Stefan Nicolau Romania Agricultural Pollution Control Project Includes consideration of proxies…

1. ROMANIA
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
CONTROL PROJECT
Project Management Unit
Moldova, Chisinau, October 3, 2006

2. Use of PROXI methods for measuring results of
Agricultural Pollution Control Project, implemented
in Calarasi, Romania

4. Project Financing Sources
Total value: USD 10.8 mil. out of which:
• USD 5.15 mil. World Bank from GEF funds;
• USD 1.86 mil. Government of Romania;
• USD 0.29 mil. Calarasi County Council;
• USD 1.00 mil. from the governmental
“Agricultural Support Services” Project;
• USD 2.50 mil. (in kind) by direct beneficiaries.

5. Project Interventions
• Investments
– Manure Management
– Windbreak/Shelter belts
– Riparian Buffers
– Nutrient Management Plans
– Wellhead Protection
– Grazing Management
– Conservation Tillage
• Training and Technical Assistance
• Public Awareness

6. Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:
At household level:
Inappropriate manure
storage
Lack off or bad
conditions of the
concrete slab
protecting the water
well against direct
infiltrations
Aggravating factors:

7. Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:
At commune level:
Inappropriate manure
disposal

8. Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:
At commune level:
Inappropriate manure
disposal
Grazing of animals
on soil erosion
prone areas
Large areas of
slopped land draining
into watercourses
Temporary housing
near watercourses

9. Project Interventions
At household level
Individual Platforms
Plastic Bins for waste
segregation

10. Project Interventions
At household level
At commune level
Reclamation of former
unauthorized manure
storages
Construction and
operation of manure
storage and composting
facilities

11. Project Interventions
At commune level
Demonstrations of
well head
rehabilitation

12. Project Interventions
At commune level
Riparian Buffers with
forest vegetation
Windbreaks,
Shelterbelts

13. Project Interventions
At commune level
Riparian Buffers with
forest vegetation
Windbreaks,
Shelterbelts
Grazing Management

15. Nitrate concentration in Piezometers
Piezometer P5
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
01.09.03
01.11.03
01.01.04
01.03.04
01.05.04
01.07.04
01.09.04
01.11.04
01.01.05
01.03.05
01.05.05
01.07.05
01.09.05
01.11.05
01.01.06
01.03.06
01.05.06
01.07.06
Testing Date
NO3-mg/l
NO3
Piezometer P8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
01.09.03
01.11.03
01.01.04
01.03.04
01.05.04
01.07.04
01.09.04
01.11.04
01.01.05
01.03.05
01.05.05
01.07.05
01.09.05
01.11.05
01.01.06
01.03.06
01.05.06
01.07.06
Testing Date
NO3-mg/l
NO3

16. Drinking water quality
Water Well C18
0.000
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
24.11.03
24.01.04
24.03.04
24.05.04
24.07.04
24.09.04
24.11.04
24.01.05
24.03.05
24.05.05
24.07.05
24.09.05
24.11.05
24.01.06
24.03.06
Testing Date
NO3-mg/l
NO3

17. Measuring results of nutrient pollution control interventions
• Monitoring the nutrients concentration into the surface and ground water at
representative sampling stations and review of eutrophic state of the surface
waters at regular intervals.
• Use of PROXI methods.

18. Measuring nutrients concentration into the ground and
surface waters
Strong points:
– It shows the actual quality of the ground and surface waters at
designated measuring stations.
Weak points:
– The existing sampling stations could be not representative for project
interventions.
– The frequency of measurements could not catch stochastic events as
storm rains, snow melting or variable factors as fertilizers or manure
applications.
– The trend of nutrient concentration does not reflect only the project
interventions.
– It is expensive.

19. Why use the PROXI methods?
• Are based on extensive scientific research.
• Allow assessment of total results of a variety of diverse interventions.
• Are cheap and offer good accuracy.
• Allow for quantitative estimate in terms of nutrient pollution reduction using
the survey results.
• Allow for forecasting of results of new projects implementing the same
nutrient pollution control interventions.

20. Reduction of nutrients loss into the ground and surface waters due to
appropriate manure management

21. Before Project (Year 2000)
Total
manure
(tons):
Of which:
Use Comments
% tons
80,184
2 1,604
As fertilizers in the back yard
vegetable garden
Good practice,
reduced looses
98 78,850
Mixed with household waste
and dumped in unauthorized
places
The entire quantity
of nutrients is lost
Nutrients
(kg/t)
N P K
6 3.5 8
Nutrients in fresh manure

