Die and die materials /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education

• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• CLASSIFICATION OF DIE
MATERIALS
• DIE SYSTEMS
• REFERENCES
• CONCLUSION
GYPSUM PRODUCTS
 ZINC SILICOPHOSPHATE
 CERAMIC MATERIALS
 DENTAL AMALGAM
METAL SPRAYED DIES
ELECTROPLATED DIES
POLYMERIC MATERIALS

www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental academy
• www.indiandentalacademy.com
• Leader continuing dental education
• Offer both online and offline dental
courses

DIE:
A REPRODUCTION OF A PREPARED TOOTH MADE FROM A
GYPSUM PRODUCT, EPOXY RESINS, A METAL OR A REFRACTORY
MATERIAL.
A DIE IS THE POSITIVE REPLICA OF ONE TOOTH

1. INORGANIC MATERIALS
a. CALCIUM SULPHATE HEMIHYDRATE
b. ZINC SILICOPHOSPHATE
c. CERAMIC MATERIALS
2. METALLIC MATERIALS
a. DENTAL AMALGAM
b. METAL SPRAYED ALLOYS
c. ELECTROPLATED DIES
• COPPER PLATED
• SILVER PLATED
3. POLYMERIC MATERIALS
a. AUTO-POLYMERIZING ACRYLIC
b. RESINS THAT POLYMERIZE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

CaSo . 2H O
4 2
CaSo . ½ H o
2
110-130 C
o
4

CALCIUM SULFATE DIHYDRATE:CaSO . 2H O
24
HEAT IN
OPEN
VESSEL
120 Co
HEAT IN
AUTOCLAVE
120-130 C
o
HEAT IN HEAT IN
AUTOCLAVE
140 Co
BOILING 30./.
CaCl or
MgCl
2
2
HEMI HYDRATE
BETA
HEMI HYDRATE
(PLASTER)
ALPHA ALPHA
MODIFIED
HEMI HYDRATE

YPE 1: PLASTER IMPRESSION
YPE 2: PLASTER MODEL
YPE 3: DENTAL STONE
YPE 4:DENTAL STONE,HIGH STRENGTH
YPE 5:DENTAL STONE HIGH STRENGTH & HIGH EXPANSION

CUBOIDAL SHAPED PARTICALS
REDUCED SURFACE AREA
PRODUCES HARD SURFACE
& IS RESISTANT TO ABRASION
• IT HAS HIGH STRENGTH & MINIMUM SETTING EXPANSION
• SURFACE HARDNESS OF---
TYPE 4 : 92 ROCK WELL HARDNESS
TYPE 3 : 82 ROCK WELL HARDNESS

LOWER WATER POWDER RATIO THAN TYPE 4.
SETTING EXPANSION HAS INCREASED
COMPENSATES ALLOY SOLIDIFICATION SHRINKAGE
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH • SETTING EXPANSION
TYPE 4
TYPE 5
34.5 MPA
48.3 MPA
0.10%
0.30%
• Contraindicated in production of dies for inlays

STRENGTH IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO W / P RATIO
WATER SHOULD BE AS LOW AS POSSIBLE
:
:
0.22 – 0.24
0.18 – 0.22

WATER IS TAKEN IN THE BOWL
POWDER ADDED TO WATER
HOMOGENEOUS,SMOOTH MIXTURE
MIXING TIME:
HAND MIXING – 1-2 MINTS
MECHANICAL MIXING – 20 SECONDS
• IF MORE POWDER ADDED TO THIN MIX
SET AT DIFFERENT TIMES AND WEAKENS PRODUCT
• IF MORE WATER IS ADDED TO THICK MIX
DISARRAGEMENT OF CRYSTALLINE GROWTH & LACKS
INTER CRYSTALLINE COHESIONwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

