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Women, trauma and alcohol dependency: Connections and
disconnections in alcohol treatment for women
Deanna L Mulvihill, RN PhD, TLI Foundation, USA Deanna L
Mulvihill, RN PhD, TLI Foundation, USA
T Furuta et al., J Pai n Relief 2016, 5:3(Suppl)
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0846.C1.006
International Conference on
Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain (June 15-16, 2016
Philadelphia, USA)
J Pain Relief
ISSN: 2167-0846 JPAR an open access journa
Fibromyalgia 2016
June 15-16, 2016
Volume 5, Issue 3(Suppl)
Page 40
Abstract (300 word limit)
Statement of the Problem: Women who have experienced
intimate partnerviolence (IPV) are at greater risk for physical
and mental health problems including posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependency. On their own IPV,
PTSD and alcohol dependency result in significant personal,
social and economic cost and the impact of all three may
compound these costs. Researchers have reported that women
with these experiences are more difficult to treat; many do not
access treatment and those who do, frequently do not stay
because of difficulty maintaining helping relationships.
However, these women’s perspective has not been previously
studied. The purpose of this study is to describe the experience
of seeking help for alcohol dependency by women with PTSD
and a history of IPV in the context in which it occurs.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: An inter subjective
ethnographic study using hermeneutic dialogue was utilized
during participant observation, in- depth interviews and focus
groups. An ecological framework was utilized to focus on the
interaction between the counselors and the staff to understand
this relationships and the context in which it occurs. Findings:
The women in this study were very active help seekers. They
encountered many gaps in continuity of care including discharge
because of relapse. Although the treatment center was a warm,
healing and spiritual place, the women left the center without
treatment for their trauma needs and many without any referral
to address these outstanding issues. Conclusion & Significance:
Women with alcohol dependence and PTSD with a history of
IPV want help however the health and social services do not
always recognize their calls for help or their symptoms of
distress. Recommendations are made for treatment centers to
become trauma- informed that would help this recognition.
Image
Recent Publications (minimum 5)
1. Harper C (2009) The neuropathology of alcohol-related
braindamage. Alcohol Alcohol 44:136-140.
1. Heilig M, Egli M (2006) Pharmacological treatment of
alcohol dependence: Target symptoms and target mechanisms.
Pharmacology and therapeutics 111:855-876.
1. LiX, SchwachaMG, ChaudryIH, ChoudhryMA
(2008)Acutealcohol intoxication potentiates neutrophil-
mediated intestinal tissue damage after burn injury. Shock
29:377.
1. Room R, BaborT, Rehm J (2005) Alcohol and public health.
Lancet
365: 519-530.
5. Sullivan EV, Zahr NM (2008) Neuroinflammation as a
neurotoxic mechanism in alcoholism: Commentary on
“Increased MCP- 1 and microglia in various regions of
human alcoholic brain”. Experimental neurology 213:10-17.
Biography (150 word limit)
Deanna Mulvihill has her expertise in evaluation and passion in
improving the health and wellbeing. Her open and contextual
evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates
new pathways for improving healthcare. She has built this
model after years of experience in research, evaluation,
teaching and administration both in hospital and education
institutions. The foundation is based on fourth generation
evaluation (Guba& Lincoln, 1989) which is a methodology that
utilizes the previous generations of evaluation: measurement,
description and judgment. It allows for value-pluralism. This
approach is responsive to all stakeholders and has a different
way of focusing.
