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Robots for surveillance in military applications
1.
International INTERNATIONAL Journal
of Electronics and Communication JOURNAL Engineering OF ELECTRONICS & Technology (IJECET), AND ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 35-38 © IAEME COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 35-38 © IAEME: http://www.iaeme.com/IJECET.asp Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.2836 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJECET © I A E M E ROBOTS FOR SURVEILLANCE IN MILITARY APPLICATIONS SAURABH NALAWADE Dist.-Thane, Mumbai, India 35 ABSTRACT In the world of information technology information is the key. Similar can be said about any country’s military and law enforcement agencies. A lot of human lives are involved in this dangerous process of surveillance. Surveillance is a dangerous job. There is always a risk of getting caught in spying. Robots are unmanned devices and can be controlled from remote location. Also if they are spotted there is absolutely no risk or way of identifying to whom does the robot belong. Also a lot of collateral damage can be reduced by using the robots in military applications. It is also important to have eyes and ears in sky, water and on land for surveillance. This paper aims to provide a possible solution or example of such unique use of robots in military surveillance and espionage. With the help of technologies like Xbee it is possible to develop long range robots which can be controlled from remote locations. In this way we can reduce the human interference and also save some lives. Keywords: Surveillance, Robot, Xbee, PIR, Military. I. INTRODUCTION According to the data released by Washington Post the US casualties in the wars of Iraq and Afghanistan amount to around 4800 and 2344 respectively. The number of wounded is further greater than 50000. These casualties can be reduced if we use robots for warfare purposes. The goal of Xbee based Moving Flying Robot is to create a small, robust and highly manoeuvrable automotive moving and flying robot that can be used both indoors and outdoors under any weather conditions. The whole system is built into two parts; Moving Unit and Flying Unit. Its robust performance is achieved by using simple but reliable highly optimized algorithms. The robot is medium sized and less heavy. The key to achieving this goal is to build minimalist platforms that are light-weight and controllable at very high frequencies, (e.g. 40 MHz). The advantage of having control at high frequency facilitated very fast response to changing environmental conditions e.g. strong choppy
2.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 35-38 © IAEME winds. It also allows extreme acrobatic manoeuvres. The challenges to achieving this kind of control are both on the hardware and the software front. From a hardware point of view we need light-weight low-cost Inertial Measurement Units (I MU) capable of fast responses. From a software point of view, robust control algorithms that are tightly coupled to the hardware are needed. Human presence can also be detected by the use of Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR). Everybody emits certain amount of heat radiation this PIR sensor detects this infrared signal and notifies the controller. PIR Battery Sensor 36 A. Moving Unit 1) Receiver Part Camera Fig 1: Receiver block diagram The receiving antenna receives the signal send from the transmitter and directs it to the Xbee transceiver. The Xbee forwards the received signal to the microcontroller unit. Depending on the commands received from the transmitter the microcontroller gives commands to the motors to perform certain mechanical actions like move forward, reverse, left, right. There is also a PIR sensor present on the receiver. The function of this sensor is to sense any human activity in the vicinity of the receiver and notify the controller. PIR stands for passive Infrared Sensor. The camera present on the receiver side transmits the live feed to the portable television. The main function of this camera is that it transmits the signal or the feed wirelessly through the antenna. The transmitted signals or the video information is viewed on a portable TV on the transmitter side with the help of a tuner. The camera is power by a 9 volts battery. The microcontroller is programmed by using Keil software which is described in the latter chapters. The programming unit consists of the level converter ICs used to convert signal levels from 0 to -15 or 0 to 15 to 0 or 5 respectively 2) Transmitter Part The main components of the block diagram are as follows:- 1. 9 v Battery 2. Xbee Transceiver 3. Control Buttons Receiving antenna Xbee Microcontroller Program Unit Motor Driver Motors 9v Battery
