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Jessica Holbrook
        Bios 275
   7 March 2009
Bringing along my trusty cameraman, a few friends and a big
yellow dog, we made an afternoon of the assignment. Our
first location was visited at dusk with just myself and the
photographer. Our second location was the next
afternoon, with the addition of a friend or two, and we also
stopped by the lake (our third spot.) We re-visited the lake a
week later and we’re amazed by the change.
Ohio University
Ridges Land Lab
A mature deciduous forest
that, with some off-road
hiking, connects to the
Ridges Cemetery Walk and
The Athens Trail.
The Ridges
Cemeteries
Nature Walk
This walk offers a
combination of prairie and
mature deciduous
forest, combined with some
new growths put in by the
Civillian Conservation Corps
during the depression. We
focused mainly on the
grasslands of the area.
Nagy Pond
A freshwater pond at the
end of the trail, a welcome
break from climbing uphill
and a stunning view of the
dilapidated asylum and
cemetery.
Some hiding, some creeping and most of them
sleeping, finding plants was an interesting scavenger hunt.
Identifying was difficult, dormant plants aren’t the most
distinctive, but the photographer was raised on a farm and
knew some of our subjects.
Wild Onions
Allium canadense. Also
known as scallions, crow
garlic or field garlic. It looks
similar to wild garlic but a
quick taste test confirms that
it’s onion.
Entodon
seductrix

A common moss in Ohio.
Found mainly on stumps
and logs.
Day-Lily
A member of the genus
Hemerocallis. A hearty
perennial that blooms in
early summer but shows it’s
leaves for far longer.
Blackberry
A young blackberry bramble
that will have fruit in the
spring. One of the only
plants with leaves we saw.
Christmas Fern

Polystichum acrostichoides.
One of the most common
Ohio ferns, it might not be a
Christmas fern but they are
difficult to identify as they all
look remarkably similar and
this one is growing off of a
rock and downwards instead
of up like most ferns.
Lichen
A different type of wispy
green moss, this one
growing off a ledge.
American
Sycamore
Platanus occidentalis. The
sycamore can grow up to
131’ tall and deposits these
‘fruit balls’ which look rather
weird on the ground.
White Pine
Pinus strobus. Just after
dark and just outside the
land lab.
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum. A
common Ohio prairie grass.
While the picture doesn’t
show details, the grass is
past our knees here.
Broomsedge
Andropogon virginicus. Also
known as beard grass or
whiskey grass. Most notable
because of it’s
whispy, feather-like blooms
in Spring and Summer In
Autumn it turns a deep
orange color. In this picture
it’s hanging out in the back.
Climbing
Bittersweet
Celastrus Scandens. A
creeping vine that bursts
into green flowers in late
Spring. The berry-like
interior is actually pockets of
seeds.
American Holly
Ilex opaca. Not native to
Ohio but widespread
throughout the area. Unlike
other non-native plants the
holly isn’t considered
invasive.
Common Yarrow
Achillea millefolium. Also
known as bloodwort and
fernwood. In the summer it
blooms with clusters of
white flowers.
Sassafras
Edible and native to
Appalachia, sassafras
makes a great tea (or so I’m
told.)
Multiflora Rose

Rosa multiflora. Also known
as Japanese rose, seven-
sisters rose, and rambler
rose. It’s an invasive plant
that crowds out native
species.
Silver Maple
Acer saccharinum. One of
the most common tree’s in
the United States and easy
to build in.
Beech: Fagus sylvatica
                                        As a giant swing. This tree’s trunk can’t be
As a lean-to. Young beeches guard the
                                        seen because it was about 50’ across a
entrance of a home-made tent or trap.   ravine.
Wild Grapes
A member of the genus
Vitis, wild grapes are
common throughout the
state and often found
growing through shrubs and
hanging from trees. In this
picture it’s wrapped around
the tree-house and hanging
in tendrils from the tree.
Common Cattail

Typha latifolia. Seen along
most bodies of water, they
puff into flowers in late
summer and serve as cover
for just about every lake
species ever, include some
very elusive frogs.
Willow
Often near ponds and
known for their swaying
leaves and drooping
branches in summer.
Crabapple
In the spring white flowers
and hard, mostly
inedible, berries will replace
these spiky buds.
Liverworts
They grow with the moss on
stones near rivers and
lakes, similar to mosses.
Algae
Slimy tendrils can grow up
to 20 feet and provide
nutrients to the lakes
wildlife.
Tulips
Tulipa. There are over 150
different types of
tulips, which ones are
these? We’ll have to wait
until spring.
