The document summarizes information about tuberculosis (TB) and rabies: TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. Symptoms include cough, fever and weight loss. It is diagnosed through skin tests, chest x-rays and sputum analysis. Treatment involves antibiotics like isoniazid. Rabies virus causes acute inflammation of the brain. Initial symptoms include anxiety and paralysis followed by hydrophobia and death. It is transmitted through bites from infected mammals. Diagnosis involves tests on cerebrospinal fluid and biopsy. Post-exposure vaccines can prevent illness if given within 6 days of exposure.

5. Disease Diagnosis: skin tests, chest x-rays, sputum analysis (smear and culture), and PCR tests S kin tests - Tine test and the Mantoux test / PPD (purified protein derivative) test. In each of these tests, a small amount of purified extract from dead tuberculosis bacteria is injected under the skin. Negative skin test-no infection. Raised and reddened area around the site of the test injection after about 48 to 72 hours –Infected After the PPD is injected intracutaneously, a small wheal appears on the forearm. Positive TB skin test is marked by an area of reddish induration of 17mm. It is the induration (firm bump) that is gently palpated that determines the size, not the area of redness. Infected person expected to mount an immune response in the skin containing the bacterial proteins.