Develop and piloting implement of Participatory Rangeland Management as an effective land use planning and natural resource management system in Bamyan’s rangelands; Improve pastoral livelihoods and the productivity of the rangelands and enhance their contribution to national poverty reduction, food security and economic growth; Contribution to sustainable natural resource management especially rangeland and watershed; Building communities’ ownership of the natural resource;

1. Introduction to
Participatory Rangeland Management (PRM)
Compiling and Prepared by: Gul Nabi Khan Noorani

2. What do you know about PRM?

3. • Community Based Natural Resources Management or
participatory approach for NRM is systemic approach to
conservation that allows those closest to resources, and
who bear the costs of conservation, to manage resources
and benefit from its management and use.
• Community based natural resource management
(CBNRM) is a way for communities to work together to
protect their natural resources and at the same time
bring long-lasting benefits to the community and future
generations
Community Based Natural Resources
Management or Participatory Approach for NRM

4. Rangeland Productivity hotspots’ need
to be protected for pastoralists to
ensure the viability and growth of the
pastoral production system as a whole
Rangeland Productivity Hotspots

5. At the end of this session, participant will be able
to understand :
• What is Participatory Rangeland Management
(PRM) ?
• Determine the stages and steps of PRM?
• Why PRM is important?
• Discuss the principle of rangeland
management and grazing ?
Learning objectives

6. • Develop and piloting implement of Participatory
Rangeland Management as an effective land use
planning and natural resource management system in
Bamyan’s rangelands;
• Improve pastoral livelihoods and the productivity of the
rangelands and enhance their contribution to national
poverty reduction, food security and economic growth;
• Contribution to sustainable natural resource
management especially rangeland and watershed;
• Building communities’ ownership of the natural
resource;
Purpose- which the NRM project will achieve

7. Output: Commonly beneficial and climate smart natural
resource management practices and infrastructure is
established in four districts.
PRM Key Activities:
• Rangeland Management Groups or Pasture user groups
establishment;
• The people agree upon customary community rangeland
management groups are legally enabled to oversee the
sustainable management of the natural resources found
in the defined rangeland area;
• Rangeland management plan developed and agreement
signed with local people at the pastoral area;
Project Output:

8. • PRM manual finalized and tested through implementation of
approach in 4 target districts of Bamyan province;
• Establishing Protected area at least 10 hectares by each
group;
• Collection of local fodder seeds and its re-cultivation in the
protected area (PA);
• Construction of rain-water harvesting structures in the
protected area;
• Plantation of fruiting and non-fruiting seeds in PA in the fall
season;
• Local fodder seed distribution to herders;
• Construction of water structures;
• Community based agro-forestry development; etc.
PRM activities continuous…

9. 1. Investigating PRM
2. Negotiating PRM
3. Implementing PRM
Stages and steps of PRM establishment &
implementation

10. The stages of the PRM Process
3 Implementing PRM
Step 8 Participatory monitoring and
evaluation
Step 7 Arresting and reversing declining
rangeland productivity
Step 6 New roles for communities and rangeland
management advisors
2 Negotiating PRM
Step 5 Establishing the rangeland management agreement
Step 4 Developing the rangeland management plan
Step 3 Defining the rangeland management unit and preparing the rangeland
resources assessment
Step 2 Setting up or strengthening rangeland management institutions
1 Investigating PRM Step 1 Identifying rangeland resources and users
The stages of the PRM process

11. • The basis of a rangeland management agreement is
the rangeland’s resources and resources users.
• What resources and who the users are?
• The first stage in the PRM process is the gathering
of information about the different resources found
in the rangelands, their uses (including at different
times of the year), and the stakeholders and users.
• Herders’ involvement in the process of resources
identification, sustainable resources use and
solution for problems are certainly critical
elements.
Stage 1: Investigating PRM

12. Step 1: Identifying rangeland resources and
users;
1.1: Understanding rangeland resources;
1.2: Mapping the resources;
1.3: Understanding the rangeland resources users;
Stage 1: Investigating PRM consist of