Flowering
Dogwood
Cornus Florida. A common
ornamental bush.
Walnut
Juglans regia. Remnants of
fall’s harvest. These walnut
husks, and my foot, covered
the ground near the lake.
Dogwood
Cornus sericea. Bright red in
the winter and covered in
purple flowers by fall.
Star Magnolia
Magnolia stellata. This plant
has flowers before leaves in
early spring and is native to
Japan but has been
naturalized in N. America
and Europe. It is
appreciated by large blond
puppies.
Daffodil
Narcissus. Found on the
side of a building this
perennial bulb is a hardy
floweing plant whose name
is still varied by region with
American preferring
narcissus, something I
never knew until now.
Creeping Charley
Or Ground Ivy, was once
used as a medicinal herb
but is now a common weed
known for its aggressive
overtaking of lawns and
vegetable patches.
Pussy Willows
Salix discolor. The velvety
buds appear in early spring
even before the leaves. In
Europe and N. America the
branches are sometimes
used as replacements for
palms on Palm Sunday.
Rose
A tangle of rose bushes-
multiflora and otherwise-
that’s taken over a large
patch of grass. The
multiflora is distinguished by
it’s purple branches but the
others are almost
impossible to decipher until
spring.
Crocus
A type of Iris, crocus’ are
one of the first flowers to
bloom in spring.
Sedum
Or ‘goldmoss.’Marked by
bright yellow flowers in the
spring and used in ancient
Greece to treat
epilepsy, skin conditions and
trigger abortions.
Rhododendron
Known sometimes as
azaleas, the classification is
actually rhododendron.
These ones are wild but
they’re often planted by
gardeners for their bright
flowers.
Huckleberry
Sometimes blue, sometimes
red and usually edible these
are the favorites of many of
Ohio’s wild animals.
Fungi
Downed tree branch
enjoying its fungus. Around
90% of plant species have
some type of symbiotic
relationship with fungi, many
of them mutually benefiting.
Birch
Betula papyrifera or the
paper birch. The peeling
bark is used in many
building projects.
Daffodil
These ones are wild and
unexpected.
Self Fungus
It comes in a variety of
shapes, colors and species.
Sometimes harmful and
relatively common.
Alpine
Strawberry
Fragaria vesca. Found on
the edge of
roads, bridges, open fields
and gravel, the wild
strawberry will bloom with
flowers before sprouting the
berries that are quickly
eaten by nearby animals.
Malus
M. Domestica or an
ornamental crabapple.
Planted by someone
because of its white flowers
in spring and edible, but
pesky, ‘apples’ in the fall.
Birds are easy to hear but hard to photograph and fish look
pretty blurry without a great lens and lots of patience. Still, the
sounds and sights of spring are everywhere – in
burrows, nests and holes or gliding along the water.
Northern Grey
Shrike
Lanius excubitor. Known for
it’s deep nests and ability to
kill with it’s beak. It’s
characterized by it’s black
mask.
Salamander
The woods contain a few
small creeks and we briefly
spot a salamander. He’s
faster than the camera in
this low light. It’s probably
the Notophthalmus
viridescens viridescens or
Eastern Red Newt often
spotted in early spring in this
part of the state.
Ants
The common black ant
crawling on a treat left by
other hikers.
Red-Tailed Hawk
Buteo jamaicensis. A
common occurrence on our
journey and rather majestic
bird.
Earthworm
This was a tiny earthworm
looking to escape the damp
ground, or burrow back
in, it’s hard to tell which end
is up.
White-Tailed
Deer
Odocoileus virginianus.
Incredibly skittish and hard
to grab a photo of. We
finally get an aerial picture
while it pauses to drink at
this creek in our old-growth
forest.
Northern
Cardinal
Cardinalis cardinalis is the
Ohio state bird and
characterized by it’s red
breast. Cardinals often build
nests in overgrown bushes
and brambles, like this
one, and here have utilized
the abundant wild grapes
(the curling tendrils.)
White-Tailed
Deer
Odocoileus virginianus.
Ohio’s state mammal and
incredibly prevalent in
Athens, especially on this
prairie.
Buzzard
Or a turkey
vulture, surveying the open
fields for it’s next meal.
Puppy
Labrador Retriever. Humans
were a huge part of our
journey, even in the most
secluded of areas. This was
a very friendly and very
young puppy that got away
from its owners.
Robin
Turdus migratorius. A
migratory songbird that
comes back to Ohio early in
the spring. This one is
male, as noted by it’s red-
breast.
Bluebird
A birdhouse designed for
Sialia sialis or the Northern
Bluebird. Tiny blue thrushes
that like to fly around the
area and hate to be
photographed. Attempts to
photograph the inside of the
box, while the bird was
there, proved futile.
