Facial muscles/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

FACIAL MUSCLES
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

• The muscles of facial expression are
subcutaneous.
• They move the skin and change facial
expression to convey mood.
• They develop from the mesoderm of the
second brachial arch ,and therefore supplied
by the facial nerve.
• Most muscles attach to bone or fascia and
produce their effects by pulling the skin.
INTRODUCTION

CLASSSIFICATION
TOPOGRAPHICALLY
• The muscles are grouped under following six heads
 scalp
1. Occipito frontalis
- auricle(around the ear)
1. Auricularis anterior
2. Auricularis posterior
3. Auricularis superior
- eyelid
1. Orbicularis oculi
2. Corrugator supercilii
3. Levator palpebrae superioris(extra

- nose
1. Procerus
2. Compressor naris
3. Dilator naris
4. Depressor septi
- mouth
1.Orbicularis oris
2. Levator labii superioris alaequae nasi
3. Levator labii superioris
4. Zygomaticus major
5. Zygomaticus minor
6. Depressor anguli oris
7. Depressor labiii inferioriswww.indiandentalacademy.com

9. Mentalis
10. Risorius
11.Buccinator
- neck
1. Platysma.
FUNCTIONALLY
• these are primarily regulators of 3 openings
palpebral fissures,nostrils ,oral fissure.
• Each opening has single sphincter & a variable
no. of dilators.
• Sphincters – circular , dilators – radial in their
arrangement.

Functional group of facial muscles
Opening Sphincter dilator
a.Palpebral
fissure
b.oral fissure
c. Nostrils
Orbicularis
oculi
Orbicularis
oris
Compressor
naris
1. Levator labii superioris
2. Occipito frontalis
All the muscles except the
orbicularis oris & the
mentalis.
1. Dilator naris
2. Depressor septi
3. Medial slip of lev.labi.
Alaque nasi.

• Common facial expressions :
1. smiling & laughing –zygomaticus major
2. sadness – levator labii superioris, levator
angulioris
3. grief – depressor anguli oris
4. anger – dilator naris & depressor septii
5. frowning –corrugator supercilii & procerus
6. horror, terror& fright – platysma
7. surprise – frontalis
8. doubt – mentalis
9. grinning – risorius
10. contempt – zygomaticus minor

EXAMINATION:
1. Frontalis – ask the pat to look upwards ,without
moving the head,look for horizontal wrinkles.
2. Corrugator supercilli - frowning & making vertical
wrinkles.
3. Orbicularis oculi- tight closure of eyes.
4. Orbicularis oris – whistling & pursing the mouth.
5. Dilators of the mouth – showing the teeth.
6. Buccinator – puffing the mouth & then blowing
forcibly.
7. Platysma - forcible pulling of the angles of the
mouth downwards forming prominent vertical
folds of skin on the side of the neck . It contracts
along with risorius.www.indiandentalacademy.com

ORIGIN & INSERTION
-Occipitofrontalis muscle-
frontal belly arises from
anterior part of the epicranial
aponeurosis .
-it has no bony attachments .
-it elevates the eyebrows, gives
a surprised look,and produce
transerve wrinkles in the
forehead when one frowns
FRONTALIS

CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII
origin – medial end of
superciliary arch
insertion – skin of mid eye
action – vertical wrinkling of
forehead ,frowning

ORBICULARIS OCULI
a. orbital part –on & around the marginal
margin , origin – medial part of medial
palpebral ligament &adjoining bone.
insertion – concentric rings return to the
point of origin.
action – closes lids tightly ,winking
,protects eye from bright light.
b. palpebral part ;-lateral part of medial
palpabral ligment
ins –lateral palpebral raphe
act – closes lip gently & blinking
C . Lacrimal part - lacrimal fascia & bone
ins - upper & lower tarsi
act – dilates lacrimal sacwww.indiandentalacademy.com

3.ORBICULARIS ORIS
a) Intrinsic part –
superior incisivus- maxilla
inf incisivus from mandible
ins – angle of mouth
act – closes and purses
mouth
b) Extrinsic part –
two strata formed by
converging muscles,
thickest middle stratum by
buccinator
ins – lip & angle of the
mouth www.indiandentalacademy.com

• DILATORS
LEVATOR LABII
SUPERIORIS
ALAEQUE NASI
-elevator of upper lip &
wings of nose .
- Attaches superiorly to
the maxilla .
- Divides into two slip –
attach to alar cartilage ;
another to upper lip.and
elevates the both.

• MENTALIS
- incisive fossa of
mandible .
- ins – skin of chin
Act - elevates &
protrudes lower lip.

.
4. BUCCINATOR (MUSCLE
OF THE CHEEK)
a) upper fibres from maxilla
,ins – straight into upper
lip
b) lower fibres from mandible
,ins – straight to lower lip
c) middle –
pterygomandibular raphe
,ins – decussate before
passing to the lips.
Action – Flattens cheek
against gums and teeth.

• DEPRESSOR
ANGULI ORIS
- depresses the angle of
the mouth.
- during frowning.
- posterior fibers of
platysma assist with
this movement.

• LEVATOR ANGULI
ORIS
- attaches superiorly to
the infraorbital margin
& inferiorly to the
angle of mouth.
- elevates the corner of
mouth.

• ZYGOMATICUS
MAJOR
- extends from
zygomatic bone to the
angle of the mouth.
- draws the angle of
mouth superolaterally
- Occurs during smiling /
laughing.

• ZYGOMATICUS
MINOR
- a narrow slip of
muscle,passes
obliquely from the
zygomatic bone to the
orbicularis oris .
- raise the upper lip
when showing
contempt .
- deepen the nasolabial
when showing
sadness.

• LEVATOR LABII
SUPERIORIS
- descends infraorbital
margin to upper lip.
- raises & elevates
upper lip.
- also helps in sadness.

• DEPRESSOR LABII
INFERIORIS
- Lat to mentalis,
attaches inferiorly to
the mandible.
- draws the lip
inferiorly & slightly
laterally , as showing
impatience.

• RISORIUS
- arises from platysma
& fascia of masseter.
- attaches to fascia
covering the parotid
gland inferoanterior to
the ear & angle of the
mouth laterally when
grinning.

PLATYSMA
• PLATYSMA –upper parts of
pectoral & deltoid fasciae .fibres
run upwards and medially.
• Insertion-anterior fibres to the base
of the base of the mandible
:posterior fibres,to the skin of the
lower face and lip,and may be
continous with the risorius.
• Action-release pressure of skin on
the subjacent veins ;depresses
mandible;pulls the angle of the
mouth downwards as in horror or
surprise www.indiandentalacademy.com

• NASALIS
- superior part of
canine ridge of
maxilla.
- nasal cartilages.
- draws ala of the nose
toward nasal septum.

• PROCERUS
- Slip of muscle
continuous with
frontalis .
- draws medial part of
the eyebrow
inferiorly ,producing
transverse wrinkles
over bridge of the nose
.
- to reduce the glare of
sunlight.

• DEPRESSOR SEPTI
- Arises superior to
central incisor tooth.
- inserts into the
mobile part of the
nasal septum.
- assists the alar part
of nasalis to widen the
nostril during deep
inspiration.

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Facial muscles/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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