CaSo . 2H O
+
UNREACTED
CaSo . ½ H O +2 H O4 2 2 4 2
CaSo . ½ H O4 2
+
HEAT

• TYPE 4 – 12 + 4 MINTS
-
• TYPE 5 – 12 + 4 MINTS-
CONTROL OF SETTING TIME
• IMPURITIES LIKE GYPSUM PARTICLES
• PARTICLE SIZE – FINE
• MORE WATER PROLONGED SETTING
• PROLONGED MIXING SHORT SETTING TIME
• RETARDERS:REDUCES SOLUBILITY OF HEMIHYDRATE
GLUE
GELATINE
BORAX
POTTASSIUM CITRATE
MORE CONCENTRATED SODIUM CHLORIDE(20%)
•ACCELERATERS :
POTTASSIUM SULPHATE
SODIUM CHLORIDE IN LESS CONCENTRATIONS

CRYSTALS GROW INTERMESH & OBSTRUCT GROWTH OF ADJACENT CRYSTALS
OUTWARD STRESS DEVELOPS & PRODUCE EXPANSION OF ENTIRE MASS
ON DRYING EXCESS WATER IS LOST & VOID SPACE IS INCREASED
LINEAR EXPANSION = 0.06% - 0.5%
CONTROL OF SETTING EXPANSION:
INCREASED EXPANSION – LOW WATER POWDER RATIO
- LONGER MIXING TIME
REDUCED EXPANSION – POTTASSIUM SULPHATE
- SODIUM CHLORIDE
- BORAX.

CRYSTALS GROW FREELY RATHER THAH CONSTRICTED

TYPE 4 -
TYPE 5 -
TYPE 4 -
TYPE 5 -
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
M P A P S I
34.5
48.3
5000
7000
. WATER TRACES AT LAST LEAVE FINE CRYSTALS TO PPT
. FINE CRYSTALS ANCHOR LARGE CRYSTALS
. IF EXCESS WATER ADDED THE FINE CRYSTALS DISSOLVE 1ST
. THUS REINFORCING ANCORS ARE LOST
. POROSITY INCREASES
. SO DRY STRENGTH IS LESS IN SET MATERIAL

. METALLIZING :
THIN LAYER OF METAL IS DEPOSITED ON SURFACE
OF IMPRESSION MATERIAL
. BRONZING POWDER SUSPENDED IN ALMOND OIL
. AQUEOUS SUSPENSION OF SILVER POWDER
. POWDERED GRAPHITE
REQUIREMENTS:
. IMPRESSION TO BE COATED IS MADE AS CATHODE
. ANODE IS METAL TO BE DEPOSITED(SILVER/COPPER)
. ELECTROLYTE THROUGH WHICH CURRENT PASSES
. AMMETER
. PLATING TANK

COMPOSITION OF ELECTROPLATING BATH
COPPER PLATING:
COPPER SULPHATE-200GMS
SULFURIC ACID-30 ml
PHENOSULFONIC ACID-2ml
DISTILLED WATER-1000ml
SILVER PLATING:
SILVER CYANIDE-36GMS
POTASSIUM CYANIDE-60GMS
POTASSIUM CARBONATE-45GMS
DISTILLED WATER-1000ml
PROCEDURE:
METALLIZING IS DONE BY COATING WITH SILVER/COPPER/GRAPHITE
THIS COATED IMPRESSION IS MADE CATHODE
(NEGATIVE ELECTRODE)
ANODE IS THE POSSITIVE ELECTRODE OF COPPER/SILVERwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

ELECTROLYTE IS AN ACID SOLUTION OF COPPER SULPHATE/SILVER CYANIDE.
ALCOHOL/PHENOL/POTASSIUM CYANIDE/POTASSIUM CARBONATE
IS ADDED TO ELECTROLYTE
CURRENT IS PASSED 5 – 50 Mamp/cm & applied for 10 hrs
CAUSES DISSOLUTION OF ANODE & MOVEMENT
OF IONS FROM ANODE TO CATHODE & IMPRESSION IS ELECTROPLATED
2
DENTAL STONE IS THEN CASTED INTO PLATED IMPRESSION
AFTER STONE IS SET THE METAL COATED DIE IS REMOVED FROM IMPRESSION