Spider
There are over 40,000
species of spiders and a few
hundred in Ohio. Attempts to
identify this one further were
incredibly disturbing as I am
terrified of them. Even the
tiny ones.
Minnows
Common name for the
largest family of fish in North
America, usually refers to
the tiny fish used as a bait.
Further identification proved
hard without disturbing the
fish.
Bluegill
Lepomis macrochirus. My
companion promises these
are bluegill, one of the most
common types of freshwater
fish. Not wanting to bother
them, I took his word for it.
Grey Squirrel
Sciurus carolinensis. These
fluffy rodents were a rare
occurrence on our
excursion, we found this one
near the lake trying to
mooch off picnickers.
Bullfrog
Rana catesbeiana. An
aquatic amphibian that
jumps into the water as
soon as you get near it.
They make tons of noise.
Snail
Polystichum acrostichoides.
Common Appalachian
slug, often seen crawling
through wet leaves and
under rocks.
Groundhog
Marmota monax. Also
known as the land beaver or
woodchuck. These giant
rodents live in a series of
underground tunnels
marked by large hole
openings.
Chipmunks
From the genus Tamias
which means ‘storer’ a
reference to their habit of
collecting things for
hibernation. These cute
rodents have been living
under a porch.
Tree Squirrel
We think it’s Tamiasciurus
hudsonicus, the American
Red Squirrel. A squirrel
nests high in hardwood
trees when it’s not foraging
on the ground.
Millipede
Over 10,000 species
worldwide, millipedes are
known by their many legs
and ability to burrow quickly
to avoid danger.
House Centipede
Scutigera coleoptrata.
Found under the same log
as our millipede, this bug is
a little more ferocious but
relatively harmless to
humans. It’s also incredibly
fast.
Tubifex Worms
Tubifex tubifex, common
underwater worm found in
the lakes and rivers of most
continents.
Goldfish
In no way native to
Ohio, goldfish are a breed of
carp meant to stay small
and cute in a tank at home.
When you dump them in a
lake or river, however, and
the goldfish will grow. We’ve
confirmed that this is
actually a goldfish.
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos. Easily
the most recognizable breed
of duck. The green-headed
guy on the left is male, the
others are female.
American Black
Duck
Anas rubripes. Varied in
color from a dark brown to
the deep purple on its
wings, the black duck feeds
on things on the water’s
surface rather than diving
for its food.
White Goose
We think this a domestic
white goose, Anser anser
domesticus, that’s gotten
lost at the lake. Maybe it’s a
snow goose passing
through on its way home?
Duck?
We’re pretty convinced that
this duck is an unintentional
hybrid. Maybe a mallard and
something much paler?
Although ducks travel in
pairs this one was certainly
unique looking.
Canada Goose
Branta canadensis. Known
for their ‘v’ flying formation
and honking noise.
American
Wigeon
Anas americana. This is a
really loud species of duck.
Female on the left and male
on the right.
Rabbit
Sylvilagus floridanus or the
Eastern cottontail. The most
common variety of rabbit in
North America. Largely
nocturnal, these rabbits like
burrows in relatively open
fields.
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus. A
female house sparrow.
Orb Weaving
Spider
Araneus marmoreus. With
more than 2,800 species
worldwide the orb-weaver is
the third largest family of
spiders. Largely harmless
and found near woods.
Exploring the variety of wildlife so near us was exciting but also
saddening. Most of our plants and animals were affected negatively
by human influence. Invasive plants have over-run native
species, giant goldfish and domestic geese exist where they shouldn’t
and litter was noticeable even on the most isolated trails. It was striking
how even a preserve isn’t safe from our meddling hands.

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Assignment3 J Holbrook

  • 1. Jessica Holbrook Bios 275 7 March 2009
  • 2. Bringing along my trusty cameraman, a few friends and a big yellow dog, we made an afternoon of the assignment. Our first location was visited at dusk with just myself and the photographer. Our second location was the next afternoon, with the addition of a friend or two, and we also stopped by the lake (our third spot.) We re-visited the lake a week later and we’re amazed by the change.
  • 3. Ohio University Ridges Land Lab A mature deciduous forest that, with some off-road hiking, connects to the Ridges Cemetery Walk and The Athens Trail.
  • 4. The Ridges Cemeteries Nature Walk This walk offers a combination of prairie and mature deciduous forest, combined with some new growths put in by the Civillian Conservation Corps during the depression. We focused mainly on the grasslands of the area.
