Project report

1. AMRUTAINSTITUTE OFENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING
PROJECT SEMINAR ON
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE BLOCKS BY PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH LATERITE STONE & FINE AGGREGATE
WITH WASTE CERAMIC POWDER
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PRESENTED BY
Mrs. ARPITHAG CAND Mr. PRASAD K N VINOD KUMAR V (1AR21CV404)
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS HARISHA G (1AR21CV402)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING THRUPTHI S (1AR20CV001)
7TH SEM 4TH YEAR

2. CONTENTS
• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVES
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• MATERIALS USED
• REPLACEMENT DONE IN OUR EXPERIMENT
• METHEDOLOGY

3. Abstract: Concrete is one of the oldest manufactured construction material used in construction of various structure around
the world. Due to its high demand the material used for concrete production depleting every year. Thus, an investigation on
searching for alternatives material which has potential to replace use of laterite and waste ceramic in concrete mix is very
much in need. it is very essential to develop eco-friendly concrete from Laterite and ceramic waste. In the ceramic industry,
about 3% to 18% waste material is generated from the total production. Wastages Laterites in Construction Site. Hence, the
need for its application in other industries is becoming absolutely vital. This paper deals with the experimental study on the
mechanical strength properties of M25 grade concrete with the partial replacement of sand by using ceramic waste. Coarse
aggregates were replaced by crushed laterite stone, The concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, and the
results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete In order to analyze the mechanical properties such as
compressive strength, the samples were casted with 3%, 6%, 9% replacement of Coarse aggregate using Laterite and 10%,
15%, 20% replacement of sand using ceramic waste tested for at a periods of curing 28 days. The optimum of percentage
addition of Laterite and Ceramic waste is analyzed considering the requirements of mechanical properties of concrete.
Key words: Ceramic wastes, Laterite stone, Partial replacement, Eco-friendly, Behavioral study.

4. I.INTRODUCTION:
• In this project we use the ceramic waste materials by replacing partially with cement in the concrete.
• ceramic wastes is an inorganic, nonmetallic, solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held
in ionic and covalent bonds. In India ceramic production is 100 million tons per year.
• In this ceramic industry, about 15% - 30% production goes as waste.
• This waste is not recycled in any form at present. However, the ceramic waste is durable, hard and highly resistant of
biological, chemical and physical degradation this leads to serious environmental and dust pollution, occupation of vast area
of land.
• Concrete is one of the oldest manufactured construction material used in constructing of various structures around the
world and the most widely used in all types of civil engineering works, including infrastructure, low and high-rise
buildings, defence installations, environment protection and local/domestic developments.
• It is a construction material obtained by mixing a binder (such as cement, lime, mud etc.), aggregate (sand and gravel or
shingle or crushed aggregate), and water in certain proportions.
• Concrete is generally made of aggregate, cement and water.

5. • Laterite stones which are reddish tropically weathered pedogenic surface deposits occurring in Asia,
Australia, Africa and South America.
• Lateritic stones which are laterite to a lesser degree often occur alongside laterites in the tropics and sub-
tropics.
• The replacement of normal aggregate with lateritic aggregate has influence on engineering properties of
concrete.
• The study discovered that replacement of 10 lateritic aggregate can produce lateritic concrete exhibiting
comparable strength with normal concrete.
• However replacement of lateritic aggregate up to 30 was able to produce lateritic concrete exhibiting the
targeted strength of 25 N/mm2.
• The use of lateritic as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in the concrete resulted in specimens with
reduced workability, the workability reduced with increasing addition of lateritic aggregate in the mix.

6. II. OBJECTIVE
• To effectively utilize the waste material from ceramic industries in concrete
• To replace the fine aggregates (M-sand) with various percentage of ceramic waste in concrete
• To conduct the mechanical strength tests for concrete with the partial replacement of fine aggregate by
ceramic waste
• To study the effect of compressive characteristic properties of ceramic waste in concrete
• To study the combined effect of lateritic and Waste Ceramic on fresh and hardened properties of
concrete.
• To know the optimum percentage replacement of aggregates which attains maximum strength.
• To reduce the use of ceramic tiles aggregates.
• Sustainable management of natural resources.

7. III. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Salman Siddique et al [1] (2018) did his study on durability properties of Bone China Ceramic Fine Aggregate Concrete (BCCFA). In
this iBCCFA was replaced partially with fine aggregate by 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100.
 Salman Siddique et al [2] (2018) investigated strength and impact resistance properties of concrete containing fine bone china ceramic
aggregate (BCCA). In his research he investigated mechanical properties of concrete by replacing ceramic aggregate with fine aggregate at
0%, 20%, 40%, 60%,80% and 100% in which 18 mixesiwere prepared with three water binder ratio i.e. 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55.
 Salman Siddique et al [3] (2018) studied permeability properties of Bone China Ceramic Fine Aggregate Concrete (BCCFA). BCCFA
was replaced partially with fine aggregate by 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% in which water to binder iratio was kept at 0.35
constantly.
 Salman Siddique et al [4] (2017) studied the influence of ceramic waste on compressive strength of concrete. In this study, natural sand
was replaced with different percentages of ceramic waste from 0, 20, 40, 60 and 100 and mixes were prepared with three water cement
ratios that is 0.35, 0.45, i0.55.
 Babitharani H, Amit Gavali. [5] (2019) They performed an experimental study on concrete with laterite aggregate. They concluded that
due to rough surface of aggregate, the bonding between cement paste and aggregate will be better and it will effect on the strength and high
water required compared with smooth surface of laterite aggregate. The compressive strength of concrete with aggregate was higher than
compressive strength of concrete with laterite aggregate, which may be due to the less strength of the laterite aggregate as compared to the
natural granite aggregate. The compressive strength of concrete with 10% laterite aggregate (13.69 N/mm2) was relatively the same
compared with crushed granite concrete (15.44 N/mm2).

