BREIFLY DESCRBED ABOUT THE GREEK CIVILIZATION AND THEIR ARCHITECTURE

1. SUBMITTED TO: MA’AM AYESHA FAROOQ

3. 1) DORIC
ORDER
2) IONIC
ORDER
3) CORITHIAN
ORDER
GREEK
ORDERS

4. The Doric Order Is
Characterized By A Plain,
Unadorned Column Capital
And A Column That Rests
Directly On The Stylobate
Of The Temple Without A
Base. The Doric Entablature
Includes A Frieze
Composed Of Trigylphs—
Vertical Plaques With Three
Divisions—And Metopes—
Square Spaces For Either
Painted Or Sculpted
Decoration.
DORIC ORDER

5. STYLOBATE:
Is The Top Step Of The
Crepidoma, The Stepped
Platform Upon Which
Colonnades Of Temple
Columns Are Placed (It Is The
Floor Of The Temple).
STEREOBATE:
The Lower Levels Of
The Crepidoma Are Called
The Stereobates.

6. Necking: Which Is A
Continuation Of The Shaft But
Which Is Set Off From It Visually
By One Or More Narrow Grooves;
The Echinus, A Circular Block
That Bulges Outward At Its
Uppermost Portion In Order To
Better Support The Abacus
Echinus:
EchinusIs TheRounded Moulding
BelowOrAboveAnAbacus On Doric
And Ionics Capital.
Abacus :
IsA Flat SlabFoaming TheUppermost
Member Of TheCapital Of A Column.
Its Function Is ToProvideA Large
SupportingSurface, TendingTo Be
WiderThanTheCapital, ToReceive
TheWeightOf TheArch OrThe
ArchitraveAbove.

7. Metopes:
Rectangular Architectural Element
That Fills The Space Between Two
Trigylphs In A Doric Frieze, Which
Is A Decorative Band Of Alternating
Trigylphs And Metopes Above The
Architrave Of A Building Of The
Doric Order.
Trigylphs:
The Trigylphs Is A Carved Panel
With Three Vertical Columns On
Its Surface. It's A Design Feature
Of The Oldest Style
Of Greek Temple
Acroterian:
In Architecture, Decorative
Pedestal For An Ornament Or
Statue Placed Atop The
Pediment Of A Greek Temple;
The Term Has Also Been
Extended To Refer To The Statue
Or Ornament That Stands On
The Pedestal.

8. The Ionic Order Is One Of The
Three Orders Of
Classical Architecture, The
Others Being Doric
And Corinthian. It Is Most
Recognizable By Its Columns.
Every Column Is Made Of A Base,
A Shaft, And The Volute On Top.
In The Ionic Order, The Volute Is
Shaped Like Scrolls Or Spirals.
IONIC ORDER

9. Shaft:
The Shaft, Which Rests
Upon The Base, Is A
Long, Narrow, Vertical
Cylinder That In Some
Orders Is Articulated
With Fluting (Vertical
Grooves).
The Shaft May Also
Taper Inward Slightly
So That It Is Wider At
The Bottom Than At
The Top.
Base:
TheLower Part Of AWall,
Pier, OrColumn
ConsideredAsA
SeparateArchitectural Fe
ature.
Capital:
InArchitecture, The
Capital FormsThe
TopmostMember Of A
Column. It Mediated
BetweenTheColumn
AndTheLoad Thrusting
Down Upon It,
BroadeningTheAreas Of
AColumn Supporting
Surface.

10. Entablature: The Entablature Is The Part
Of The Roof That Rests On The Top Of
The Column And Consist Of The
Architrave, The Frieze And The Cornice.
Architrave: It Is The Long Beam That
Supports The Weight Directly Above The
Column.
Volute: A Volute Is A Spiral, Scroll-Like
OrnamentThat Forms The Basis Of The
Ionic Order, Found In The Capital Of The
Ionic Column. It Was Later Incorporated
Into Corinthian Order And Composite
Column Capitals.
Frieze: It Is A Strip Above The Architrave.
Cornice: It Is A Top Weight Bearing Part
Of Entablature Which Juts Outwards.

11. Pediment: In Architecture,
Triangular Gable Forming The
End Of The Roof Slope Over A
Portico (The Area, With A Roof
Supported By Columns,
Leading To The Entrance Of A
Building); Or A Similar Form
Used Decoratively Over A
Doorway Or Window.
The Pediment Was The
Crowning Feature Of
The Greek Temple Front
Gable: Gable, Triangular
Section Of Wall At The End Of
A Pitched Roof, Extending
From The Eaves To The Peak..

12. The Corinthian Order Is The
Last Developed Of The Three
Principal Classical Orders Of
Ancient Greek And Roman
Architecture.
This Architectural Style Is
Characterized By Slender
Fluted Columns And
Elaborate Capitals Decorated
With Acanthus Leaves And
Scrolls
Corinthian Order

13. A Dentil Is One Of A Series
Of Closely Spaced,
Rectangular Blocks That
Form A
Molding. Dentil Molding
Usually Projects Below The
Cornice, Along The Roof Line
Of A Building. ... The Use
Of Dentils Is Strongly
Associated With Classical
(Greek And Roman) And
Neoclassical
(Greek Revival) Architecture
DENTIL

14. Ancient Greek
Civilization Was
Concentrated In
What Is Today Greece
And Along The
Western Coast
Of Turkey. However,
Ancient Greek
Colonists Established
Cities All Around
The Mediterranean A
nd Along The Coast
Of The Black Sea
WhatIsTheLocation
Of Greek Civilization?

16. Hellenic Period: (From 900 BC To The Death Of Alexander
The Great In 323 BC), The Substantial Work Of Architecture
Began To Appear Around 600 BC.
Hellenistic Period: (323 BC To 30 AD), The Greek Culture
Widely Spread, Initially As A Result Of Alexander Conquest
Of Other Lands As A Result Of The Rise Of The Roman
Empire, Which Adopted Much Of The Greek Culture.

19. Column - The column is the most prominent element in Ancient Greek
architecture. Columns supported the roof, but also gave buildings a feeling of order,
strength, and balance. Capital - The capital was a design at the top of the column.
Some were plain (like the Doric) and some were fancy (like the Corinthian). Frieze -
The frieze was a decorative panel above the columns that contained relief
sculptures. The sculptures often told a story or recorded an important event.
Pediment - The pediment was a triangle located at each end of the building between
the frieze and the roof. It also contained decorative sculptures. Cella - The inner
chamber in a temple was called the cella or the naos. Propylaea - A processional
gateway. The most famous one is at the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens.