2. Public Opinion 5/7 knew of someone with an intervention Only one thought interventions weren’t safe 2/7 experienced an intervention Those who had experienced one, didn’t know there was a risk, and agreed they were safe 5/7 knew chemo can cause nausea and vomiting Only half the class knew someone who had it NO ONE knew the risk of complications with an epidural…
3. Epidurals ¼ chance of complication – Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 1992 Hypertension, Fetal Distress, IV Cannulation, Abnormal Uterine Contractions, and Death – Dr. Mehl-Madrona, 1999. Epidural leads to greater chance of c-sections and use of pitocinfor induction. Abbott Laboratories: Local anesthetics rapidly cross the placenta, and when used for epidural, caudal or pudendal anesthesia, can cause varying degrees of maternal, fetal and neonatal toxicity. Adverse reactions in the parturient, fetus and neonate involve alternations of the central nervous system, peripheral vascular tone and cardiac function.
4. Induction 35 deaths, 1.2%. Causes: prematurity, brain hemorrhage, prolapsed cord, congenital heart disease, infection, and asphyxia – 70% were preventable.Niswander and Patterson, 1963 Cytocec: NOT approved by the FDA for labor In 5,439 births, 25 ruptured uteri, 2 emergency hysterectomies, 2 maternal deaths, 16 infant deaths, Ina May Gaskin, PhD., 2003 Induction is 3x more likely to end in c-section, Penny Simkin, PT. 2008
5. C-Section Complications: infection, heavy blood loss and clots, nausea, vomiting, headache, maternal death, infant injury, NICU care, lung immaturity – Web MD, 2008 C-section rates should be <10%-15% - World Health Organization C-section rates in America are 31%, National Center for Health Statistics, 2006. The rate of c-sections has increased by 50% since 1986 along with the rate of maternal death.
6. Natural Childbirth Stats Ina May Gaskin, 1970-2000 95.1% completed in-home births 1.3% emergency transports 1.5% C-section 99% Initiation of Breastfeeding 100% Continued Breastfeeding 0% Maternal Mortality 0.39% Infant Mortality – 1 case of SIDS, 1 premature CIA World Fact Book, 2009 – Infant Mortality America: 6.22/1,000 Sweden: 2.75