CERAMIC MATERIALS ARE SUPPLIED AS POWDER &LIQUID
MIXED TO PUTTY LIKE CONSISTENCY
MATERIAL IS PLACED OVER THE IMPRESSION AND REMOVED
AFTER 1 HR
THEN IT IS FIRED AT 600 C FOR 8 MINTS TO PRODUCE A
HARD STRONG DIE
COMMON BRANDS:
CERAMITE H &V , COSMOTECH VEST , DUCERA – LAY ,
DORIC HT , DVP INVESTMENT , V.H.T INVESTMENT,
VITADURVEST.
2
PROPERTIES:
EXTREMELY ABRASION RESISTANT
SOME SHRINKAGE ON FIRING
APPLICATIONS:
PRODUCTION OF DIES FOR PORCELAIN INLAYS,ONLAYS & VENEERS.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

ALLOYS & METALS CAN BE MELTED AND SPRAYED DIRECTLY ON TO IMPRESSION
METALS CAN BE MELTED WITH OXYACETYLENE OR OTHER FLAMES
THESE MELTED FINE DROPLETS ARE SPRAYED DIRECTLY ON TO IMPRESSION
TO FORM A METAL SHELL
FILLED WITH DENTAL STONE
APPPLICABLE ONLY TO ELASTOMERS & IMPRESSION COMPOUND
ADVANTAGES:
 ACCURACY IS VERY GOOD
DISADVANTAGES:
 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT IS NEEDED
 FACE MASK MUST BE WORN

AMALGAM CAN BE PACKED INTO RIGID IMPRESSION MATERIALS
IMPRESSION IS MADE IN A COPPER BAND WITH MODELLING COMPOUNND
THIN PIECE OF BOXING WAX 28 – 30 GUAGE IS WRAPPED AROUND THE IMPRESSION
BOXED IMPRESSION IS EMBEEDED IN PLASTER IN A SMALL RUBBER RING
AMALGAM IS CONDENSED INTO IMPRESSION
IMPRESSION COMPOUND & WAX ARE REMOVED IMMERSING IN WARM WATER
IMPRESSION OF BOTH ARCHES IS TAKEN
AMALGAM DIE IS PLACEED IN IMPRESSION & CAST IS POURED

1. AUTO POLYMERISING ACRYLIC:
FABRICATED IN SAME WAY LIKE SELFCURE DENTURES
DISADVANTAGES:
MONOMERS REACT WITH IMPRESSION MATERIALS
HEAT OF REACTION DISTORTS THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS
VOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION
2. FILLED POLYMERIC MATERIALS:
Eg:EPOXY RESINS,POLYESTERS,EPIMINES,POLY URETHANE RESINS
COMMON BRANDS:
DIEMET , GOLDEX , IMPREDUR , POLYROQQ
MANIPULATION:
MIXED INTO HOMOGENOUS PASTE(1 MINT)
PASTE IS VIBRATED INTO IMPRESSION
SEPERATING MEDIA IS APPLIED
ADVANTAGES:RAPID SET,MORE ABRATION RESISTANT
DISADVANTAGES:POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE(0.02 – 0.6 %)www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

GYPSUM-BONDED MATERIAL IS MIXED WITH COLLOIDAL SILICA LIQUID
DIE IS MADE FROM THIS MIX & WAX PATTERN IS CONSTRUCTED ON IT
ENTIRE ASSEMBLY IS INVESTED
PRECAUTIONS:
SEPERATING MEDIA USED
PROPERTIES:
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH : 45 – 50MPA
SETTING TIME :15 Mints
SETTING EXPANSION : 1%
THERMAL EXPANSION : 0.3%
HYGROSCOPIC EXPANSION : 0.3%

WORKING CAST WITH A SEPARATE DIE
WORKING CAST WITH REMOVABLE DIE

IMPRESSION IS POURED
BASE SHOULD BE 1 INCH

CAST TRIMMED DIE HANDLE SHOULD BE LARGER
THAN THE PREPERATION
HANDLE SHOULD NOT BE ANGLED

HANDLE – 1 INCH TRIMMED WITH PEAR SHAPED BUR
SHAPING OF DIE NEAR FINISH LINE SMOOTHEN WITH DISCOID
CARVERwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

