Alcohol sensing alert with engine locking project

ALCOHOL SENSING ALERT WITH
ENGINE LOCKING SYSTEM
Project report submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of diploma in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Under the esteemed guidance of
Smt M.VIJAYA NIRMALA, B.Tech
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ANDHRA POLYTECHNIC
Kakinada
2015 ‒2018

ANDHRA POLYTECHNIC
KAKINADA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work
entitled ALCHOL SENSING ALERT WITH ENGINE LOCKING SYSTEM is the bonafied
work of Mr./Mrs..........................................................PIN.………………………………….of
final year D.E.C.E 2017‒18 along with batch mates in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING of STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
AND TRAINING, Andhra Pradesh during academic session 2015‒2018.
Principal Signature H.O.D Signature(dept. Of ECE)
Guide Signature External Examiner Signature

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We have been tried our best to complete this project and
made it to work efficiently with group discussion between the batch
and valuable suggestions from our classmates and others.
We are firstly thankful to our respected principal Sri K.S.VARA
PRASAD, M.Tech for his kind supports in successful completion project.
We are thankful to our head of electronics and communication
engineering department Sri B.RAJARAO, M.Tech for his encouragement,
overall guidance in viewing this project a good asset and effort in
bringing out this project.
We would like to convey thanks to our Project guide & coordinator
Smt M.VIJAYA NIRMALA, B.Tech for her guidance, encouragement, co-
operation and unflinching devotion, which motivated us to complete
this project.
Last but not the least we also thank our friends& department staff for
helping us in completing the project.

NAME OF THE PROJECT
ALCOHOL SENSING ALERT WITH
ENGINE LOCKING SYSTEM
PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED BY
NAME OF THE STUDENT PIN
A.KADHARESH 15010-EC-201
G.SAI SINDHUJA 15010-EC-210
J.PRUDHVI RAJU 15010-EC-216
K.SRI SAI KUMAR 15010-EC-225
L.JAGAN 15010-EC-226
M.JAYA KIRAN 15010-EC-229
M.VINAY KUMAR 15010-EC-230
MD.SADIQ 15010-EC-232
M.T.SAI ESWARI 15010-EC-234
N.RAJU 15010-EC-235
O.GOWTHAMI 15010-EC-239
P.YASHWANTH SAAI 15010-EC-243
P.PAVAN SAI MURTHY 15010-EC-244
V.AKASH 15010-EC-257
Y.MURALI 15010-EC-258
Y.NIKHILESH 15010-EC-259
Y.TARUN 15010-EC-260
J.NAGENDRA 15010-EC-503
B.SATYA SAGAR 15529-EC-006
D.REVANTH KUMAR 14010-EC-210

ABSTRACT
Driving under the influence of alcohol has affected and killed
countless of people’s lives. If you drink and drive, not only do you
possibly put yourself at risk, but your passengers and pedestrians, and
other people, who were on roads. Every thirty minutes someone’s life is
cut short and families are devastated….
So, here we implemented a prototype version Alcohol
Detection system in order to control drunk and driving as much as we
can.
This alcohol detection system works on a simple principle, if a
driver has been drinking, the alcohol breath analyser sensor will detect
the level of alcohol in the driver’s breath and if it crosses a set
threshold, an alert will come and the vehicle engine will stop
immediately. This project is designed for the safety of the people
seating inside/outside the vehicle.