  • 5. Nagy Pond A freshwater pond at the end of the trail, a welcome break from climbing uphill and a stunning view of the dilapidated asylum and cemetery.
  • 6. Some hiding, some creeping and most of them sleeping, finding plants was an interesting scavenger hunt. Identifying was difficult, dormant plants aren’t the most distinctive, but the photographer was raised on a farm and knew some of our subjects.
  • 7. Wild Onions Allium canadense. Also known as scallions, crow garlic or field garlic. It looks similar to wild garlic but a quick taste test confirms that it’s onion.
  • 8. Entodon seductrix A common moss in Ohio. Found mainly on stumps and logs.
  • 9. Day-Lily A member of the genus Hemerocallis. A hearty perennial that blooms in early summer but shows it’s leaves for far longer.
  • 10. Blackberry A young blackberry bramble that will have fruit in the spring. One of the only plants with leaves we saw.
  • 11. Christmas Fern Polystichum acrostichoides. One of the most common Ohio ferns, it might not be a Christmas fern but they are difficult to identify as they all look remarkably similar and this one is growing off of a rock and downwards instead of up like most ferns.
  • 12. Lichen A different type of wispy green moss, this one growing off a ledge.
  • 13. American Sycamore Platanus occidentalis. The sycamore can grow up to 131’ tall and deposits these ‘fruit balls’ which look rather weird on the ground.
  • 14. White Pine Pinus strobus. Just after dark and just outside the land lab.
  • 15. Switchgrass Panicum virgatum. A common Ohio prairie grass. While the picture doesn’t show details, the grass is past our knees here.
  • 16. Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus. Also known as beard grass or whiskey grass. Most notable because of it’s whispy, feather-like blooms in Spring and Summer In Autumn it turns a deep orange color. In this picture it’s hanging out in the back.
  • 17. Climbing Bittersweet Celastrus Scandens. A creeping vine that bursts into green flowers in late Spring. The berry-like interior is actually pockets of seeds.
  • 18. American Holly Ilex opaca. Not native to Ohio but widespread throughout the area. Unlike other non-native plants the holly isn’t considered invasive.
  • 19. Common Yarrow Achillea millefolium. Also known as bloodwort and fernwood. In the summer it blooms with clusters of white flowers.
  • 20. Sassafras Edible and native to Appalachia, sassafras makes a great tea (or so I’m told.)
  • 21. Multiflora Rose Rosa multiflora. Also known as Japanese rose, seven- sisters rose, and rambler rose. It’s an invasive plant that crowds out native species.
  • 22. Silver Maple Acer saccharinum. One of the most common tree’s in the United States and easy to build in.
  • 23. Beech: Fagus sylvatica As a giant swing. This tree’s trunk can’t be As a lean-to. Young beeches guard the seen because it was about 50’ across a entrance of a home-made tent or trap. ravine.
  • 24. Wild Grapes A member of the genus Vitis, wild grapes are common throughout the state and often found growing through shrubs and hanging from trees. In this picture it’s wrapped around the tree-house and hanging in tendrils from the tree.
  • 25. Common Cattail Typha latifolia. Seen along most bodies of water, they puff into flowers in late summer and serve as cover for just about every lake species ever, include some very elusive frogs.
  • 26. Willow Often near ponds and known for their swaying leaves and drooping branches in summer.
  • 27. Crabapple In the spring white flowers and hard, mostly inedible, berries will replace these spiky buds.
  • 28. Liverworts They grow with the moss on stones near rivers and lakes, similar to mosses.
  • 29. Algae Slimy tendrils can grow up to 20 feet and provide nutrients to the lakes wildlife.
  • 30. Tulips Tulipa. There are over 150 different types of tulips, which ones are these? We’ll have to wait until spring.
  • 31. Flowering Dogwood Cornus Florida. A common ornamental bush.
  • 32. Walnut Juglans regia. Remnants of fall’s harvest. These walnut husks, and my foot, covered the ground near the lake.
  • 33. Dogwood Cornus sericea. Bright red in the winter and covered in purple flowers by fall.
  • 34. Star Magnolia Magnolia stellata. This plant has flowers before leaves in early spring and is native to Japan but has been naturalized in N. America and Europe. It is appreciated by large blond puppies.
  • 35. Daffodil Narcissus. Found on the side of a building this perennial bulb is a hardy floweing plant whose name is still varied by region with American preferring narcissus, something I never knew until now.
  • 36. Creeping Charley Or Ground Ivy, was once used as a medicinal herb but is now a common weed known for its aggressive overtaking of lawns and vegetable patches.
