This study have been done to investigate the characteristics of the fishing boat using PVC pipe material with variations of hullform that have the smallest total ship resistance, and good ship stability that meets International Maritime Organisation (IMO) standards. The method used in this study is to creating 3D modeling with variations of hullform and the fishing gear type. The smallest total ship resistance and good ship stability values are obtained on the flat model no.2 with displacement volume of the boat 22.48 m3. The resistance of the boat is 10.1 kN with ship powering is 46.55 kW at 9 knots. The stability of the ship in flat model no.2 with different types of fishing gear meets the IMO standard, but the smallest GZ value is obtained when using longline fishing gear

1. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1934 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)
Volume 10, Issue 01, January 2019, pp. 1934–1941, Article ID: IJMET_10_01_189
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
DESIGN COMPARATIVE OF PVC FISHING
BOAT WITH VARIATION OF SHIP HULLFORM
AND FISHING GEAR TYPE
Deddy Chrismianto, Parlindungan Manik, Good Rindo and Ahmad Firdhaus
Department of Naval Architecture, Engineering Faculty,
Diponegoro University, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
This study have been done to investigate the characteristics of the fishing boat
using PVC pipe material with variations of hullform that have the smallest total ship
resistance, and good ship stability that meets International Maritime Organisation
(IMO) standards. The method used in this study is to creating 3D modeling with
variations of hullform and the fishing gear type. The smallest total ship resistance and
good ship stability values are obtained on the flat model no.2 with displacement
volume of the boat 22.48 m3. The resistance of the boat is 10.1 kN with ship powering
is 46.55 kW at 9 knots. The stability of the ship in flat model no.2 with different types
of fishing gear meets the IMO standard, but the smallest GZ value is obtained when
using longline fishing gear.
Key words: PVC fishing boat, ship resistance and ship stability.
Cite this Article: Deddy Chrismianto, Parlindungan Manik, Good Rindo and Ahmad
Firdhaus, Design Comparative of PVC Fishing Boat with Variation of Ship Hullform
and Fishing Gear Type, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology 10(1), 2019, pp. 1934–1941.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country that has the territorial area with almost 2/3 of its territory consisting of
oceans separated by thousands of islands spread from Sabang to Merauke. The wealth of
marine products is abundant, especially in the fisheries sector, so many Indonesians work as
fishermen. Fishing boats in Indonesia basically it used wood as raw materials. In the
development of limited of wood materials, alternative materials such as fiberglass and PVC
pipes can be made as a ship hull [1]. The PVC boat is built because it has some advantages,
that are: low cost of fishing boat production, easy to be built, and no need longer working
time than other boats production.
Refer to the study result of the first PVC fishing boat in Indonesia is named KM Baruna
Fishtama, it has known that the total ship resistance and ship stability values haven’t obtained
good results and need to be investigated further [2, 3]. The ship hullform and layout design on

2. Design Comparative of PVC Fishing Boat with Variation of Ship Hullform and Fishing Gear Type
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1935 editor@iaeme.com
the deck are variables that must be taken into account in order to obtain optimal performance
[4, 5, 6].
The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of fishing boats using PVC
pipe materials with variations in hullform model to get the smallest total ship resistance. The
ship stability characteristics of PVC fishing boat with various types of fishing gear are also
analyzed.
2. METHOD OF RESEARCH
The rsesearch are carried out by some stages, include: determining the hullform model of
PVC fishing boat in which refers to the main dimension of the KM Baruna Fishtama.
Furthermore, the hullform variations of the PVC fishing boat are made. Table 1 shows the
principle dimension of the PVC fishing boat hullforms include the KM Baruna Fishtama
model, flat type hull model, U type hull model, and V type hull model. First, the PVC fishing
boat with variation hullforms are developed in 3D CAD model [7. 8].
Table 1 Principle dimension of the PVC fishing boat hullform variations
No Hullform Type Length
(m)
Breadth
(m)
Draft
(m)
1 Baruna Fishtama 16.50 3.6 0.50
2 Flat Model 1 17.14 3.41 0.45
3 Flat Model 2 17.11 3.34 0.45
4 Flat Model 3 17.05 3.48 0.45
5 U 1 Type Model 17.61 2.81 0.90
6 U 2 Type Model 17.49 2.84 0,90
7 U 3 Type Model 17.75 2.72 0.89
8 V 1 Type Model 17.65 2.77 0.89
9 V 2 Type Model 17.48 2.34 0.90
10 V 3 Type Model 18.12 2.75 1.18
Figure 1 – Figure 3 show variations in the model of PVC fishing boat hullform including:
flat type hull model, U type hull model, and V type hull model. Each type hull model are
devided in 3(three) different shape.
Figure 1. 3(three) types of flat hull model
Figure 2. 3(three) types of U-hull model