CONTETNTS
1. Introduction
2. Components used in this project
3. Block diagram
4. Circuit interfacing layout
5. Working
6. Hardware components description
7. Program or source code
8. PCB layout
9. Features
10. Conclusion
11. Bibliography

1. INTRODUCTION
Driving under the influence of alcohol has affected and killed
countless of people’s lives. If you drink and drive, not only do you
possibly put yourself at risk, but your passengers and pedestrians, and
other people, who were on roads. Every thirty minutes someone’s life is
cut short and families are devastated….
So, here we implemented a prototype version Alcohol
Detection system in order to control drunk and driving as much as we
can.
This alcohol detection system works on a simple
principle, if a driver has been drinking, the alcohol breath analyser
sensor will detect the level of alcohol in the driver’s breath and if it
crosses a set threshold, an alert will come and the vehicle engine will
stop immediately. This project is designed for the safety of the people
seating inside/outside the vehicle.
In this project, we are developing an Auto Lock System.
The input for the system is from Detection Sensors either from Alcohol
Breath or any other mechanism. The controller keeps looking for the
output from these sensors. If there are any traces of Alcohol above the
set limit, then the system will lock the Engine.
Here a simulating process is activated using a DC motor
through the relay and the complete process is under the supervision of
an intelligent 89S52 microcontroller.
While alcohol wafers smelled by the sensor. Sensor sends
the input voltage to microcontroller. If there are any traces of Alcohol
above the set limit, then the system will lock the Engine at the same time
will automatically gives a buzzer We can avoid accidents by checking
the driving people on the roads. So that we can avoid accidents.

ADVANTAGES:
 Low cost
.  Automated operation.
 Low Power consumption
.  It provides an automatic safety system for cars and other vehicles
.
Applications and Advantages:
Applications of Alcohol Detector in Car:
1) “Alcohol Detector project” can be used in the various vehicles for
detecting whether the driver has consumed alcohol or not.
2) This project can also be used in various companies or organization to
detect alcohol consumption of employees .
Advantages of Alcohol Detector project:
3) “Alcohol Detection System in Cars” provides an automatic safety
system for cars and other vehicles as well.

2. COMPONENTS USED IN THIS PROJECT
 MQ3 sensor (4 pin)
 89S52 micro controller
 40 pin IC base
 Crystal oscillator (11.0592Mhz)
 Capacitors :
*33pF
*0.1microF, 16V
*100microF, 50V
 Resistors :
*10KΩ SIP
*1KΩ
*10KΩ Preset
 Ignition lock
 BC 547 transistor
 Red LED
 16×2 LCD
 Transformer (9V, 1A)
 DB107 rectifier
 IC Regulator (7805)
 LM 293D
 Buzzer
 DC motor 5V, B.O
 Push button switch

4.WORKING
MQ3 sensor is basic sensing element used for alcohol detection.
When alcohol is detected it gives logic high(1) as per the program and
remaining circuit run simultaneously.
When MQ3 sensor goes to logic 1, it sends an high signal to micro
controller 89S52. The micro controller send this signal to engine circuit
driving through LM293D driver IC , i.e., as per the program and our
aim is that when alcohol is detected then the engine speed starts
decreasing ultimately and engine stops through this process i.e.,
engine is locked.
Along with this operation 16X2 Lcd connected to micro controller , it
displays the engine status as well as sensor status w.r.t above operation
when alcohol detected the buzzer starts ringing at the same time.
The power supply requirement are arranged along with a reset switch
is places at pin.9 of micro controller 89S52 to reset the process.
If the sensor is in condition logic low(0) then Lcd displays no alcohol
detected. So engine is in unlocked state and runs by the above process.

6. HARDWARE COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
 MQ3 sensor (4 pin)
 89S52 micro controller
 40 pin IC base
 Crystal oscillator (11.0592Mhz)
 Capacitors
 Resistors
 Ignition lock
 BC 547 transistor
 Red LED
 16×2 LCD
 Transformer (9V, 1A)
 DB107 rectifier
 IC Regulator (7805)
 LM 293D
 Buzzer
 DC motor 5V, B.O
 Push button switch

MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52
Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other device. They can
control the features or actions of the product. Another name for a
microcontroller is "embedded controller”. Microcontrollers are
dedicated to one task and run one specific program. The program is
stored in ROM (read-only memory) and generally does not change.
Microcontrollers are often low-power devices. A microcontroller has a
dedicated input device and has a small LED or LCD display for output. A
microcontroller also takes input from the device it is controlling and
controls the device by sending signals to different components in the
device.
FEATURES:
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory -
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
.  4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 Mhz.
 Three- bit Internal RAM.
 32 Programmable I/O Lines.
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.
 Eight Interrupt Sources.
 Full Duplex UART Serial Channel.
 Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

.  Interrupt Recovery from Power-down
 Watchdog Timer.
 Dual Data Pointer.
 Power-off Flag.
 Fast Programming Time.
 Level Program Memory Lock.
 Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)

Pin diagram OF 89S52:
PIN DESCRIPTION:
VCC: Supply voltage.
GND: Ground.
PORT 0:
Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-
directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin sink eight TTL inputs.

When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as
High impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the
multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external
program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pull-ups.
PORT 1:
Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port
1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written
to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be
used as inputs.
PORT 2:
Port 2 is a 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to
Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used
as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that externally being pulled low will
source current During accesses to external data memory that uses (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups.
PORT 3:
Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port
3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written
to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be
used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled
low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups.
RESET:
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the
oscillator is running resets the device.
ALE/PROG:
Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the
address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the
program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal
operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the

oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking
purposes.
EA /VPP:
External Access Enable must be strapped to GND in order to enable the
device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting
at 0000H up to FFFFH.
Port Pin Alternate Functions
P3.0 RXD (serial input port)
P3.1 TXD (serial output port)
P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1)
P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input)
P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input)
P3.6 WR (external data memory Write strobe)
P3.7 RD (external data memory read strobe)
Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally
latched on reset.
EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.
XTAL1:
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock
operating circuit.
XTAL2:
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS:
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting
amplifier which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator.
A quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used.
To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left
unconnected while XTAL1 is driven.

 Alcohol Gas Sensor MQ3:
It is a low cost semiconductor sensor which can detect the presence of
alcohol gases at concentrations from 0.05 mg/L to 10 mg/L. The
sensitive material used for this sensor is SnO2, whose conductivity is
lower in clean air. It’s conductivity increases as the concentration of
alcohol gases increases. It has high sensitivity to alcohol and has a good
resistance to disturbances due to smoke, vapor and gasoline. This
module provides both digital and analog outputs. MQ3 alcohol sensor
module can be easily interfaced with Microcontrollers, Arduino Boards,
Raspberry Pi etc.
This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration on
your breath, just like your common breathalyzer. It has a high
sensitivity and fast response time. Sensor provides an analog resistive
output based on alcohol concentration. The drive circuit is very simple,
all it needs is one resistor. A simple interface could be a 0-3.3V ADC
o
Features :
 Operating voltage: 5V ±0.1
 Concentration: 0.05mg/L to 10mg/L alcohol
 Current consumption: 150Ma
 Output sensitivity: adjustable

 Analog output: 0V to 5V
 Digital output: 0V or 5V
 Low cost and fast response
 Stable and long life
 Fair sensitivity to alcohol gas
 Both digital and analog outputs
 Operation temperature: ‒10⁰C to 70⁰C
Application
* Vehicle alcohol detector
* Portable alcohol detector
 Resistance of sensor(Rs): Rs=(Vc/VRL-1)×RL

TRANSISTOR:
BC547 is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left
open (Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be
closed (Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin. BC547
has a gain value of 110 to 800, this value determines the amplification
capacity of the transistor. The maximum amount of current that could
flow through the Collector pin is 100mA, hence we cannot connect
loads that consume more than 100mA using this transistor. To bias a
transistor we have to supply current to base pin, this current (IB) should
be limited to 5mA.
When this transistor is fully biased then it can allow a
maximum of 100mA to flow across the collector and emitter. This stage
is called Saturation Region and the typical voltage allowed across the
Collector-Emitter (VCE) or Base-Emitter (VBE) could be 200 and 900 mV
respectively. When base current is removed the transistor becomes
fully off, this stage is called as the Cut-off Region and the Base Emitter
voltage could be around 660 mV.
BC547 Transistor Features
 Bi-Polar NPN Transistor
 DC Current Gain (hFE) is 800 maximum
 Continuous Collector current (IC) is 100mA
 Emitter Base Voltage (VBE) is 6V
 Base Current(IB) is 5mA maximum
 Available in To-92 Package

Description on 7805 Voltage Regulator IC
Voltage regulators are very common in electronic circuits. They
provide a constant output voltage for a varied input voltage. In our case
the 7805 IC is an iconic regulator IC that finds its application in most of
the projects. The name 7805 signifies two meaning, “78” means that it
is a positive voltage regulator and “05” means that it provides 5V as
output. So our 7805 will provide a +5V output voltage.
The output current of this IC can go up to 1.5A. But, the IC suffers from
heavy heat loss hence a Heat sink is recommended for projects that
consume more current. For example if the input voltage is 12V and you
are consuming 1A, then (12-5) * 1 = 7W. This 7 Watts will be dissipated
as heat.
7805 Regulator Features
 5V Positive Voltage Regulator
 Minimum Input Voltage is 7V
 Maximum Input Voltage is 25V
 Operating current(IQ) is 5mA
 Internal Thermal Overload and Short circuit current limiting
protection is available.
 Junction Temperature maximum 125 degree Celsius

Pin Configuration
Pin Number Pin Name Description
1 Input (V+) Unregulated Input Voltage
2
Ground
(Gnd)
Connected to Ground
3 Output (Vo) Outputs Regulated +5V
Applications
 Constant +5V output regulator to power microcontrollers and sensors in most of the
projects
 Adjustable Output Regulator
 Current Limiter for certain applications
 Regulated Dual Supply
 Output Polarity-Reversal-Protection Circuit

 LM 293D driver
The L293D is a famous 16-Pin Motor Driver IC. As the name suggests it
is mainly used to drive motors. A single L293D IC is capable of running
two DC motors at the same time; also the direction of these two
motors can be controlled independently. So if you have motors which
has operating voltage less than 36V and operating current less than
600mA, which are to be controlled by digital circuits like Op-Amp, 555
timers, digital gates or even Micron rollers like Arduino, PIC, ARM etc..
this IC will be the right choice for you. Using this L293D motor driver IC
is very simple. The IC works on the principle of Half H-Bridge.
Features
 Can be used to run Two DC motors with the same IC.
 Speed and Direction control is possible
 Motor voltage Vcc2 (Vs): 4.5V to 36V
 Maximum Peak motor current: 1.2A
 Maximum Continuous Motor Current: 600mA
 Supply Voltage to Vcc1(vss): 4.5V to 7V

 Transition time: 300ns (at 5Vand 24V)
 Automatic Thermal shutdown is available
 Available in 16-pin DIP, TSSOP, SOIC packages
L293D Pin Configuration
Pin
Number
Pin Name Description
1 Enable 1,2
This pin enables the input pin Input 1(2) and Input
2(7)
2 Input 1
Directly controls the Output 1 pin. Controlled by
digital circuits
3 Output 1 Connected to one end of Motor 1
4 Ground Ground pins are connected to ground of circuit (0V)
6 Output 2 Connected to another end of Motor 1
7 Input 2
digital circuits
8 Vcc2 (Vs)
Connected to Voltage pin for running motors (4.5V
to 36V)
9 Enable 3,4
This pin enables the input pin Input 3(10) and Input
4(15)
10 Input 3
digital circuits
11 Output 3 Connected to one end of Motor 2
14 Output 4 Connected to another end of Motor 2
15 Input 4
digital circuits

16 Vcc2 (Vss) Connected to +5V to enable IC function
Buzzer
A buzzer is a small yet efficient component to add sound features to
our project/system. It is very small and compact 2-pin structure hence
can be easily used on breadboard, Perf Board and even on PCBs which
makes this a widely used component in most electronic applications.
There are two types are buzzers that are commonly available. The one
shown here is a simple buzzer which when powered will make a
Continuous Beeeeeeppp.... sound, the other type is called a readymade
buzzer which will look bulkier than this and will produce a Beep. Beep.
Beep. Sound due to the internal oscillating circuit present inside it. But,
the one shown here is most widely used because it can be customised
with help of other circuits to fit easily in our application.
This buzzer can be used by simply powering it using a DC power supply
ranging from 4V to 9V. A simple 9V battery can also be used, but it is
recommended to use a regulated +5V or +6V DC supply. The buzzer is
normally associated with a switching circuit to turn ON or turn OFF the
buzzer at required time and require interval.

 Crystal oscillator:
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the
mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to
create an electrical signal with precise frequency. This frequency is
often used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a
stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize
frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common
type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator
circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators, but
other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are used
in similar circuits. Typically widely using crystal frequency is
11.05192Mhz…. various types of packages available in market with this
frequency…

 DC motor:
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that
converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The
most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields.
Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of
current flow in part of the motor.
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be
powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution
systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using
either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current
in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and
appliances.
The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a
lightweight motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger
DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and
hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power
electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC
motors possible in many applications.
A DC motor is a mechanically commutated electric motor
powered from direct current (DC). In DC motor, operation is based on
simple electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a
magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it
will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor,
and to the strength of the external magnetic field. Opposite (North and
South) polarities of magnet attract, while like polarities (North and
North, South and South) repel. The internal configuration of a DC motor
is designed to harness the magnetic interaction between a current-

carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to generate
rotational motion

 Description on LCD modules
LCD modules are vey commonly used in most embedded projects, the
reason being its cheap price, availability and programmer friendly. Most
of us would have come across these displays in our day to day life,
either at PCO’s or calculators. The appearance and the pinouts have
already been visualized above now let us get a bit technical.
16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There
are a lot of combinations available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. but
the most used one is the 16×2 LCD. So, it will have (16×2=32) 32
characters in total and each character will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots. A
Single character with all its Pixels is shown in the below picture.
Features of 16×2 LCD module
 Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V
 Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
 Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets
and numbers
 Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
 Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box
 Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
 It can also display any custom generated characters
 Available in Green and Blue Backlight

Pin Configuration
Pin
No:
Pin Name: Description
1 Vss (Ground) Ground pin connected to system ground
2 Vdd (+5 Volt) Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V – 5.3V)
3 VE (Contrast V)
Decides the contrast level of display. Grounded to
get maximum contrast.
4 Register Select
Connected to Microcontroller to shit between
command/data register
5 Read/Write
Used to read or write data. Normally grounded to
write data to LCD
6 Enable
Connected to Microcontroller Pin and toggled
between 1 and 0 for data acknowledgement

7 Data Pin 0
Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-bit data line. They can be
connected to Microcontroller to send 8-bit data.
These LCD’s can also operate on 4-bit mode in such
case Data pin 4,5,6 and 7 will be left free.
8 Data Pin 1
9 Data Pin 2
10 Data Pin 3
11 Data Pin 4
12 Data Pin 5
13 Data Pin 6
14 Data Pin 7
15 LED Positive Backlight LED pin positive terminal
16 LED Negative Backlight LED pin negative terminal

IGNITION LOCK:
An ignition interlock device or breath alcohol ignition interlock device
(IID and BAIID) is a breathalyzer for an individual's vehicle. It requires
the driver to blow into a mouthpiece on the device before starting the
vehicle. If the resultant breath-alcohol concentration analyzed result is
greater than the programmed blood alcohol concentration (which
varies between countries), the device prevents the engine from being
started. The interlock device is located inside the vehicle, near the
driver’s seat, and is directly connected to the engine’s ignition system.
An ignition interlock interrupts the signal from the ignition to
the starter until a valid breath sample is provided that meets minimal
alcohol guidelines in that state. At that point, the vehicle can be started
as normal. At random times after the engine has been started, the IID
will require another breath sample, referred to as a rolling retest. The
purpose of the rolling retest is to prevent someone other than the
driver from providing a breath sample. If the breath sample isn't
provided, or the sample exceeds the ignition interlock's preset blood
alcohol level, the device will log the event, warn the driver, and then
start up an alarm in accordance to state regulations (e.g., lights flashing,
horn honking) until the ignition is turned off, or a clean breath sample
has been provided. A common misconception is that interlock devices
will simply turn off the engine if alcohol is detected; this would,
however, create an unsafe driving situation and expose interlock
manufacturers to considerable liability. Ignition interlock devices do not
have an automatic engine shut off feature.

Resistors :
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels,
to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission
lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many
watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators.
Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with
temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used
to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer),
or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical
activity.
A preset resistor is a smaller PCB mounted version of a
potentiometer. These are useful where adjustment or configuration of
a circuit needs to be made but such adjustment only occurs during
building a circuit, not during normal use. An appropriate value for the
PICAXE system is 10k (do not use 100k
devices).

 capacitor:
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
stores potential energy in an electric field. The effect of a capacitor is
known as capacitance. While some capacitance exists between any two
electrical conductors in proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a
component designed to add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was
originally known as a condenser
Capacitor is one of the most fundamental passive components with
2 pins. Almost every circuit has one or more capacitors. Capacitors are
used in Electronic Circuits to store electrical energy for a short period of
time. It is just like RAM or Main Memory in a computer system.
Capacitors are used to store and supply little electrical charges
momentarily. Farad is the unit of capacitance which signifies how much
electrical charge the capacitor can hold at once. The higher the rating,
the more charge holding capacity is. Farad is a very large unit of
capacitance, usually way too much than an ordinary electrical circuit
needs. So, the widely available capacitors have a capacitance ranging
from few pico farads (10 to the power -12) to few milifarads (one
thousandth).
33pF capacitor 10uF capacitor

 Transformer
A transformer can be defined as a static device which helps in the
transformation of electric power in one circuit to electric power of the
same frequency in another circuit. The voltage can be raised or lowered
in a circuit, but with a proportional increase or decrease in the current
ratings. In this article we will be learning about Transformer basics and
working principle
The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance
between two circuits which is linked by a common magnetic flux. A
basic transformer consists of two coils that are electrically separate and
inductive, but are magnetically linked through a path of reluctance.
Transformers Based on Voltage Levels
These are the most commonly used transformer types for all the
applications. Depends upon the voltage ratios from primary to
secondary windings, the transformers are classified as step-up and
step-down transformers.
Step-Up Transformer
As the name states that, the secondary voltage is stepped up with a
ratio compared to primary voltage. This can be achieved by increasing
the number of windings in the secondary than the primary windings as
shown in the figure. In power plant, this transformer is used as
connecting transformer of the generator to the grid.

Step-Down Transformer
It used to step down the voltage level from lower to higher level at
secondary side as shown below so that it is called as a step-down
transformer. The winding turns more on the primary side than the
secondary side.
In distribution networks, the step-down transformer is commonly used
to convert the high grid voltage to low voltage that can be used for
home appliances.

6. program or source code
#include<reg52.h> //including sfr
registers for ports of the controller
#include<lcd.h>
//LCD Module Connections
sbit RS = P0^6;
sbit EN = P0^7;
sbit D0 = P2^0;
sbit D1 = P2^1;
sbit D2 = P2^2;
sbit D3 = P2^3;
sbit D4 = P2^4;
sbit D5 = P2^5;
sbit D6 = P2^6;
sbit D7 = P2^7;
sbit ac = P3^0;
sbit buz = P0^5;

sbit mp = P1^0;
sbit mn = P1^1;
//End LCD Module Connections
void Delay(int a)
{
int j;
int i;
for(i=0;i<a;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{
}
}
}
void main()
{
int i;
buz=0;
ac=0;
mp=1;

mn=0;
Lcd8_init();
Lcd8_Set_Cursor(1,1);
Lcd8_Write_String("Alcohol sensor");
Lcd8_Write_String("system");
for(i=0;i<15;i++)
{
Delay(100);
}
While(1)
{
if(ac==1)
{
buz=1;
mp=mn=0;
Lcd8_Write_String("Alcohol : YES. ");

Lcd8_Write_String("Engine : locked");
}
else
{
mp=1;
mn=0;
buz=0;
Lcd8_Write_String("Alcohol : NO. ");
Lcd8_Write_String("Engine :Unlocked");
}
}
}
part 2
//LCD Functions Developed by YASHWANTHSAAI

//LCD Module Connections
extern bit RS;
extern bit EN;
extern bit D0;
extern bit D1;
extern bit D2;
extern bit D3;
extern bit D4;
extern bit D5;
extern bit D6;
extern bit D7;
//End LCD Module Connections
void Lcd_Delay(int a)
{
int j;
int i;
for(i=0;i<a;i++)
{

for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{
}
}
}
//LCD 8 Bit Interfacing Functions
void Lcd8_Port(char a)
{
if(a & 1)
D0 = 1;
else
D0 = 0;
if(a & 2)
D1 = 1;
else
D1 = 0;
if(a & 4)

D2 = 1;
else
D2 = 0;
if(a & 8)
D3 = 1;
else
D3 = 0;
if(a & 16)
D4 = 1;
else
D4 = 0;
if(a & 32)
D5 = 1;
else
D5 = 0;
if(a & 64)

D6 = 1;
else
D6 = 0;
if(a & 128)
D7 = 1;
else
D7 = 0;
}
void Lcd8_Cmd(char a)
{
RS = 0; // => RS = 0
Lcd8_Port(a); //Data transfer
EN = 1; // => E = 1
Lcd_Delay(5);
EN = 0; // => E = 0
}
Lcd8_Clear()
{

Lcd8_Cmd(1);
}
void Lcd8_Set_Cursor(char a, char b)
{
if(a == 1)
Lcd8_Cmd(0x80 + b);
else if(a == 2)
Lcd8_Cmd(0xC0 + b);
}
void Lcd8_Init()
{
Lcd8_Port(0x00);
RS = 0;
Lcd_Delay(200);
///////////// Reset process from datasheet /////////
Lcd8_Cmd(0x30);
Lcd_Delay(50);
Lcd8_Cmd(0x30);

Lcd_Delay(110);
Lcd8_Cmd(0x30);
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Lcd8_Cmd(0x38); //function set
Lcd8_Cmd(0x0C); //display on,cursor off,blink off
Lcd8_Cmd(0x01); //clear display
Lcd8_Cmd(0x06); //entry mode, set increment
}
void Lcd8_Write_Char(char a)
{
RS = 1; // => RS = 1
Lcd8_Port(a); //Data transfer
EN = 1; // => E = 1
Lcd_Delay(5);
EN = 0; // => E = 04
}
void Lcd8_Write_String(char *a)
{

int i;
for(i=0;a[i]!='0';i++)
Lcd8_Write_Char(a[i]);
}
void Lcd8_Shift_Right()
{
Lcd8_Cmd(0x1C);
}
void Lcd8_Shift_Left()
{
Lcd8_Cmd(0x18);
}
//End LCD 8 Bit Interfacing Functions
//LCD 4 Bit Interfacing Functions
void Lcd4_Port(char a)
{

if(a & 1)
D4 = 1;
else
D4 = 0;
if(a & 2)
D5 = 1;
else
D5 = 0;
if(a & 4)
D6 = 1;
else
D6 = 0;
if(a & 8)
D7 = 1;
else
D7 = 0;
}