3.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 9, September (2014), pp. 35-38 © IAEME The main component of the transmitter is Xbee unit. The Xbee is programmed to send certain signal for certain commands given by the control unit. For example if the robot is to be moved forward the front two buttons of the controller are pressed together hence a code is generated by the Xbee. It then transmits the code to the receiver which the moves the necessary motors to move the robot forward. Controller Unit (Buttons) To T.V or PC Fig 2 B. FLYING UNIT Another robot in the form of quad rotor or quad copter spy robot robot is a flying unit it can be flown anywhere we want it to go. If the robot is detected or found by the enemy it can be self-destructed by connecting a bomb to the mechanism. Night vision camera can be used so that the robot can also time. Eight different kinds of sensors can be interfaced to the robot. The vehicular/moving unit is designed to carry the flying unit to remote locations. The main reason for this unit is the flying unit’s battery saving. Th few minutes. So, the vehicular unit carries the flying unit to locations where it can reach on ground. By doing so, the flying unit is at rest and its battery is saved and ultimately, we will get more fligh time. This flying robot can be anything from miniature helicopter to a quadrocopter example is as shown below. Fig 3: Demo kit of Quad hybrid helicopter 37 ecessary Antenna 2: Transmitter Block diagram can be implemented. This be used for spying during night The flight time of the flying unit is restricted to 9 volts battery X b e e Transceiver CCD camera receiver – e flight quadrocopter. One such
4.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 35-38 © IAEME II. TYPES OF ROBOTS USED IN MILITARY AROUND THE WORLD A lot of military organizations all around the world today make use of robot to carry out certain operations which can prove harmful or are impossible for humans to do. Military robots have developed through time and the advent of technology. At present, military organizations use a variety of robots for different use. Some of the robots are as discussed below Given here is a brief description on the present use of military robots: 1. Daksh – Daksh is one of the most widely used military robots. This robot is powered electrically and controlled remotely. The main function of this robot is location handling and destruction of dangerous objects, like bombs, safely. This robot is highly automotive. It has the ability to climb, run and walk like humans. Due to these features it is the widely used military robot around the world. Moreover, it can also scan objects using its portable X-ray device. 2. Goalkeeper – Goalkeeper is also frequently used robot in military. It is used to defend ships from incoming missiles as well as ballistic shells. This military robot is a Dutch close-in weapon system. This system implements auto cannon and advanced radar that tracks incoming fires. It is an automatic system that can be also be deployed to protect airfields. 3. PackBot – PackBot consists of series of military robots. PackBot 510 is the most recent base model. This model utilizes a videogame-style hand controller. It is available with different configurations like PackBot 510 with EOD bomb disposal, PackBot 510 with fast Tactical Maneuvering Kit; PackBot 510 with first responder kit, PackBot 510 with HazMat Detection Kit, PackBot 510 with Fido and PackBot 510 with REDOWL Sniper Detection Kit. 4. MARCbot - These robots has been used to inspect suspicious objects. It is a low cost robotic platform, and it has been used in Iraq for the inspection of suspicious objects. This robot is one amongst the smallest and the most commonly used military robots. It comprises of small truck and a camera mount. The camera is utilized for looking behind the doors. It has the capacity to run 6 hours on a set of fully charged batteries and was developed with the input of soldiers in Iraq to meet their needs. 38 III. CONCLUSION As we have seen thus far it is just beneficial to use an integrated robot system which consists of both the moving and the flying unit. The moving unit should be designed for robust and difficult terrain. It should be possible for the robot to reach far and remote places where humans cannot reach. The vehicular/moving unit is designed to carry the flying unit to remote locations. The main reason for this unit is the flying unit’s battery saving. The flight time of the flying unit is restricted to few minutes. So, the vehicular unit carries the flying unit to locations where it can reach on ground. By doing so, the flying unit is at rest and its battery is saved and ultimately, we will get more flight time. REFERENCES 1. Articles from Washington Post 2. http://www.armyofrobots.com/military-robots-tools-weapons.html. 3. ROBOTICS: MILITARY APPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES, research report by George M. Pierce II, Major, USAF. 4. Sreekanth Reddy Kallem, “Artificial Intelligence in the Movement of Mobile Agent (Robotic)”, International Journal of Computer Engineering Technology (IJCET), Volume 4, Issue 6, 2013, pp. 394 - 402, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6367, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6375.
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