
- Marine environmental degradation is often a result of inefficient management of the multiple uses of the coastal and marine areas. Inadequacy in environmental planning at local and national levels, coupled with policy, institutional and enforcement failures are key contributing factors. Remedial measures are often expensive and may take up as much as 0.8 to 1 per cent of the national gross domestic product (World Bank 1998). The direct cause, however, is the lack of needed capacity especially at the local level to plan and manage their natural resources. The lack of political will is often blamed for most environmental failures, but the inability to link economic and social benefits to environmental management often makes environmental issues low in the political and economic agenda of most countries.
- Changes arising from implementation of the Strategy will be documented and assessed. Further refinement is done through integrated environmental monitoring and reporting, scientific research and South-South cooperation. These measures do not only advance knowledge of ecosystem management but also provides inputs to sustainable economic development, innovations, practices and technologies at the national and local levels.
- Marine environmental degradation is often a result of inefficient management of the multiple uses of the coastal and marine areas. Inadequacy in environmental planning at local and national levels, coupled with policy, institutional and enforcement failures are key contributing factors. Remedial measures are often expensive and may take up as much as 0.8 to 1 per cent of the national gross domestic product (World Bank 1998). The direct cause, however, is the lack of needed capacity especially at the local level to plan and manage their natural resources. The lack of political will is often blamed for most environmental failures, but the inability to link economic and social benefits to environmental management often makes environmental issues low in the political and economic agenda of most countries.
- Marine environmental degradation is often a result of inefficient management of the multiple uses of the coastal and marine areas. Inadequacy in environmental planning at local and national levels, coupled with policy, institutional and enforcement failures are key contributing factors. Remedial measures are often expensive and may take up as much as 0.8 to 1 per cent of the national gross domestic product (World Bank 1998). The direct cause, however, is the lack of needed capacity especially at the local level to plan and manage their natural resources. The lack of political will is often blamed for most environmental failures, but the inability to link economic and social benefits to environmental management often makes environmental issues low in the political and economic agenda of most countries.