3. Deddy Chrismianto, Parlindungan Manik, Good Rindo and Ahmad Firdhaus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1936 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 3. 3(three) types of V-hull model
Designing of a hauler layout model on a fishing boat deck uses 3D CAD with variation of
the location of hauler for gillnet, trawl and longline. Figure 4 shows general arrangement of
PVC fishing boat using 3(three) different types of fishing gear. A hauler are set up at the fore
on PVC fishing boat using gillnet. For trawl fishing boat, the position of hauler at the stern.
The position of hauler at side for longline boat.
Figure 4. General arrangement of PVC fishing boat using 3(three) different types of fishing gear:
a. gillnet, b. trawl, c. longline
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1. Total Resistance
The results of total ship resistance and ship powering as a function of ship speed are shown on
the table 2.
Table 2 Total resistance and power values of each type of PVC fishing boat hullform
No Model Name Resistance (kN) Power (kW)
6 Knot 12
Knot
15 Knot 6 Knot 12 Knot 15 Knot
1 KM Baruna
Fishtama
4.84 28.85
49.96 14.81 178.66
385.47
2 Flat Model 2 3.21 24.00 40.70 10.00 147.94 314.44
3 U 2 Type Model 7.14 28.62 44.63 13.55 162.36 359.68
4 V 2 Type Model 3.93 20.25 34.77 10.07 124.87 267.96

4. Design Comparative of PVC Fishing Boat with Variation of Ship Hullform and Fishing Gear Type
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The results of the calculation in Table 2 shown that all modification of ship hullform has
total ship resistance and power lower than the KM Baruna Fishtama at a speed of 15 knots.
The difference about 19% for flat model 2, 7% for U2 type model, and for V type model
about 31%. This is due to the different shape of the bow between the KM Baruna Fishtama
and the modification models. The KM Baruna Fishtama has a blunt bow, and the modification
models have a sharp bow.
The results of the total ship resistance using analytical calculation are then validated using
CFD calculation. The CFD calculation is only carried out on the flat model 2 has a smallest
total resistance than other.
Figure 5. wave pattern of flat model no.2 of PVC fishing boat
Figure 5 shows the result of CFD calculation. The maximum wave height is produced by
the flat model 2 in a speed of 15 knots is 0.016 m, and the minimum value about -0.034 m.
3.2. Ship Stablity
In the ship stability calculation, there are 3(three) different types of fishing gear include
gillnet, longline, and trawl are anlyzed. Each fishing gears are setup on the deck of the fishing
boat models, that is flat type model 2, U 2 type models, and V 2 type model with giving some
simulations of loading condition. Some loading conditions are taken into account are as
follows:
1 Loading condition of departure with scenarios: fish hold 1 and fish hold 2 are empty, fuel
oil and provision are full.
2 Loading condition at fishing ground (before fish catching) has scenarios: fish hold 1 and
fish hold 2 are empty, 80% fuel oil and 80% provision.
3 Loading condition at fishing ground (after fish catching) with scenarios: fish hold 1 and
fish hold 2 are 50% filled, 50% fuel oil and 60% provision.
4 Loading condition of arrival at port has scenarios: fish hold 1 and fish hold 2 are full, 50%
fuel oil and 50% provision.
Table 3 shows the weight distribution of each loading conditions include load weight of
departure, load weight of fishing ground before fish catching and after fish catching, also load
weight of arrival at port.

