Michael Stadler XENDEE

1. Orange County, California
March 29-30, 2023
Presented by: Michael Stadler
Xendee.com
mstadler@xendee.com
“Designing a Future Proof EV
Charging Network”
EV Charging Infrastructure USA 2023

2. The increased market penetration of electric vehicles is an
exciting step towards sustainability. However, as it stands, the
current electric grid simply cannot meet the needs of
nationwide charging, especially in remote locations.
This can lead to:
• Inadequate charging power
• Charging deserts
• High utility costs
• Lengthy interconnection times
• Massive demand charges
Meeting the Needs of an Electrified Transportation System
The number of EVs on U.S. roads is projected to reach 26.4 million in 2030

3. We can solve these problems with localized energy resources
such as solar PV panels, generators, batteries, hydrogen fuel
cells, and more.
This allows us to:
• Avoid costly demand charges
• Speed up interconnection permitting and reduce expenses
• Mitigate costs to drivers and utility customers
• Ride through grid outages
• Sustainably charge vehicles nationwide
• Offer charging in remote locations
The Solution is Microgrids
Utilizing Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to meet the load on-site

4. 4
The Engineering Challenges of Microgrids

5. 70% of the Implementation Process is Design
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© XENDEE Corporation 2023
There must be a way to simplify the process

6. The Benefits of A Single Software Platform
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© XENDEE Corporation 2023
A single platform minimizes latency and maximizes continuity by
removing unnecessary steps and facilitating coordination

7. Xendee is a software platform for designing optimized Microgrid and EV infrastructure and operating them efficiently in real-time. This allows
users to create reliable, bankable DER systems that reduce engineering costs, energy prices, and CO2 emissions while also improving energy
security and resilience to power outages.
DESIGN OPERATE
MOBILITY
The new standard in Microgrid design and operation

8. Today’s Topic: Optimizing Your EV Infrastructure Design
Gathering data, setting conditions, and choosing organizational goals
Existing Technologies:
- Heating
- Cooling
- Power
Tariffs:
- Power and energy
• Building
• EV
- Fuel delivery
- Net metering
Weather Data:
- Solar irradiation
- Temperature
Load Data:
- Electrical, thermal, fuel
- EV demand
General Conditions:
- Project length
- Interest rate
- Power system constraints
- Regulatory boundaries
- Financing and incentives
EV charging infrastructure
options:
- Estimating charging demand
- Selecting, sizing & placing
- Optimizing charging strategies to
minimize costs and/or carbon
footprint
- Integrating EV charging with
renewable energy sources &
energy storage
- Considering grid interconnection
& impact analysis
Objective Function
(Cost, CO2, resiliency, etc.)
Mathematical Optimization
(MILP)
Optimal technology portfolio, planned operation and location

9. The Xendee Optimization Algorithm

10. 10
The Xendee Optimization Algorithm

11. • Good candidate for Microgrid Fast Charging Stations:
Proximity to interstate freeway
• Pre-existing 40 MW Microgrid with PV, steam and gas
turbines, battery energy storage, and fuel cell
• Onsite DER capacity supports 85% of campus energy
• Campus distribution system connected to local utility
• Existing EV modeled: 46 Level 2 chargers and 4 DC-fast
chargers available to meet 2.53 MWh daily EV demand
• Future: Model 31.44 MWh increase in daily EV demand,
consider up to 40 additional DC-fast chargers
• Additional rooftop PV, electric storage considered to support
increased campus load from higher EV loads.
Real Life Case Study
UCSD Campus Microgrid
Objective: Upgrade existing Microgrid to support added EV demand and a peak load of 57MW
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This Microgrid also serves building loads
A bus is a node where a line or several lines are connected

12. Source: Microgrid Fast Charging Station (MFCS) Design Platform, XENDEE
Energy Balance
Simplified Schematic with New Optimized EV Chargers and DER
Baseline Scenario With New EV Chargers and DER
Potential Further Deployments
New Fast Charging Station: 125kW/station; total 40 units, 5MW
Solar PV, larger PV icons represent new ones
Fuel Cell
Max Charging Capacity = 5.83 MW (existing + new)
Baseline Charging Capacity = 0.83 MW
Metric Baseline
New EV Stations and
Existing DER
New EV Stations and
Existing + New DER
Total Annual Costs
(US$ Million)
25.61 22.79 21.78
OPEX (US$ Million) 20.19 21.36 17.47
Revenue from EV
Stations (US$ Million)
0.138 4.125 4.125
Cost of EV charging: $0.35 / kWh
UCSD Microgrid-Baseline vs. Additional EV Chargers and Add. DER

13. UCSD Campus EV Microgrid Modelled
Optimizing it in XENDEE
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14. Consider Underlying Topology and Network
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Cables and Transformers: Add cables and
transformers between connection points. Their
lengths are considered and can be loaded from
catalogs within XENDEE. They can be autosized.