Email: [email protected]
Notes/Comments:
The Detoxification of Heroin & Crack Cocaine-References
Onediouth L. Hutto James
Grand Canyon University: CNL-527 Principles of
Psychopharmacology
September 25, 2019
References
Fernandez, H., & Libby, T. (2011) Heroin: Its History,
Pharmacology, and Treatment. Retrieved from
https://books.google.com/books?id=aEXXDQAAQBAJ&printsec
=frontcover&dq=heroin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimy-
PMx-
fkAhUxnq0KHVaMAUMQ6AEwAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q
=heroin&f=false
Horning, N. (2017) Heroin: Killer Drug Epidemic. Retrieved
from:
https://books.google.com/books?id=jH1mDwAAQBAJ&printsec
=frontcover&dq=heroin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimy-
PMx-
fkAhUxnq0KHVaMAUMQ6AEwBHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q
=heroin&f=false
Neale, Joanne (2018) Patient views of opioid pharmacotherapy
biodelivery systems: Qualitative study to assist treatment
decision making. Experimental and Clinical
Psychopharmacoogy, Vol 26(6), 570-581 Retrieved from
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.co
m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edswss&AN=000452230000006&
site=eds-live&scope=site
United States Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and
Government Reform (2017) America’s heroin and opioid abuse
epidemic: hearing before the Committee on Oversight and
Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred
Fourteenth Congress, second session Retrieved from
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.co
m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgpr&AN=edsgpr.001025886&
site=eds-live&scope=site
Giordano, A., Prosek, E. & Hastings, T. (2016) Examining
college counselors’ integration of religion and spirituality into
substance abuse counseling. Journal of Addictions & Offender
Counseling Retrieved from
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.co
m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hpi&AN=HaPI-413683&site=eds-
live&scope=site
Ruiz, P. & Strain, E. (2014) The Substance Abuse Handbook
Retrieved from
https://books.google.com/books?id=OKgaAwAAQBAJ&printsec
=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q
&f=false
Moraes, F. (2016) The Heroin User’s Handbook Retrieved from
https://books.google.com/books?id=rX1ODQAAQBAJ&printsec
=frontcover&dq=scholarly+resources+on+the+pharmacology+of
+heroin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifpcS-m-
rkAhVrU98KHeoKDaU4ChDoATAJegQICRAC#v=onepage&q&
f=false
The University of Arizona Methoide Origin and History
Retrieved from
https://methoide.fcm.arizona.edu/infocenter/index.cfm?stid=174
National Institute on Drug Abuse What is the scope of heroin
use in the United States? Retrieved from
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-
reports/heroin/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states
The Detoxification of Heroin & Crack Cocaine-Outline
The Detoxification of Heroin & Crack Cocaine-Outline
Onediouth L. Hutto James
Grand Canyon University: CNL-527 Principles of
Psychopharmacology
October 1, 2019
Thesis: Heroin and Cocaine addicts. Two drug addictions,
that when said aloud, typically bring to mind a sunken
individual. An individual with no real hope of recovery from
these addictions, as the use of either drug is a seemingly
hopeless, never ending attachment. Can one truly recover from
such addictions?
I. Introduction
A. Background info on Heroin and Cocaine addiction
1. Explanation/history of the Heroin (history on the drug, not
effect of drug)
2. Explanation/history of the Cocaine (history of the drug, not
effect of drug)
3. Reasons one might think the addiction to these drugs might
be impossible to overcome
B. Thesis statement
II. Psychopharmacology of Heroin and Cocaine
A. Explanation of how an addition can affect the user’s mind
and behavior
B. How treatments correct these affects
III. Current Trends/Matters with Heroin and Cocaine
A. Statistical data/surveys on drug use (Comparison of past
times versus recent times with drug use)
B. Prediction of future drug use
C. Societal Concerns or Issues Related to Heroin and Cocaine
IV. Combating Additions to Heroin and Cocaine
A. Drug addiction statistics
B. Necessities to starting the road to recovery
C. Options and available help for treating addictions
V. Significance/Relevance of Heroin and Cocaine to the
Counseling Profession
A. Discussion on counseling for recovery from Heroin and
Cocaine
B. Differences, if any, between counseling strategies for Heroin
and Cocaine vs other drugs
VI. Conclusion
A. Summary of main points of paper
B. Restate Thesis
Rubic_Print_FormatCourse CodeClass CodeAssignment
TitleTotal PointsCNL-527CNL-527-O501Research Paper: Final