13. • Users of the rangeland rely on a large number of
resources to enable them to support viable livelihoods.
• A general understanding of rangeland resources can be
gained through a series of consultations and discussion
with communities, gov. representatives and other
interested parties.
• Participatory tools that can be used including:
1. Mapping of resources;
2. Seasonal calendars;
3. Rangeland species matrix; and
4. Rangeland condition/health historical trend analysis
5. Watershed identification
Step 1.1: Understanding Rangeland Resources

14. • The most powerful and information generating tool
is likely to be the mapping of resources.
• Community maps drawn of resources found in a
specific area, and resulting discussions about their
use, condition, access etc.
• It is proved to be a highly useful land-use planning
tool.
• Ideally the map will display important information,
such as dry and wet season grazing reserves, water
sources, forest boundaries, physical features (such
as rivers, roads, paths), and other key resources
such as fuel-wood and non-timber dryland
products, botanical resource and minerals.
Step1.2: Mapping the Resources

15. • Information on different grazing, water forage and forest
areas, and their condition can also be added to the map.
• The direction that resources users and their livestock
move to use resources (mobility) can also be shown on
the map.
• Community drawn rangeland maps can be related to
topographic maps
• A community drawn resource map is the basis for
developing a rangeland map to be included in the
rangeland management plan.
• It is likely that men and women will view resources and
their use differently.
• Therefore, carryout mapping and other information
gathering exercises with men and women separately.
Continuous…

16. Participatory Rangeland Resources Mapping

17. Participatory Rangeland Resources Mapping

18. Situation Mapping

19. Continues…

20. • It is a crucial task and can be accomplished through
stakeholder analysis.
• Rangelands have multiple users, or stakeholders,
and the relationships between them need to be
understood.
• Stakeholders include men and women, young and
old, and rich and poor.
• The immediate objective of a stakeholder analysis
for PRM is to identify and analyze all the different
stakeholders in terms of their direct and indirect
use of rangeland resources.
• The current, and potential, roles and
responsibilities of the different users can then be
identified and the interests, positions and
requirement of all stakeholders fully understood.
Step1.3: Understanding of Rangeland Users

21. • This process will allow potential and actual risks
and conflicts between groups to be identified
and highlight;
• In order to reduce conflict over rangeland
resources, adopt the customary rules and
regulation, and conflict sensitive management;
• Identify how people perceive their own rights
and responsibilities over resources.
Continues…

22. • Identify resources users in term of who can
graze, and water their animals, when and for
how long;
• The seasonal mobility of animals and herds;
• The uneven distribution of resources over a
grazing territory;
• The variability of rainfall
• The existence of more than one user group
• Effective group mechanism for regulating the
use of resources and for preventing and
resolving violent conflict arising from
competition over resources.
Continues…

23. Stakeholders analysis-Identification of users

25. • The second stage is focused on negotiation. The
initial task is to identify the most appropriate
community-led groups to manage the process of
rangeland management.
• The second task is negotiation process between
the different stakeholders to clarify the boundaries
of the rangeland management.
• In the next step the rangeland management plan
is draw up, specifying the roles and responsibilities
of the rangeland management group.
• The final stage in the negotiation stage is making
agreement recognized by local authorities.
Stage 2: Negotiating PRM

26. • Step 2: Setting up or strengthening rangeland
management institutions
• Step 3: Defining the rangeland management
unit and preparing the rangeland resources
assessment
• Step 4: Developing the rangeland management
plan
• Step 5: Establishing the rangeland
management agreement
Stage 2: Negotiating PRM consists of 4 steps

27. • The establishment or strengthening of functional
community-based rangeland management
institutions is at the center of successful PRM.
• The rangeland management institution is the
body or group that will take on the roles and
responsibilities of community-based rangeland
management.
• The strength of the rangeland management
institution is therefore critical, including the skills
and capabilities of its members to carry out the
duties assigned to them.
Step 2: Setting up or strengthening rangeland management
institutions