8.  Afolayan. [5] (2019) They carried out an experimental investigation on concrete mixed with laterite aggregates. They observed that the
replacement of normal aggregate with lateritic aggregate has influence on engineering properties of concrete. This study discovered that
replacement of 10% lateritic aggregate can produce lateritic concrete exhibiting comparable strength with normal concrete. However,
replacement of lateritic aggregate up to 30% was able to produce lateritic concrete which met the requirement for use as structural light
weight concrete. Which is between 21 – 35 N/mm2 at 28 days of Curing and also the targeted grade strength is 25 N/mm2. The use of
lateritic aggregate as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in the concrete resulted in specimens with reduced workability. Sachin. K. C
(2019) They studied the compressive strength of concrete mixed with lateritic aggregates. From this study it was observed that compressive
strength initially increases with replacement of coarse aggregate by laterite up to 20% of replacement of laterite is 48.63 N/mm2 (28 Days)
and after that there is decrease in compressive strength of concrete as the mix became less cohesive and less workable. And the durability
test results indicate that the percentage change in strength and the increase or decrease in weight of the specimen is reasonable for 20%
replacement which is due to porous structure of laterite.
IV. MATERIAL INVESTIGATION
1. Cement :
The cement used should confirm IS specifications. There are several types of cements available commercially in the market of which
Portland cement is very common and it is well known and available everywhere. PPC 43 grade was used for this study. The physical properties
of the cement tested according to standard procedure confirm to the requirement of IS 12269:1989.

9. 2. Fine Aggregate :
Locally available river sand passing through 4.75mm sieve conforming to the recommendation of IS 383:1970 is used. Specific Gravity of
fine aggregate is found and the particle size distributed.
3 .Coarse Aggregate:
Coarse aggregate to be used for production of concrete must be strong, impermeable, durable and capable of producing a sufficient workable
mix with minimum water cement ratio to achieve proper strength. Locally available coarse aggregate retaining on 4.75 mm sieve is used.
Specific Gravity of coarse aggregate was found
4 .Water :
The quality of mixing water for concrete has a visual effect on the resulting hardened concrete. Impurities in water may interfere with the
setting time of cement and will adversely affect the strength and durability of concrete with copper slag. Fresh and clean water which is from
organic matter silt, oil, and acid material as per standards is used for casting the specimens. Water that is piped from the public supplies is
used.
5 .Ceramic Wastes :
A ceramic is an inorganic compound, nonmetallic, solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and
covalent bonds. This article gives an overview of ceramic materials from the point of view of materials science. The ceramic wastes are used
as partial substitute for fine aggregate. The fraction of 4.75mm is used.

10. 6. Laterite aggregate :
Laterite is a highly weathered material rich in secondary oxides of Iron, Aluminium or both. It is nearly devoid of base and
primary silicates but may contain large amount of quarts, and Kaolinite. Laterite has been used for wall construction around the
world. It is cheap, environmentally friendly and abundantly available building material in the tropical region. They observed
that the restriction of laterite building to rural areas is due to lack of accepted standard design parameters for the effective
structural application of laterite concrete. Laterite aggregate is sieved in 20mm sieve and the aggregate passing through the
sieve is used.
V. Replacements done in our experiment :
 Quantities of the ingredients required for 1 Cube concrete (M25):
% of ceramic
Waste replacement
Cement content
kg/m^3
Fine aggregate
kg/m^3
Ceramic waste
kg/m^3
0% 1.87 kg 240 kg 0
10% 1.87 kg 2160 gm 240 gm
15% 1.87 kg 2040 gm 360 gm
20% 1.87 kg 1920 gm 480 gm

11.  Quantities of the ingredients required for 1 Cube concrete (M25):
% of Laterite
replacement
Cement content
kg/m^3
Coarse aggregate
kg/m^3
Laterite Waste
kg/m^3
0% 1.87 4.05 0
3% 1.87 3928.5 gm 121.5 gm
6% 1.87 3807 gm 243 gm
9% 1.87 3685.5 gm 364.5 gm
Specimen Size Number of Specimens
No of
Conventional
Cubes
No of Cubes at
every %
replacement of
Laterite
No of Cubes at every
% replacement of
Ceramic
No of Cubes at every %
Combination
replacement of Laterite
And Ceramic
Cube
150x150x150mm
3 9 9 3
Total No. of Cubes = 24

12. VI. METHODOLOGY
 Identification of problem (demand of fine and coarse aggregate)
 Literature reference (characteristics properties of material)
 Procurement of materials (Ceramic wastes material & M-sand, Laterite & Coarse aggregate)
 Testing of material (Fineness modulus test, Specific gravity test, Sieve Analysis test for Coarse
& Fine aggregate)
 Mix design calculation (M25 grade of concrete)
 Casting and curing (cubes )
 Testing of specimen (Compressive strength)
 Result discussion (Comparison with Conventional Concrete)

13. THANK YOU