(Course Obj.)100.0CriteriaPercentageUnsatisfactory
(0.00%)Less Than Satisfactory (74.00%)Satisfactory
(79.00%)Good (87.00%)Excellent (100.00%)CommentsPoints
EarnedContent70.0%Brief History of Topic10.0%Paper does not
provide brief history of topic.Paper provides brief history of
topic, but history is inaccurate.Paper provides brief history of
topic. History of topic is accurately described.Paper provides
brief history of topic including significant developments and
timelines. History of topic is accurately described.Paper
provides brief history of topic including all significant
developments and timelines. History of topic is accurately
described.Psychopharmacology of the Drug20.0%Paper does not
include a description of the psychopharmacology of the
drug.Paper explains psychopharmacology of the drug, but
explanation is inaccurate or unfeasible and not well
supported.Paper explains psychopharmacology of the drug, but
explanation could be better supported with research.Paper
explains psychopharmacology of the drug. Uses critical thinking
to analyze the psychopharmacology of the drug.Paper explains
psychopharmacology of the drug. Uses critical thinking to
analyze the psychopharmacology of the drug. Research is used
to clearly support analysis.Current Trends or Issues10.0%Paper
does not discuss current trends or issues.Paper identifies and
discusses current trends or issues related to the topic, but
discussion is inaccurate or unfeasible.Paper identifies and
discusses current trends or issues related to the topic.Paper
identifies and discusses current trends or issues related to the
topic. Research is used to support discussion and is mostly
accurate.Paper accurately identifies and discusses current trends
or issues related to the topic. Research is used to clearly
support discussion.Societal Concerns or Issues10.0%Paper does
not identify or discuss societal concerns or issues related to the
topic.Paper identifies and discusses societal concerns or issues
related to the topic, but discussion is inaccurate or
unfeasible.Paper identifies and discusses societal concerns or
issues related to the topic.Paper identifies and discusses societal
concerns or issues related to the topic. Research is used to
support discussion and is mostly accurate.Paper identifies and
discusses societal concerns or issues related to the topic.
Research is used to clearly support discussion.Significance or
Relevance of Topic to Counseling Profession10.0%Paper does
not explain significance or relevance of topic to the counseling
profession.Paper explains significance or relevance of topic to
the counseling profession, but explanation is inaccurate or
unfeasible and not well supported.Paper explains significance or
relevance of topic to the counseling profession, but explanation
could be better supported with research.Paper explains
significance or relevance of topic to the counseling profession.
Uses critical thinking to analyze the relevance of the topic to
the counseling profession.Paper explains significance or
relevance of topic to the counseling profession. Uses critical
thinking to analyze the relevance of the topic to the counseling
profession. Research is used to clearly support analysis.Future
Implications10.0%Paper does not propose future implications of
the topic to the counseling profession.Paper proposes future
implications of the topic to the counseling profession, but the
explanation is inaccurate or unfeasible.Paper clearly proposes
future implications of the topic to the counseling profession, but
the explanation could be better supported with research.Paper
proposes future implications of the topic to the counseling
profession and uses critical thinking to analyze the future
implications of the topic.Paper proposes future implications of
the topic to the counseling profession, uses critical thinking to
analyze future implications, and provides research to support
the analysis.Organization and Effectiveness20.0%Thesis
Development and Purpose7.0%Paper lacks any discernible
overall purpose or organizing claim.Thesis and/or main claim
are insufficiently developed and/or vague; purpose is not
clear.Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to
purpose.Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the
development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the
arguments and appropriate to the purpose.Thesis and/or main
claim are comprehensive. The essence of the paper is contained
within the thesis. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the
paper clear.Argument Logic and Construction8.0%Statement of
purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does
not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses
noncredible sources.Sufficient justification of claims is lacking.
Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the
logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.Argument is
orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument
presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically,
but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are
credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the
thesis.Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of
argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of
claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are
authoritative.Clear and convincing argument presents a
persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All
sources are authoritative.Mechanics of Writing (includes
spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)5.0%Surface
errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of
meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence
construction are used.Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors
distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice
(register), sentence structure, and/or word choice are
present.Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not
overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and
audience-appropriate language are used.Prose is largely free of
mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of
sentence structures and effective figures of speech are
used.Writer is clearly in command of standard, written,
academic English.Format10.0%Paper Format (use of
appropriate style for the major and assignment)5.0%Template is
not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely
followed correctly.Appropriate template is used, but some
elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with
formatting is apparent.Appropriate template is used. Formatting
is correct, although some minor errors may be
present.Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually
no errors in formatting style.All format elements are
correct.Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes,
references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and
style)5.0%Sources are not documented.Documentation of
sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to
assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.Sources
are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style,
although some formatting errors may be present.Sources are
documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format
is mostly correct.Sources are completely and correctly
documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format
is free of error.Total Weightage100%

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Women, trauma and alcohol dependency Connections and disconnections.docx

  • 1. Women, trauma and alcohol dependency: Connections and disconnections in alcohol treatment for women Deanna L Mulvihill, RN PhD, TLI Foundation, USA Deanna L Mulvihill, RN PhD, TLI Foundation, USA T Furuta et al., J Pai n Relief 2016, 5:3(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0846.C1.006 International Conference on Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain (June 15-16, 2016 Philadelphia, USA) J Pain Relief ISSN: 2167-0846 JPAR an open access journa Fibromyalgia 2016 June 15-16, 2016 Volume 5, Issue 3(Suppl) Page 40 Abstract (300 word limit) Statement of the Problem: Women who have experienced intimate partnerviolence (IPV) are at greater risk for physical and mental health problems including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependency. On their own IPV, PTSD and alcohol dependency result in significant personal, social and economic cost and the impact of all three may compound these costs. Researchers have reported that women with these experiences are more difficult to treat; many do not access treatment and those who do, frequently do not stay because of difficulty maintaining helping relationships. However, these women’s perspective has not been previously
  • 2. studied. The purpose of this study is to describe the experience of seeking help for alcohol dependency by women with PTSD and a history of IPV in the context in which it occurs. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: An inter subjective ethnographic study using hermeneutic dialogue was utilized during participant observation, in- depth interviews and focus groups. An ecological framework was utilized to focus on the interaction between the counselors and the staff to understand this relationships and the context in which it occurs. Findings: The women in this study were very active help seekers. They encountered many gaps in continuity of care including discharge because of relapse. Although the treatment center was a warm, healing and spiritual place, the women left the center without treatment for their trauma needs and many without any referral to address these outstanding issues. Conclusion & Significance: Women with alcohol dependence and PTSD with a history of IPV want help however the health and social services do not always recognize their calls for help or their symptoms of distress. Recommendations are made for treatment centers to become trauma- informed that would help this recognition. Image Recent Publications (minimum 5) 1. Harper C (2009) The neuropathology of alcohol-related braindamage. Alcohol Alcohol 44:136-140. 1. Heilig M, Egli M (2006) Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: Target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology and therapeutics 111:855-876. 1. LiX, SchwachaMG, ChaudryIH, ChoudhryMA (2008)Acutealcohol intoxication potentiates neutrophil- mediated intestinal tissue damage after burn injury. Shock 29:377. 1. Room R, BaborT, Rehm J (2005) Alcohol and public health.
