Mineral resources exploration

1. «Mineral resources and
geology»
National Academy of Science of
Kyrgyz Republic

2. Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 75 00 E

3. Geographical data of Kyrgyzstan
• Area:
total: 198,951 km²
land: 191,801 km²
water: 8,150 km²
• Land boundaries:
total: 3,051 km
border countries: the People's Republic of China 858 km,
Kazakhstan 1,224 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan
1,099 km
• Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
• Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
• Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Kara-Darya 132 m
highest point: Peak Jengish Chokusu 7,439 m

4. Resources and land use
• Natural resources: abundant hydropower; significant deposits
of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, petroleum,
and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth,
lead, and zinc.
• Land use:
arable land: 6.38%
permanent crops: 0.37%
other: 93.24% (2011)
note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural
growth walnut forest, Arslanbob, located in Jalal-Abad rovince with
an enormous variety of different genetic characteristics. It is
believed that most of the world's walnut varieties derive from the
original species still found here.
• Irrigated land: 10,210 km² (2005)
• Total renewable water resources: 23.62 km3
(2011)

5. Layout lineaments and mineral
deposits in Kyrgyzstan

6. Meridional lineaments
These include the area "Terekkan Altyn -
Dzhilginskaya", "Kichi - Alai - Andashskaya",
"Solton-Sary - Mironovskaya", "Central - Issyk-Kul",
"Kumtor" which are the most intense and rich in
quantity and composition deposit mining district of
Kyrgyzstan ( gold ore , silver , gold-copper-
porphyry deposits , gold - sulfide- quartz veins and
mineralized zones with significant cobalt impurities,
arsenic, tin , bismuth , zinc, " exotic impurity " of
lanthanum, cerium oxide, boron )

7. Latitudinal lineaments.
Which includes North Kyrgyz, median,
Turkestan-Alai latitudinal lineamenty. In which
concentrated mercury and antimony-mercury,
gold, copper, gold-arsenic objects, gold, silver,
beryllium, rare earth, vanadium, copper,
bismuth.

8. Geological map of Kyrgyzstan on
ArcGIS
It was composed electronic map with a legend of minerals of KR and
segmentation of territory, which were linked to the coordinates.

9. Stage of a mark and filling of data on
segments

10. Stage of a mark and filling of data on
segments

11. • The ratio of ETM+ Band 3 to Band 1 (3/1) renders most of the
area in rather dark gray or bright grey, which corresponds to
zones of strong hematitic alteration. The Spectral response of
the weathered iron minerals has weak reflectance in the blue
region (band1) and strong reflectance in the red region (band 3),
so the ratio 3/1, which has high values can be used for iron
oxide. The ratio 4/2 is similar to 3/1 but the bright areas appear
displaced. This can be explained by the existence of vegetation
or organic materials.

12. • Absorption caused by kaolinite, montmorillonite
and clay minerals results in low reflectance in
band 7 and high reflectance in band 5. So, the
ratio image 5/7 would have bright signatures for
clay minerals. Unaltered rock in bands 5 and 7
are identical in brightness. This brightness is
equal one in the case of ratio image for ferrous
minerals; the best ratio image was 5/ 4

13. The color composition of ratio 3/1, 5/7, 3/5 (RGB) over
expresses the geological information and provides higher
contrast between the blocks than conventional color images

14. Color composite of ratio images 3/1, 5/7 ans 3/5 prepared from
Landsat ETM+ expressing the main geological formations.
Limestone, gypsum
appears as green color.
The red color represents
the tuff (the light,
cemented, porous rock)
pink color is Madhala
basalt.

15. Segment analysis by spectral map overlay image.

16. Analysis of minerals in the south-east
of Issyk-Kul

17. Analysis of minerals in the south-east
of Issyk-Kul

18. Picture of the spectra 3/1-5/7-3/5

19. Legend segments
As a result, color composition ratio spectra
3/1, 5/7, 3/5 shot with ERS were obtained
three main geological formations selected
shades of green, red, pink shades that match
some segments of the electronic card.

20. The ratio geological remote sensing image and
pharmacies segments e-cards
Shades on
remote
sensing
images
Geologic
Pharmacy
Области
сегм-тов
Геологические фармации
Green Limestone,
gypsum
P-Q Conglomerates, sandstone, pebbles, sand, clay,
plaster and stone layer of salt.
C1-P1 gray siltstone, sandstone, clay, shale, limestone, colored sand
D2-C2 quartz stones, conglomerates, siltstones, dolomite, limestone,
gypsum and interlayer Marisa
Pink basalt D2-C2 quartz stones, conglomerates, siltstones, dolomite, limestone,
gypsum and interlayer Marisa
C3-P1 granite, granodiorite, leucogranite.
Red tuff (light
cemented,
porous rock)
P2-T1 Lava, tuff basalt, andesite, rhyolite, sandstone and
conglomerates.

21. Isolation of color compositions geological
pharmacies
P-Q
D2-C2
C3-P1
D2-C2
P2-T1
C1-P1

22. What is necessary for geological
research by remote sensing?

23. • Hyperspectral analysis (hyperspectral image)
• Multispectral analysis (multispectral image)
• HDF files
• metadata

24. Hyperspectral and Multispectral Differences

25. HDF
• HDF - Hierarchical Data Format (HDF, HDF4,
or HDF5) is the name of a set of file formats
and libraries designed to store and organize
large amounts of numerical data.
• HDF files are self-describing: for each HDF
data structure in a file, there is comprehensive
information about the data and its location in
the file.

26. Data structure of ASTER satellite
image of HDF-EOS format

27. Spectral curves of the different minerals

28. Thank you for attention!