15. Define Building Loads
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Defining the Load: Define building loads using
timeseries data, catalogs, or XENDEE’s custom
load builder.

16. Define EV Loads
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Defining an EV Load: Input load data specific to
the EV chargers using the same mechanisms as
building load data.

17. Loads Tariffs from Catalogs
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Adding Tariffs: Select a tariff from the catalog
to quickly import it into the project. Once the
data is loaded you can also manually customize
variables.

18. Modify Tariff Data Directly
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Customizing Tariffs: Alter time of use periods,
seasonal pricing, and real time pricing directly in
the interface.

19. Overview:
Progress So Far
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What we have done so far:
• Created the project
• Defined loads
• Placed nodes
• Placed cables and transformers
• Uploaded utility tariffs & EV tariffs
We can now move into adding technologies.

20. Defining DER Technologies | Charging Stations
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Adding Charging Stations: Technologies such as
charging stations can be added to any node on
the project. The technologies can then be
defined manually or quickly loaded and
customized through a catalog.

21. Defining DER Technologies | Batteries
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Adding Additional DERs: Add up to 25 different
types of technologies including: batteries, solar
panels, generators, hydrogen electrolysis, wind,
hydrokinetic technologies and more.
Multiple types of each technology can be added
to each node.

22. Project Financing Options
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Amortized Costs: The first type of project
financing available in XENDEE is ideal for project
validity studies and projects where no loan terms
are defined. DER purchases under this model are
amortized over their lifetime.

23. Optimizing for Your Goals
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Setting Optimization Goals: When running
optimizations, users can select organizational
goals such as reducing cost, cutting CO2
emissions, adding resiliency, or a combination of
all three.
Variations of this can also be used to compare
major design decisions like the ability to ride
through a three-day outage.

24. Optimization Results
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Reviewing Results: After each optimization, a
white label report is generated that breaks down
the project financials as well as the technology
investments, sizing, and location.

25. Results | Optimized Sizing and Dispatch
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Optimized Dispatch: Along with each
optimization, XENDEE also generates a dispatch
which shows operators how the system should be
run at every time step of the day to reach the
projected values and returns.
Sizing Results: XENDEE breaks down the sizing
and placement of technologies at each node
alerting the user to the space used and available
at each node.

26. Results | Broken Down by Node
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Dispatches By Node: The optimized dispatch also
includes a dispatch for every node in the project.

27. Results | Optimized Power Flow
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Optimized Power Flow: Results also include a bill
of materials and power flow analysis which
ensures the cables, transformers, bus bars and
nodes can handle the rigors of peak usage.

28. Project Variations: Changing Financing Type
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Changing our Financing Method: With the
project design and basic financial projection
completed, the project can now be brought to
financial institutions for funding. Here, the exact
terms of the loans can be established to further
refine the optimization and plan the project for
the most optimal returns.

29. Results with Loan Term Financing Type
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Running a New Optimization: With the new
terms defined, the optimization can be run again.
As shown to the left, the size of the charger has
increased from 1.63MW to 3MW.
Amortized
Loan
(old)
Loan
Purchase
(new)

30. Model Changes Over Time| Multi-Year Options
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Multi-Year Options: Variables such as utility
costs, fuel costs, technology costs and more can
be modeled to change over time, allowing
XENDEE to invest more at a later year of the
project when technology costs come down or
utility prices or demand charges increase. This
allows the system to adapt to the changing
market conditions and provide a stable return on
investment.

31. Multi-Year Results
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Operational Expenditures: In multi-year
optimizations, XENDEE can break down the yearly
OPEX costs over the life of the project. It also
takes into consideration new investments made
during the project timeline and the
accompanying costs and CO2 emission
reductions.

32. 1. Consider underlying topology and network
2. Use optimization approach that also considers
optimal dispatch
3. Model impact of different financing schemes
(since they will impact the optimal solution)
4. Plan for changes over time in a multi-year setup
Conclusions
Key Considerations for EV Infrastructure Modelling
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33. Thank You
Presented By:
Dr. Michael Stadler
XENDEE | Chief Technology Officer, Co-Founder
mstadler@xendee.com