Летняя практика DataArt & ПММ 2016

1. Introduction to Apple  iOS
development
Nikita Korchagin

2. Introduction to Apple Platforms
development
Nikita Korchagin
Apple platforms engineer

3. Developer

4. Developer

6. Today
•Introduction
•Brief history of iOS and Apple devices
•Starting iOS programming
•iOS development
•Desktop vs. Mobile: what’s different
•Human Interface Guidelines
•Further steps: materials to read

7. iOS History: from past to present

8. 2007 - iPhone OS 1
• Based on Darwin’s (XNU) kernel port
for ARM
• Multitouch screen
• Few standard applications
• iPhone 1st gen and iPod Touch 1st
gen
• Web-based applications only
• No multitasking
• No SDK
• Usage of private APIs by third-party
developers

9. 2008 - iPhone OS 2
•Paid update (all further major and
minor updates are free)
•First version of iPhone SDK
•Xcode IDE for iOS development
•App Store for iPhone and iPod Touch
•iPod Touch 2G released

10. 2009 - iPhone OS 3
•Lots of UI & functionality
improvements (100+)
•Spotlight search
•Push notifications
•In-app purchase
•Core Data
•«Find my iPhone»
functionality

11. January 2010 - iPhone OS 3.2
•iPad released
•iPhone OS SDK provides abilities
to create universal applications
•iPad applications should support
multiple device orientations
•iPad-only UI components - Split
view controllers, windowed
modal controllers, popover
controllers
•Backward compatibility with
iPhone applications

12. June 2010 - WWDC - iOS 4
•iPhone OS became iOS
•iPhone 4 with Retina display
•Support of restricted
multitasking
•Background execution of
applications
•Blocks and Grand Central
Dispatch
•Local notifications
•Game Center and Game Kit

13. June 2011 - WWDC - iOS 5
•Wireless updates & sync
•iCloud
•Notification center
•Siri
•Containment API
•Automatic Reference Counting
(ARC)
•Twitter integration out-of-box
•Newsstand API
•Core Image

14. June 2012 - WWDC - iOS 6
•Apple Maps
•Collection views
•AutoLayout
•Facebook integration
•Passbook
•New App Store

15. June 2013 - WWDC - iOS 7
•iOS redesigned (flat UI, no
skeuomorphism)
•iTunes Radio
•Multitasking improvements
•New application switcher
•Filters for camera
•Automatic applications’ updates

16. June 2014 - WWDC - iOS8
•No significant design changes
•Multiple screen resolutions
•HomeKit and HealthKit, Metal
•Continuity
•Energy consumption by apps
•Swift programming language

17. June 2015 - WWDC - iOS9
•Multitasking (Slide Over, Split View,
and Picture in Picture.)
•Search API
•GameplayKit, ReplayKit, Model I/O
•App Thinning
•Swift 2
•watchOS 2 (app extensions)*

18. June 2016 - WWDC - iOS10
•SiriKit, CallKit, Messages extensions
•Proactive Suggestions
•Video Subscriber Account (SSO)
•Swift 3
•macOS Sierra
•watchOS 3
•tvOS (9 september 2015)*, UIKit/TVML

19. How to start to develop for iOS?

20. Jedi way
•Intel-based Mac (Mac Mini, MacBook Air/Pro, iMac, Mac Pro)
•Installed macOS
•Xcode with latest iOS SDK
•Apple device (iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad/ watch/ TV)*
•Apple Developer program account ($99 per 1 year)*
•Good knowledge of design patterns
•Objective-C and Swift knowledge OR
•Relevant experience in C or any strong-typed object-oriented
language like Java/C#/C++

21. Alternative ways
•Alternative IDE - AppCode (Mac, still requires Xcode to
be installed)
•Objective-C++ (kernel - C++, UI - Objective-C)
•PhoneGap/Titanium (cross-platform)
•Xamarin (.NET/C# - compiles to native code)
•C++ Marmalade SDK for Visual Studio
•Unity3D/Cocos2D-x for game development
•HTML5/CSS3/JavaScript for web applications

22. Objective-C

23. •Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming
language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C
programming language.
•Originally developed in the early 1980s, it was selected as the
main language used by NeXT for its NeXTSTEP operating system.
•Objective-C is a thin layer on top of C, and moreover is a strict
superset of C.
Objective-C

24. •All of the syntax for non-object-oriented operations (including
primitive variables, pre-processing, expressions, function
declarations, and function calls) are identical to that of C.
•Syntax for object-oriented features is an implementation of
Smalltalk-style messaging.
•It is the main programming language used by Apple until 2014.
•Still strong and alive…
Objective-C

26. Swift

27. •Swift is a multi-paradigm, compiled programming language
created by Apple Inc. for iOS and OS X development.
•Swift was introduced at Apple's 2014 WWDC and Swift 3 at WWDC
2016.
•Initially a proprietary language, Swift 2 became open source
supporting iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, Linux, freeBSD, Raspberry
Pi, Android and Windows.
•Swift supports the core concepts that made Obj-C flexible,
notably dynamic dispatch, widespread late binding, extensible
programming and similar features.
Swift

28. •It uses the Objective-C runtime, allowing C, Objective-C, C++ and
Swift code to run within a single program.
•Swift has added the concept of protocol extensibility, an
extensibility system that can be applied to types, structs and
classes, Apple promotes this as a real change in programming
paradigms they refer to as protocol-oriented programming.
•Going Server-side with Swift Open Source (#1 on GitHub)
•Swift@IBM Breaking down barriers between client and server all
over the world (Kitura framework, Sandbox, Bluemix)
Swift

30. Desktop vs. Mobile

31. What’s different?
•Multitouch display & gestures
•Front and rear camera
•Speakers and microphone
•Location subsystem - GPS/GLONASS
•Magnetometer and compass
•G-sensor and accelerometer
•Bluetooth accessories

32. Network
•Variants of connection
•GPRS
•EDGE
•3G/4G
•WiFi
•All these opportunities (except WiFi) are connection-
lost-prone
•Cellular network connection is expensive

33. Screens
•Fullscreen applications
•Bigger UI elements for fingers
•Dark colors to reduce energy consumption
•Different resolutions (x1, x2 and x3)
•Assets for different resolutions
•Ergonomics

34. Resources
•Every heavy application dramatically drains battery’s life
•Geolocation - GPS
•Networking
•Disk capacity is limited (8/16/32/64/… GB and no SD/
microSD slot)
•Restricted multitasking (full introduced in iOS 7)
•Only a few types of content are supported
•UI is rendered using real-time thread and shouldn’t be
blocked ever

35. Security mechanisms
•Sandboxing - every application is isolated and runs under
restricted user’s account («jailed»)
•IPC is limited to URL schemas and extensions
•Personal data and passwords should be encrypted (Keychain) or
not stored on the device at all
•HTTPS connections are preferred*; certificate validation is needed
•Data on disk can be encrypted and protected by iOS
•Group policies can be established for iOS devices using
configuration profiles

36. Creating and submitting the app
•Application should be tested thoroughly; crashes are forbidden
•Application should follow Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines
•Private API usage is forbidden
•Application can be deployed only to the device which is in the
provisioning list
•Application’s binary is signed using developer’s private key
•Application is thoroughly tested during review process

37. Human Interface Guidelines

38. HIG

39. HIG

40. HIG

41. HIG

42. Bad UI/UX

43. Bad UI/UX

44. Bad UI/UX

45. Bad UI/UX

46. Tablets specific UI

47. Accessibility

48. Good UI/UX

49. Interface Builder HIG support

50. flat UI vs. skeuomorphism

51. Further steps

52. Q&A

53. Thanks for your attention!