void Lcd4_Cmd(char a)
{
RS = 0; // => RS = 0
Lcd4_Port(a);
EN = 1; // => E = 1
Lcd_Delay(5);
EN = 0; // => E = 0
}
Lcd4_Clear()
{
Lcd4_Cmd(0);
Lcd4_Cmd(1);
}
void Lcd4_Set_Cursor(char a, char b)
{
char temp,z,y;
if(a == 1)
{

temp = 0x80 + b;
z = temp>>4;
y = (0x80+b) & 0x0F;
Lcd4_Cmd(z);
Lcd4_Cmd(y);
}
else if(a == 2)
{
temp = 0x80 + b;
z = temp>>4;
y = (0xC0+b) & 0x0F;
Lcd4_Cmd(z);
Lcd4_Cmd(y);
}
}
void Lcd4_Init()
{
Lcd4_Port(0x00);
Lcd_Delay(200);

///////////// Reset process from datasheet /////////
Lcd4_Cmd(0x03);
Lcd_Delay(50);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x03);
Lcd_Delay(110);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x03);
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Lcd4_Cmd(0x02);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x02);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x08);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x00);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x0C);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x00);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x06);
}
void Lcd4_Write_Char(char a)
{
char temp,y;
temp = a&0x0F;

y = a&0xF0;
RS = 1; // => RS = 1
Lcd4_Port(y>>4); //Data transfer
EN = 1;
Lcd_Delay(5);
EN = 0;
Lcd4_Port(temp);
EN = 1;
Lcd_Delay(5);
EN = 0;
}
void Lcd4_Write_String(char *a)
{
int i;
for(i=0;a[i]!='0';i++)
Lcd4_Write_Char(a[i]);
}
void Lcd4_Shift_Right()

{
Lcd4_Cmd(0x01);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x0C);
}
void Lcd4_Shift_Left()
{
Lcd4_Cmd(0x01);
Lcd4_Cmd(0x08);
}
//End LCD 4 Bit Interfacing Functions

8.FEATURES
7.1 ADVANTAGES:
 Low cost.
 Automated operation.
 Low Power consumption.
 It provides an automatic safety system for cars and other vehicles
as well.
7.2 APPLICATIONS:
System configuration:
1) “Alcohol Detector project” can be used in the various vehicles for
detecting whether
the driver has consumed alcohol or not.
2) This project can also be used in various companies or organization to
detect alcohol consumption of employees.
7.3 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT:
1) We can implement GSM technology to inform the relatives or
owners of the vehicle about the alcohol consumption.
2) We can implement GPS technology to find out the location of the
vehicle.

10.CONCLUSION
In this project we have developed a real time model that
can automatically lock the engine when a drunken driver tries to drive a
car. Now-a-days car accidents are mostly seen. By fitting this alcohol
sensor into the car, we can save guard the life of the driver and also the
remaining passengers. It is very simple application. The life time of the
project is high. It has low or zero maintenance cost and of course low
power consumption.
This is a developed design to efficiently check drunken
driving. By implementing this design a safe car journey is possible
decreasing the accident rate due to drinking. By implementing this
design, drunken drivers can be controlled so are the accidents due to
drunken driving.
Government must enforce laws to install such circuit in
every car and must regulate all car companies to preinstall such
mechanisms while manufacturing the car itself. If this is achieved the
deaths due to drunken drivers can be brought to minimum level. In this
type of system, future scope can be safely landing of car aside without
disturbing other vehicles.

11. BIBILOGRAPHY
1. www.wikipedia.org
2. www.atmel.com
3. Passive Alcohol Sensors Tested in 3 States of Youth Alcohol
EnforcementNHSA(1996)
4. Muhammad Ali Mazidi,Janice Gillispie Mazidi “The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C-2nd-ed”
5. http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc1919.pdf
6. Infrared sensors: detectors, electronics, and signal processing 7.
Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design Using Microcontrollers

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