DIE CONTOURS SHOULD BE SIMILAR TO NATURAL TOOTH
NO UNDER CUTS FINISH LINE HIGHLIGHTED
WITH RED PENCILwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

DIE RELIEF AGENT APPLIED ON
PREPERATION AREA
ENAMELS
LACQUERS 20 – 40 MICRO METERS
DIE HARDENING AGENTS APPLIED TO FINISH LINE TO PREVENT ABRASION
CYNOACRYLATE – 1 – 25 MICROMETERS
ACRYLIC LACQUERS – 4 – 10 MICROMETERS
THEN THE WAX PATTERN PREPERATION IS DONE

REMOVABLE DIE SYSTEMS :
1. STRAIGHT DOWEL PIN
2. CURVED DOWEL PIN
3. PINDEX SYSTEM
4. DI-LOK TRAY SYSTEM

DOWEL PINS POSITIONED WITH HELP
OF BOBBY PINS
DIE STONE POURED,PINS SHOULD BE
STRAIGHT & NOT TOUCH IMPRESSION
WAX IS PLACED AT TIPS &
SEPERATING MEDIA APPLIED
AROUND DOWEL
PLACE PAPER TOWEL BELOW
AND CAST IS POURED

UNCOVER UTILITY WAX CUT CAST WITH FINE SAW
DIE IS LOOSEN BY TAPPING

DIE REMOVED & EXCESS STONE IS TRIMMED
DIE IS RESEATED MOUNTED ON TO ARTICULATORwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

A = CURVED DOWEL PIN
B = POSITIONING BAR
C = STRAIGHT PINS
D = DIE STONE
2 mm DEEP DEPRESSIONS MADE
PLACING PINS BEFORE IMPRESSION POURING

SEPERATING MEDIA IS APPLIED BOXING WITH WAX
& BASE IS POURED
CAST IS SECTIONED EXPOSED TIP IS PRESSED TO
REMOVE DIE

POUR IMPRESSION & SHOULD
BE 10 mm FROM NECK OF TEETH
5 mm HOLE MADE WITH
HAND PIECE / DRILL PRESS

HEAD OF CURVED DOWEL IS SEATEDA DROP OF CYNOACRYLATE
IS PLACED INTO HOLE
HOLES DRILLED 2MM ON
UNPREPARED CAST
CAST IS POURED & SECTIONED

IMPRESSION IS POURED BASE IS TRIMMED

CAST SHOULD BE 15 MM
EXCLUSIVE OF TEETH
PHERIPHERAL & TONGUE AREA ARE TRIMMED
PIN HOLES MARKED WITH PENCIL PIINDEX MACHINE

ALIGN PENCIL MARK WITH LIGHT BEAM RISE HANDLE WITH SLOW PRESSURE
FOR 3 -5 SEC
DEBRIES IS REMOVED

CYNOACRYLATE CEMENT
PLACED IN HOLES
PINS ARE PLACED
SEPERATING MEDIA APPLIED
UTILITY WAX IS PLACED ON PINS

PALATAL & TONGUE SPACE IS
FILLED WITH BOXING WAX
BOXING
BASE IS POURED

Cast poured in u shape Lingual side of cast is trimmed
Horizontal grooves are cut in the base Cast is placed in the stone into the tray

Disassemble the cast Die is cut
Die is trimmed Cast and die are reassembledwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Mounted on articulator along with tray

2. EFFECTS OF CAVITY FORM & SETTING EXPANSION OF REFRACTORY
DIES ON ADAPTABILITY OF CLASS II ( MO & DO) FIRED CERAMIC INLAYS
OPERATIVE DENTISTRY 2000 VOL-25 NO:5 PG:549<555
3. DELAYED LINEAR EXPANSION O IMPROVED DENTAL STONE
JPD 2002 JULY VOL-88 NO:1 PG:26<31
1. STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPE IV GYPSUM, RESIN
CONTAINING, &EPOXY DIE MATERIALS
JPD 2000 APRIL VOL-83 NO:4 PG: 466 <> 473

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