Navroz Dubash (WG III Coordinating Lead Author, Chapter 15)

1. Delivering a
Sustainable Future –
Institutions and Policy
10th November 2022
IPCC.CH

2. “
Laws and
institutions
support mitigation
by providing
frameworks for
equitable policy
development and
implementation
[Matt Bridgestock, Director and Architect at John Gilbert Architects]
Sixth Assessment Report
WORKING GROUP III – MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE

3. • Laws targeting emissions
are growing across
regions
• Direct laws in 56
countries covering 53% of
global emissions in 2020
• Indirect laws support
mitigation through the
arenas they regulate -
690 indirect laws in 2020
• Limited evidence on
effectiveness of laws and
policies - 6GT CO2/y or
1/10 of annual emissions

4. Climate governance requires dedicated institutional solutions
- Coordination
• Challenge: Multiple sectors, scale and actors
• Examples: China National Development and Reform Commission, Kenya National Climate Change Council
- Strategy setting
• Challenge: Transformation to shift development pathways under time constraints
• Examples: UK Climate Change Committee
- Building consensus
• Challenge: Bring along winners and losers through deliberation for social cohesion
• Examples: Brazilian Forum on Climate Change, UK Climate Assemblies, Just Transition Commissions in various countries
- Capacity constraints
• Upstream policy issues of agenda setting and framing
• Identify areas for transition and analyse synergies and trade-offs
• Implementation capacity

5. “
There has been a
consistent
expansion of
policies
addressing
mitigation since
AR5.
[Matt Bridgestock, Director and Architect at John Gilbert Architects]
Sixth Assessment Report
WORKING GROUP III – MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE

6. • An increasing range of
policies, across sectors
• Emission trends suggest
that the policies in place
are working
• Over 20% of global
emissions covered by
carbon taxes or emissions
trading systems
• Both regulatory and
economic instruments
have proven effective.
• Gaps remain in coverage,
and stringency

7. [World Bank/Simone D. McCourtie, Dominic Chavez CC
BY-NC-ND 2.0, Trent Reeves/MTA Construction &
Development CC BY 2.0, IMF Photo/Tamara Merino CC
BY-NC-ND 2.0, Olga Delawrence/Unsplash.]
Policy instruments have been
effective
- Regulatory instruments have proven effective in
reducing emissions, especially at the sector level
- Flexibility mechanisms can reduce costs
- Economic instruments have also been effective
- Carbon pricing incentivised low cost reductions but
additional mechanisms and/or higher price needed for
high cost measures
- Design improvements help address effectiveness and
distributional impacts
- Regulatory and Economic instruments work in
complementary ways

8. Evolving landscape of climate policy
Enhancing Mitigation Addressing Multiple Objectives of Mitigation
and Development
Shifting
Incentives
“Direct Mitigation Focus”
Examples: carbon tax, cap and trade,
disclosure policies
“Co-benefits”
Examples: Appliance standards, fuel taxes,
packages for air pollution
Enabling
Transition
“Socio-technical transitions”
Examples: Packages for renewable
energy transition and coal phase-out;
diffusion of electric vehicles
“System transitions to shift development
pathways”
Examples: Packages for sustainable urbanisation,
green industrial policy, regional just transition plans

9. @IPCC_CH
#IPCReport
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Thankyou.
Contributing Author
Parth Bhatia