The document describes the process of aerobic respiration which occurs in four phases: glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain (ETC). Glycolysis involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate with production of ATP and NADH. In the oxidation of pyruvate phase, pyruvate enters the mitochondria and undergoes oxidation. The Krebs cycle further oxidizes acetyl groups from pyruvate completely, producing CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Finally, in the ETC, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed through electron carriers culminating in oxygen and driving ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation.

1. •Catabolic process
•Complete oxidation of glucose into CO2 and H2O.
•Respiratory pathway in most of the organism.
Aerobic Respiration

2. •Completes in 4 phases:
1. Glycolysis
2. Oxidation of pyruvate
3. Krebs cycle
4. ETC
Aerobic Respiration

3. GLYCOLYSIS

4. •Also called EMP, because discovered by 3 germen scientists.
•Occurs in cytoplasm.
•10 step process
•Breakdown of hexose sugar into 2 pyruvates releasing
ATP and reduced NADH.
1. Glycolysis

5. •Completes in 2 phases;
A. Preparatory (2 ATP consume, yields 2 G3p/PGAL)
B. Oxidative (2 ATP and NADH produce)
1. Glycolysis

6. A. Preparatory phase
1. Phosphorylation
2. Isomerization
3. Phosphorylation
4. Splitting
1
2
3
4

7. 5
1
8
9
6
5. Oxidative phosphorylation
6. Formation of ATP
7. Isomerization
8. Dehydration
9. ATP formation
B. Oxidative phase

9. Oxidation
of
Pyruvate

10. •Pyruvate enter the mitochondria through pyruvate
kinase
•Then it undergoes oxidation
2. Oxidation of pyruvate

11. 2. Oxidation of pyruvate

13. Krebs
Cycle

14. 3. Krebs cycle
•Also called TCA cycle/Citric acid cycle
•Discovered by Sir Hans Kreb.
•1st compound forms is Citric acid
•Acetyl CoA oxidizes completely

15. 3. Krebs cycle Output
i. 4co2
ii. 4ATP
iii. 6NADH
iv. 2FADH2
Input
i. 2Acetyl
ii. 2ADP + P
iii. 6NAD+
iv. 2FAD

17. ETC
(electron transport
chain)

18. •ETC is a series of electron carriers and some work as
proton pump
•Take part in passage of electrons from NADH or FADH2
to its ultimate acceptor(O2)
4. ETC

19. 4. ETC

21. Chemiosmosis
and
Oxidative
phosphorylation

22. • Oxidative phosphorylation-
Synthesis of ATP(by ATP synthetase) with the help of energy released
during oxidation of NADH and FADH2(produced in respiration)
• Chemiosmosis-
Theory of ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis andOxidativephosphorylation

23. • Enzyme require for this is ATP synthetase/Oxysome/stalked
particles.
Chemiosmosis andOxidativephosphorylation

24. Chemiosmosis andOxidativephosphorylation

26. Oxidative
phosphorylation
and
Substrate level
phosphorylation

27. • Substrate level phosphorylation-
Synthesis of ATP, phosphate is enzymatically transferred from an
organic substrate.
• Oxidative phosphorylation-
Synthesis of ATP(by ATP synthetase) with the help of energy released
during oxidation of NADH and FADH2(produced in respiration)