1. Congenital Anomalies of The
Face
Dr Hatem El Gohary
Lecturer of General Surgery

2. Cleft lip and palate
• cleft lip alone: 15%;
• cleft lip and palate: 45%;
• isolated cleft palate: 40%.

3. AETIOLOGY
• Genetic.
• Maternal
anti-epileptic drugs.

4. Problem
• Speech.
• Feeding.
• Hearing.

5. Types
(a) Unilateral cleft lip with alveolar involvement;
(b) bilateral cleft lip with alveolar involvement;
(c) unilateral cleft lip associated with cleft palate;
(d) bilateral cleft lip and palate; (e) cleft palate only.

6. Cleft lip (unilateral or bilateral)
• The abnormalities in cleft lip are the direct result
of disruption of the muscles of the upper lip and
nasolabial region.
• Involving the external nasal cartilages, nasal
septum and anterior maxilla (premaxilla).

7. Cleft palate
• Cleft palate results in failure of fusion of the two
palatine shelves.
• Types: -soft palate only
- soft and hard palate.

8. TREATMENT
Surgical Repair
• 3-6 months in cleft lip (One operation).
• 6-18 months in cleft palate.(one or two
operations).

9. Congenital anomalies of The
Urinary system

10. WILMS’ TUMOR (Nephroblastoma)
• most common childhood abdominal malignancy.
• Caused by genetic abnormalities.

11. Diagnosis
Symptoms
• Abdominal pain.
• Hematuria.
• Fever.
• Respiratory symptoms e.g.cough and dypsnea (due to
lung metastasis).
Signs
• Abdominal mass.
• Varicocele.

12. Investigations
• Chest x ray  to detect lung metastasis.
• Abdominal Ultrasound  Tumour of the kidney.
• CT and MRI  To detect relation of the tumour
to the surrounding and invasion of the IVC.

13. Treatment:
Nephrectomy
.Radiotherapy+Chemotherapy

14. Hypospadias
Definition:
Congenital abnormal
opening of the urethra
in the underside of the penis.
Characterized by The dorsal
Foreskin is hooded

15. Aetiology: Failure of complete urethral
tubularisation in the male fetus.
Types:
• First degree: Glanular(distal)
• Second dgree: Mid-shaft.
• Third degree: Scrotal or perineal.

16. Treatment
• Avoid circumcision.
• Surgical repair Before the age of 2 years.