5. Deddy Chrismianto, Parlindungan Manik, Good Rindo and Ahmad Firdhaus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1938 editor@iaeme.com
Table 3 Loading conditions of each type hullform of PVC fishing boat
No
Deadweight
Item
Loading Condition
Full
Weigth
(ton)
Departure
(ton)
Fishing
Ground
(before
fish
catching
(ton)
Fishing
Ground (after
fish catching)
(ton)
Arrival
at port
(ton)
1 Fish Hold 1 2,5 0 0 1,2 2,5
2 Fish Hold 2 2,5 0 0 1,2 2,5
3 Provision 3 3 2,4 1,8 1,5
4 Fuel Oil 3 3 2,4 1,8 1,5
5 Ballast water 3 0 0 0 0
6 Crews 0,5 0.5 0,9 0,5 0,5
Total 14,5 6,5 5,38 6,6 8,5
Figure 6. GZ curve of PVC fishing boat using gillnet
Table 4 Stability criteria of PVC fishing boat using gillnet
No. Criteria
IMO
standard
Loading Condition
Departure
Fishing
Ground
(before fish
catching)
Fishing
Ground
(after fish
catching)
Arrival
at port
1 Area 0 - 30
≥3.15 10.40 12.31 10.47 10.20
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
2 Area 0 - 40.
≥5.156 14.26 17.24 14.32 14.36
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
3 Area 30 - 40.
≥1.718 3.85 4.93 3.85 4.17
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
4
Max GZ at 30
or greater
≥0.2 0.42 0.53 0.43 0.44
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass

6. Design Comparative of PVC Fishing Boat with Variation of Ship Hullform and Fishing Gear Type
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1939 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 7. GZ curve of PVC fishing boat using longline
Table 5 Stability criteria of PVC fishing boat using longline
No. Criteria
IMO
standard
Loading Condition
Departure
Fishing
Ground
(before fish
catching)
Fishing
Ground
(after fish
catching)
Arrival
at port
1 Area 0 - 30
≥3.15 11.21 12.82 10.79 8.56
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
2 Area 0 - 40.
≥5.156 15.91 18.34 15.11 12.13
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
3 Area 30 - 40.
≥1.718 4.70 5.52 4.32 3.56
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
4
Max GZ at 30
or greater
≥0.2 0.49 0.58 0.47 0.38
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
Figure 8. GZ curve of PVC fishing boat using Trawl

7. Deddy Chrismianto, Parlindungan Manik, Good Rindo and Ahmad Firdhaus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1940 editor@iaeme.com
Table 6 Stability criteria of PVC fishing boat using trawl
No. Criteria
IMO
standard
Loading Condition
Departure
Fishing
Ground
(before fish
catching)
Fishing
Ground
(after fish
catching)
Arrival
at port
1 Area 0 - 30
≥3.15 9.85 11.59 8.31 8.18
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
2 Area 0 - 40.
≥5.156 13.36 16.08 11.13 11.29
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
3 Area 30 - 40.
≥1.718 3.51 4.49 2.83 3.10
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
4
Max GZ at 30
or greater
≥0.2 0.39 0.49 0.32 0.33
Result: Pass Pass Pass Pass
Figure 6 – Figure 8 show that all types of fishing gears are fitted on the PVC fishing boat
did not cause the boat be capsize or get bad stability. GZ maximum value of all fishing boat
models with 3 (three) different fishing gear meet the International Maritime Organisation
(IMO) standard (Table 4 – Table 6).
4. CONCLUSIONS
The minimum total resistance of PVC fishing boat hullform model is obtained by each
hullform models no. 2, with the main dimension of the boat: length = 17.119 m, width = 3.340
m, draft = 0.45 m. The flat model 2 has total resistance about 40.7 kN at 15 knot of speed and
power is 314.44 kW. The U2 type model has total resistance at a speed of 15 knots about
44.63 kN with a power of 359.68 kW. The smallest total resistance is gotten by V2 type
model at a speed of 15 knots has total resistance resistance about 34.77 kN and a power is
267.96 kW.
The flat model 2 has the good stability that meet the IMO criteria at all conditions with all
types of fishing gear.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education with Contract Number : 101-
146/UN7.P4.3/PP/2018 in scheme of Penelitian Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi (PUPT) 2018
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