22. We can assume that about 20% of the nutrients in the manure used as fertilizer in the
back yard vegetable garden is lost and 100% of nutrients from fresh dumped manure are
leached into water.
With these figures, the nutrients subject to leaching into ground and surface waters are:
N (t/year) P (t/year) K (t/year)
Nutrient subject to
leaching from the
dumped manure
(78,580 t)
471.48 275.03 628.64
Nutrient subject to
leaching from manure
(1,604 t), used as
fertilizer
1.92 1.12 2.57
Total nutrients
subject to leaching in
the Project area
473.41 276.15 631.21

23. Commune
Manure collected from farmers
(tons)
Manure applied on agricultural fields
(tons)
Al. Odobescu 3,200 2,900
Ciocanesti 4,100 3,800
Cuza Voda 2,800 2,400
Gradistea 9,400 8,900
Independenta 3,500 2,000
Valcelele 3,500 2,000
Vlad Tepes 2,200 950
Total 28,700 22,950
During the year 2005, the communes reported the collection, composting
and use as fertilizer of the following manure quantities:

24. Year 2005 (Project year 4)
Total
manure
(tons):
Of which:
Use Comments
% tons
80,184
5 4,009
As fertilizers in the back yard
vegetable garden
Good practice,
reduced looses
29 22,950
Manure spreaded as fertilizer
on agricultural lands
Good practice.
Only the nutrients
that are not
available to plants
are lost
66 53,225
Unmanaged manure, source
of pollution, due to the
inappropriate behavior of
some farmers
The entire quantity
of nutrients is lost
Assuming that the quantity of manure produced each year is almost the same
as at the Project preparation (the same structure and number of animals),
during the year 2005, the use of the manure was as follows:

25. In a normal rotation of maize-sunflower-wheat-wheat, the nutrients from one
tone of composted manure is used as follows
N P K
Nutrients available
to plants (kg/t) 3.15 3.25 5.5
Nutrients subject to
leaching (kg/t) 2.85 0.25 2.5

26. With these figures, the potential discharge of nutrients from produced manure
was as follows:
N (t/year) P (t/year) K (t/year)
Nutrient subject to
leaching from manure
(4,009 t), used as
fertilizer
4.81 2.81 6.41
Nutrients subject to
leaching from the
manure (22,950 t)
applied on fields as
fertilizer
65.41 5.74 57.38
Nutrients subject to
leaching from the
dumped manure
(53,225 t)
319.35 186.29 425.80
Total nutrients
subject to leaching in
the Project area
389.57 194.83 489.59

27. Reduction of nutrients discharge:
N (t/year) P (t/year) K (t/year)
Nutrients subject to
leaching WITHOUT
PROJECT (t/year)
473.41 276.15 631.21
Nutrients subject to
leaching PY4 - 2005
(t/year)
389.57 194.83 489.59
Reduction of
nutrients discharge
into the ground and
surface waters in year
2005 (t/year)
83.84 81.32 141.62

28. The quantity of nutrients supplied with the manure (22,950 tons), applied as
fertilizer are:
Nutrients supplied
with the applied
manure (tons)
N P K
72.29 74.59 126.23
Therefore, for the same targeted yields, the quantity of the mineral fertilizers
usually applied can be reduced with the amount supplied with the applied
manure.

29. Reduction due to adoption of the environment-friendly agricultural practices
demonstrated by the Project:
According with the data received from the Direction for Agriculture and Rural Development
Calarasi (DADR), the quantities of nutrients from factory made fertilizers applied in the year
2005, in the Project area, were as follows:
Commune
From factory made fertilizers
N (t) P (t) K (t)
Al. Odobescu 17 10 3
Ciocanesti 186 6 0
Cuza Voda 939 925 0
Gradistea 261 40 0
Independenta 398 275 0
Valcelele 351 219 0
Vlad Tepes 85 0 0
Total 2,237 1,475 3

30. Assuming that in the case of the conventional agriculture, 20% of the applied nutrients
are lost by leaching, the quantities discharged into waters are:
Nutrients subject to leaching
WITHOUT PROJECT (t/year)
From factory made fertilizers
N (t) P (t) K (t)
447 295 0.6
Assuming the reduction of nutrients discharge with 10% as result of the adoption of
environment-friendly agricultural practices demonstrated by the Project and the adoption of
the Code of Good Agricultural Practices:
Reduction of nutrients
discharge into the ground and
surface waters in year 2005
(t/year)
From factory made fertilizers
N (t) P (t) K (t)
44.7 29.5 0.06

31. Total reduction of the nutrients discharge into the waters in the Project area,
year 2005, as result of project interventions:
Reduction of nutrients
discharge into the ground and
surface waters in year 2005
(t/year)
From manure and factory made fertilizers
N (t) P (t) K (t)
128.6 110.8 141.7

32. Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
Project Management Unit “Agricultural Pollution Control”
Tel: 0242.331.614; 0741.242.001; 021.317.04.03;Fax: 0242.331.619; E-mail: office@apcp.ro; www.apcp.ro