International Conference on Integrated Sy

1. International Conference on Integrated Systems
March 3-6, 2015, IITA Ibadan, Nigeria
Arinloye D.A. (ICRAF-WCA)
Binam J.N (ICRAF-WCA)
Sissoko M.M. (ICRISAT)
Traore P.C.S. (ICRISAT)
Kalinganire A., (ICRAF-WCA)
Savadogo P. (ICRAF-WCA/ICRISAT)
Marketing and management
decisions in the dryland systems
Does women voice count?

2. State of Gender gaps
• The FAO, SOFA study published in 2012 present
evidence showing that whilst women represent
43% of the agricultural workforce in all
developing countries they do not have the
same access as men to resources.
• Yield gaps between men and women farmers
which average around 20-30% (FAO, 2010)

3. State of Gender gaps
• FAO (2011: 42) estimates that
reducing these gender gaps
could raise yields on women’s
farms by 20-30 percent
• This would raise total agricultural
yields in developing countries by
2.5-4 percent, reducing the
number of hungry people in the
world by 100-150 million.

4. State of Gender gaps
• In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), gender norms and
ideologies give women more autonomy than in
South Asia and in North Africa and West Asia.
• SSA women usually have rights to their own
plots, animals or commercial enterprises
though they have an obligation to work on
household crops, livestock or fish activities, and
provide labor to their husband's agricultural
enterprises

5. Capacity development : Knowledge-sharing
• Equitable access to improved
technologies for women and
men
• Development and testing of
transformative gender
approaches
Capacity building on leadership:
minimum request of 3/10
participants been women per village
 target 5/10
Strategic gender research

6. • What are the role played by and place
reserved for women in natural resources
management in the drylands Systems?
• What are the complexities of decision
making and management powers of women
related to natural resources management
and crop-tree-livestock production in DS
Key research questions

7. 520 Households
6089 individuals:
1866 from 2 Mali sites
3448 from 4 Nigeria sites
336 from 2 Niger sites
439 from 2 Ghana sites
+ Focus group discussions

8. Decision taking in the households: Ghana
%Male
(n=212)
%Female
(n=221) Sig.
Taking decision on Nothing 53.11 46.89 (2.05)ns
Staple crops selection and management 55.29 44.71 (1.75)ns
Cash crops selection and management 50 50 ( 0.002)ns
Staple crops marketing 29.63 70.37 (9.1)**
Management of small ruminants 82.61 17.39 ( 9.54)***
Management of large ruminants 66.67 33.33 (0.77)ns
Marketing of small ruminants 83.33 16.67 ( 1.84)ns
Management of water for agriculture 16.67 83.33 (2.52)ns
Management of water for consumption 4.35 95.65 (10.9)***
Non-farm activities 50 50 (0.002)ns
Household income allocation 55.56 44.44 (0.16)ns

9. Decision taking in the households: Mali
%Male %Female
Sig.(n=967) (n=877)
Taking decision on Nothing 50.15 49.85 ( 9.13)***
Staple crops selection and management 97.67 2.33 (75.2)***
Cash crops selection and management 33.33 66.67 ( 7.79)***
Staple crops marketing 100 0 -
Cash crops marketing 100 0 -
Management of small ruminants 83.33 16.67 (9.54)***
Management of large ruminants 97.06 2.94 (28.1)***
Marketing of small ruminants 100 0 -
Marketing of large ruminants 100 0 -
Management of water for agriculture 100 0 -
Management of water for consumption 20.83 79.17 (8.79)***
Non-farm activities 86.36 13.64 (10.5)***
Household income allocation 11.63 88.37 ( 28.79)***

10. Decision taking in the households: Niger
%Male %Female
Sig.(n=156) (n= 150)
Taking decision on Nothing 52.14 47.86 (0.53)ns
Staple crops selection and management 85.71 14.29 (3.64)*
Staple crops marketing 100 0 -
Cash crops marketing 0 100 -
Management of small ruminants
14.29 85.71 (3.64)*
Management of large ruminants 100 0 -
Marketing of small ruminants
100 0 -
Management of water for consumption 20.83 79.17 (8.79)***
Non-farm activities 33.33 66.67 (0.67)ns

11. Decision taking in the households: Nigeria
%Male %Female
Sig.(n=1795) (n=1637)
Taking decision on Nothing 43.34 56.66 (397.5)***
Staple crops selection and management 97.24 2.76 ( 122.5)***
Cash crops selection and management 86.96 13.04 ( 33.8)***
Staple crops marketing 100 0 (51.9)***
Cash crops marketing 100 0 ( 45.3)***
Management of small ruminants 67.48 32.52 (11.7)***
Management of large ruminants 91.94 8.06 (39.7)***
Marketing of small ruminants 100 0 (45.3)***
Marketing of large ruminants 90.16 9.84 ( 35.6)ns
Non-farm activities 63.64 36.36 (0.56)ns
Household income allocation 100 0 (2.73)*

12. Does women voice count?
• Overall, women have very little control over marketing
decisions, except in Niger where women were found to
control cash crop marketing (i.e. millet, cowpea and
sorghum)
• In Ghana, staple food crop marketing was under the control
of women
• Being in charge of marketing does not necessarily mean
that women have equal control over the income generated
from the sales

13. Does women voice count?
• Women in Ghana choose the markets
for selling, bargain the prices with the
buyers, but then return generated
income to the male household head
after transactions
• High variability according to the type of
decisions, and important differences
between countries and ethnic groups,
suggesting
• Need to for a context specific
understanding of women’s decision
making powers

14. For more information
a.arinloye@cgiar.org
ICRAF-West and Central Africa, Sahel Bamako, Mali
Further reading
Degrande, A. and Arinloye, D.-D.A. 2014 Gender in Agroforestry:
Implications for Action-Research. Nature & Faune, 29(1) 6-11
Thank you