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Centrifuge
- 1. CENTRIFUGE
- 3. DEFINITION Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 4. • A centrifuge is a piece of equipment, generally driven by an electric motor, that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis, applying a force perpendicular to the axis to separate substances of different densities • Convenient method of separating two immiscible liquid or solid from liquid. • Basket rotating at high speed • Vertical axis small size • Horizontal large continuous scale. • Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 5. is laboratory equipment, driven by a motor, spins liquid samples at high speed. There are various types of centrifuges, depending on the size and the sample capacity. They vary widely in speed and capacity May work by the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration is used to separate substances of greater and lesser density. MLI-mde 210, 311 5
- 6. MLI-mde 210, 311 6
- 7. comprise a rotor containing two, four, six, or many more numbered wells within which the samples containing centrifuge tips may be placed. Difference in design according to it’s use: a. Perforated basket to separate solid/liquid b. Non-perforated basket to separate solid/liquid and liquid/liquid. Centrifuges are used in: chemistry, biology, and biochemistry for isolating and separating suspensions. Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 8. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 9. Centrifugal Motion • Centrifugal acceleration = rω2 • ω is the angular velocity in rad/s • r is the radius of rotation • Centrifugal force = mrω2 • m is the mass of the particle
- 10. • Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) measures acceleration applied to the sample RCF=(r*ω2)/g • r=distance from center or motor to sample • ω= angular velocity (radians/ second) • g=9.8m/s2 Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 11. 11 MLI-mde 210, 311 Theory • The acceleration is measured in multiples of "g“, the standard acceleration due to gravity at the Earth's surface, or × "g", and it is given by where g = acceleration r = rotational radius (centimeter, cm) N = rotating speed (revolutions per minute, r/min)
- 12. EQUIPMENT Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 13. Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim Centrifugal filtration •Disc type •Tubular bowl type •Solid Bowl batch basket type Centrifugal sedimentation
- 14. Centrifugal filtration • Perforated metal basket mounted in vertical axis • May supported by metal screen • Shoveling the cake Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 15. Tubular bowl type • Feed added to spinning bowl • Sedimentation of particles occurs in centrifugal field • Flow is upwards at a particular rate which determines residence time in device • Separation happens if sedimentation velocity is high enough for particle to reach side of bowl within residence time • Large particles have higher settling velocities than small particles • Both large and small are still particles, have small Reynolds no.s (<1) and obey Stokes’ Law
- 16. Tubular bowl type • High speed • length-diameter ratio 4:8 • 15000 r.p.m • Used widely in emulsion • Used in solid with small amount Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 17. Tubular bowl type • Examples: 1. Clearing of fats and waxes 2. Fractionation of blood 3. Recovery of viruses Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 18. DISC type • Baffle into bowl • Length- diameter ratio and operational speed is lower than tubular type • Manner of Discharge according to size. Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 19. Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 20. Solid Bowl batch basket type • Discharge the liquid by wired skimmer Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 21. Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 22. Uses of centrifugal sedimenter • Separation of the phases in liquid/liquid extraction process e.g. antibiotics Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 23. • Recovery of lanolin in a the wool scouring process Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 24. • Removal of dirt and water from oil. e.g. olive oil Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 25. • Removal of bacteria in bacterial enzyme preparation Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 26. • The clarification of process liquor e.g. insulin Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 27. • Collection of starch Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
- 28. • The separation of blood plasma Dr. Ibtihal O. Alkarim
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