  • 3. Lancet 365: 519-530. 5. Sullivan EV, Zahr NM (2008) Neuroinflammation as a neurotoxic mechanism in alcoholism: Commentary on “Increased MCP- 1 and microglia in various regions of human alcoholic brain”. Experimental neurology 213:10-17. Biography (150 word limit) Deanna Mulvihill has her expertise in evaluation and passion in improving the health and wellbeing. Her open and contextual evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new pathways for improving healthcare. She has built this model after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in hospital and education institutions. The foundation is based on fourth generation evaluation (Guba& Lincoln, 1989) which is a methodology that utilizes the previous generations of evaluation: measurement, description and judgment. It allows for value-pluralism. This approach is responsive to all stakeholders and has a different way of focusing. Email: [email protected] Notes/Comments:
  • 4. The Detoxification of Heroin & Crack Cocaine-References Onediouth L. Hutto James Grand Canyon University: CNL-527 Principles of Psychopharmacology September 25, 2019 References Fernandez, H., & Libby, T. (2011) Heroin: Its History, Pharmacology, and Treatment. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=aEXXDQAAQBAJ&printsec =frontcover&dq=heroin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimy- PMx- fkAhUxnq0KHVaMAUMQ6AEwAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q =heroin&f=false Horning, N. (2017) Heroin: Killer Drug Epidemic. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com/books?id=jH1mDwAAQBAJ&printsec =frontcover&dq=heroin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimy- PMx- fkAhUxnq0KHVaMAUMQ6AEwBHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q =heroin&f=false Neale, Joanne (2018) Patient views of opioid pharmacotherapy biodelivery systems: Qualitative study to assist treatment decision making. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacoogy, Vol 26(6), 570-581 Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.co m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edswss&AN=000452230000006& site=eds-live&scope=site
  • 5. United States Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (2017) America’s heroin and opioid abuse epidemic: hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, second session Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.co m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgpr&AN=edsgpr.001025886& site=eds-live&scope=site Giordano, A., Prosek, E. & Hastings, T. (2016) Examining college counselors’ integration of religion and spirituality into substance abuse counseling. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.co m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hpi&AN=HaPI-413683&site=eds- live&scope=site Ruiz, P. & Strain, E. (2014) The Substance Abuse Handbook Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=OKgaAwAAQBAJ&printsec =frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q &f=false Moraes, F. (2016) The Heroin User’s Handbook Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=rX1ODQAAQBAJ&printsec =frontcover&dq=scholarly+resources+on+the+pharmacology+of +heroin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifpcS-m- rkAhVrU98KHeoKDaU4ChDoATAJegQICRAC#v=onepage&q& f=false The University of Arizona Methoide Origin and History Retrieved from https://methoide.fcm.arizona.edu/infocenter/index.cfm?stid=174 National Institute on Drug Abuse What is the scope of heroin use in the United States? Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research- reports/heroin/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states The Detoxification of Heroin & Crack Cocaine-Outline
  • 6. The Detoxification of Heroin & Crack Cocaine-Outline Onediouth L. Hutto James Grand Canyon University: CNL-527 Principles of Psychopharmacology October 1, 2019 Thesis: Heroin and Cocaine addicts. Two drug addictions, that when said aloud, typically bring to mind a sunken individual. An individual with no real hope of recovery from these addictions, as the use of either drug is a seemingly
  • 7. hopeless, never ending attachment. Can one truly recover from such addictions? I. Introduction A. Background info on Heroin and Cocaine addiction 1. Explanation/history of the Heroin (history on the drug, not effect of drug) 2. Explanation/history of the Cocaine (history of the drug, not effect of drug) 3. Reasons one might think the addiction to these drugs might be impossible to overcome B. Thesis statement II. Psychopharmacology of Heroin and Cocaine A. Explanation of how an addition can affect the user’s mind and behavior B. How treatments correct these affects III. Current Trends/Matters with Heroin and Cocaine A. Statistical data/surveys on drug use (Comparison of past times versus recent times with drug use) B. Prediction of future drug use C. Societal Concerns or Issues Related to Heroin and Cocaine IV. Combating Additions to Heroin and Cocaine A. Drug addiction statistics B. Necessities to starting the road to recovery C. Options and available help for treating addictions V. Significance/Relevance of Heroin and Cocaine to the Counseling Profession