28. The rangeland management unit is the area of land over
which the PRM institution will have primary jurisdiction
and authority.
a. The rangeland management unit;
b. The rangeland resource assessment;
Step 3: Defining the rangeland management unit and
preparing the rangeland resources assessment

29. The participatory rangeland resource assessment
process consists of several key steps:
1. Defining the rangeland sub-units or zones;
2. Deciding where to collect baseline data
3. Deciding what data to collect, and how;
4. Documenting assessment data collection
protocol;
5. Collecting baseline data by a team made up of
community and government representatives;
6. Interpreting results by a team;
7. Producing the assessment report;
The rangeland resource assessment

30. Step 4: Developing the rangeland management plan

31. A rangeland management agreement could be
developed as the following:
• Article 1 Definitions;
• Article 2 Objectives of the agreement;
• Article 3 Location and condition/health of the
rangeland and its resources;
• Article 4 Description of the agreeing parties;
• Article 5 Benefits of the agreeing parties;
• Article 6 Rights and responsibilities of the parties;
• Article 7 Condition, legality and duration of the
agreement;
Step 5: Establishing the rangeland management agreement

32. Continuous…

33. • Step 6: New roles for communities and
rangeland management advisors
• Step 7: Arresting and reversing declining
rangeland productivity
• Step 8: Participatory monitoring and evaluation
Stage 3: Implementing PRM consist of

34. Consists of
A. New or adapted roles for community institutions
in rangeland management;
B. New or adapted roles for rangeland management
advisors
Step 6: New roles for communities and rangeland
management advisors

35. Control of undesirable plants are plants that are:
• Not readily eaten by animals;
• Less productive or reduce veld productivity;
• Reduce amount of utilizable herbage;
• Conflict with veld management;
Undesirable plants:
• Invader and invasive species;
• Poisonous species;
• Bushes and trees;
Step 7: Arresting and reversing declining rangeland
productivity

36. Removing invasive plants from the rangeland
Removing invasive plants from the rangeland
Acacia drepalobium. The invasion of non ‘local’ or
alien species raises new challenges for communities
as rangelandmanagers.

37. Improving rangeland resources especially water
management for irrigation and livestock

38. • Monitoring is the on-going process of collecting data in order
to measure the progress, and/or the condition, of an activity
to guide implementation.
• The effectiveness of its monitoring and evaluation system will
ultimately determine the success of the PRM process.
• There are two key steps within the PRM process where M&E
must be integrated: in the negotiating stage when developing
the rangeland management plan, and here in the
implementation stage where M&E should be used to facilitate
adaptive management and/or help determine best
management practices.
A. M&E for the rangeland management plan;
B. M&E for adaptive management;
Step 8: Participatory monitoring and evaluation

39. Stages and steps of PRM establishment & implementation

40. 1. Locals are better placed to conserve natural
resources;
2. People will conserve a resource only if benefits
exceed the costs of conservation;
3. People will conserve a resource that is linked
directly to their quality of life;
Thakadu, O.T., 2005
The Key assumptions about PRM

41. • Homogeneous communities-common
objectives, recognized common interests and
social cohesion;
• Benefits exceed costs;
• Clearly defined boundaries to resources to be
managed;
• Limited uses and users;
• Decentralized decision-making;
• Simple administrative structures;
• Long-term engagement;
• Leadership- Champions to lead the process;
Conditions for successful PRM
IFAD Workshop, Room, 2009

42. • Community level conflicts;
• Evaluation of action impacts;
• Difficulties to access the sites;
• Lacking GIS expertise;
• Locals may be reluctant to challenge
government recommendations for fear of
losing promised benefits;
• Partners are expecting too much from the
activities taken up;
Major Constrains of PRM

43. • Correct kind of animals
• Correct number of animals
• Correct number of grazing
• Proper distribution of livestock
Principles of rangeland and grazing management

44. Thank you for your attention