  • 8. A. Discussion on counseling for recovery from Heroin and Cocaine B. Differences, if any, between counseling strategies for Heroin and Cocaine vs other drugs VI. Conclusion A. Summary of main points of paper B. Restate Thesis Rubic_Print_FormatCourse CodeClass CodeAssignment TitleTotal PointsCNL-527CNL-527-O501Research Paper: Final (Course Obj.)100.0CriteriaPercentageUnsatisfactory (0.00%)Less Than Satisfactory (74.00%)Satisfactory (79.00%)Good (87.00%)Excellent (100.00%)CommentsPoints EarnedContent70.0%Brief History of Topic10.0%Paper does not provide brief history of topic.Paper provides brief history of topic, but history is inaccurate.Paper provides brief history of topic. History of topic is accurately described.Paper provides brief history of topic including significant developments and timelines. History of topic is accurately described.Paper provides brief history of topic including all significant developments and timelines. History of topic is accurately described.Psychopharmacology of the Drug20.0%Paper does not include a description of the psychopharmacology of the drug.Paper explains psychopharmacology of the drug, but explanation is inaccurate or unfeasible and not well supported.Paper explains psychopharmacology of the drug, but explanation could be better supported with research.Paper explains psychopharmacology of the drug. Uses critical thinking to analyze the psychopharmacology of the drug.Paper explains psychopharmacology of the drug. Uses critical thinking to analyze the psychopharmacology of the drug. Research is used to clearly support analysis.Current Trends or Issues10.0%Paper does not discuss current trends or issues.Paper identifies and
  • 9. discusses current trends or issues related to the topic, but discussion is inaccurate or unfeasible.Paper identifies and discusses current trends or issues related to the topic.Paper identifies and discusses current trends or issues related to the topic. Research is used to support discussion and is mostly accurate.Paper accurately identifies and discusses current trends or issues related to the topic. Research is used to clearly support discussion.Societal Concerns or Issues10.0%Paper does not identify or discuss societal concerns or issues related to the topic.Paper identifies and discusses societal concerns or issues related to the topic, but discussion is inaccurate or unfeasible.Paper identifies and discusses societal concerns or issues related to the topic.Paper identifies and discusses societal concerns or issues related to the topic. Research is used to support discussion and is mostly accurate.Paper identifies and discusses societal concerns or issues related to the topic. Research is used to clearly support discussion.Significance or Relevance of Topic to Counseling Profession10.0%Paper does not explain significance or relevance of topic to the counseling profession.Paper explains significance or relevance of topic to the counseling profession, but explanation is inaccurate or unfeasible and not well supported.Paper explains significance or relevance of topic to the counseling profession, but explanation could be better supported with research.Paper explains significance or relevance of topic to the counseling profession. Uses critical thinking to analyze the relevance of the topic to the counseling profession.Paper explains significance or relevance of topic to the counseling profession. Uses critical thinking to analyze the relevance of the topic to the counseling profession. Research is used to clearly support analysis.Future Implications10.0%Paper does not propose future implications of the topic to the counseling profession.Paper proposes future implications of the topic to the counseling profession, but the explanation is inaccurate or unfeasible.Paper clearly proposes future implications of the topic to the counseling profession, but the explanation could be better supported with research.Paper
  • 10. proposes future implications of the topic to the counseling profession and uses critical thinking to analyze the future implications of the topic.Paper proposes future implications of the topic to the counseling profession, uses critical thinking to analyze future implications, and provides research to support the analysis.Organization and Effectiveness20.0%Thesis Development and Purpose7.0%Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or vague; purpose is not clear.Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to purpose.Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive. The essence of the paper is contained within the thesis. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.Argument Logic and Construction8.0%Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)5.0%Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used.Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice
  • 11. (register), sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.Format10.0%Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)5.0%Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.All format elements are correct.Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)5.0%Sources are not documented.Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.Total Weightage100%