  • 37. Pussy Willows Salix discolor. The velvety buds appear in early spring even before the leaves. In Europe and N. America the branches are sometimes used as replacements for palms on Palm Sunday.
  • 38. Rose A tangle of rose bushes- multiflora and otherwise- that’s taken over a large patch of grass. The multiflora is distinguished by it’s purple branches but the others are almost impossible to decipher until spring.
  • 39. Crocus A type of Iris, crocus’ are one of the first flowers to bloom in spring.
  • 40. Sedum Or ‘goldmoss.’Marked by bright yellow flowers in the spring and used in ancient Greece to treat epilepsy, skin conditions and trigger abortions.
  • 41. Rhododendron Known sometimes as azaleas, the classification is actually rhododendron. These ones are wild but they’re often planted by gardeners for their bright flowers.
  • 42. Huckleberry Sometimes blue, sometimes red and usually edible these are the favorites of many of Ohio’s wild animals.
  • 43. Fungi Downed tree branch enjoying its fungus. Around 90% of plant species have some type of symbiotic relationship with fungi, many of them mutually benefiting.
  • 44. Birch Betula papyrifera or the paper birch. The peeling bark is used in many building projects.
  • 45. Daffodil These ones are wild and unexpected.
  • 46. Self Fungus It comes in a variety of shapes, colors and species. Sometimes harmful and relatively common.
  • 47. Alpine Strawberry Fragaria vesca. Found on the edge of roads, bridges, open fields and gravel, the wild strawberry will bloom with flowers before sprouting the berries that are quickly eaten by nearby animals.
  • 48. Malus M. Domestica or an ornamental crabapple. Planted by someone because of its white flowers in spring and edible, but pesky, ‘apples’ in the fall.
  • 49. Birds are easy to hear but hard to photograph and fish look pretty blurry without a great lens and lots of patience. Still, the sounds and sights of spring are everywhere – in burrows, nests and holes or gliding along the water.
  • 50. Northern Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor. Known for it’s deep nests and ability to kill with it’s beak. It’s characterized by it’s black mask.
  • 51. Salamander The woods contain a few small creeks and we briefly spot a salamander. He’s faster than the camera in this low light. It’s probably the Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens or Eastern Red Newt often spotted in early spring in this part of the state.
  • 52. Ants The common black ant crawling on a treat left by other hikers.
  • 53. Red-Tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis. A common occurrence on our journey and rather majestic bird.
  • 54. Earthworm This was a tiny earthworm looking to escape the damp ground, or burrow back in, it’s hard to tell which end is up.
  • 55. White-Tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus. Incredibly skittish and hard to grab a photo of. We finally get an aerial picture while it pauses to drink at this creek in our old-growth forest.
  • 56. Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis is the Ohio state bird and characterized by it’s red breast. Cardinals often build nests in overgrown bushes and brambles, like this one, and here have utilized the abundant wild grapes (the curling tendrils.)
  • 57. White-Tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus. Ohio’s state mammal and incredibly prevalent in Athens, especially on this prairie.
  • 58. Buzzard Or a turkey vulture, surveying the open fields for it’s next meal.
  • 59. Puppy Labrador Retriever. Humans were a huge part of our journey, even in the most secluded of areas. This was a very friendly and very young puppy that got away from its owners.
  • 60. Robin Turdus migratorius. A migratory songbird that comes back to Ohio early in the spring. This one is male, as noted by it’s red- breast.
  • 61. Bluebird A birdhouse designed for Sialia sialis or the Northern Bluebird. Tiny blue thrushes that like to fly around the area and hate to be photographed. Attempts to photograph the inside of the box, while the bird was there, proved futile.
  • 62. Spider There are over 40,000 species of spiders and a few hundred in Ohio. Attempts to identify this one further were incredibly disturbing as I am terrified of them. Even the tiny ones.
  • 63. Minnows Common name for the largest family of fish in North America, usually refers to the tiny fish used as a bait. Further identification proved hard without disturbing the fish.
  • 64. Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. My companion promises these are bluegill, one of the most common types of freshwater fish. Not wanting to bother them, I took his word for it.
  • 65. Grey Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis. These fluffy rodents were a rare occurrence on our excursion, we found this one near the lake trying to mooch off picnickers.
  • 66. Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. An aquatic amphibian that jumps into the water as soon as you get near it. They make tons of noise.
  • 67. Snail Polystichum acrostichoides. Common Appalachian slug, often seen crawling through wet leaves and under rocks.
  • 68. Groundhog Marmota monax. Also known as the land beaver or woodchuck. These giant rodents live in a series of underground tunnels marked by large hole openings.
  • 69. Chipmunks From the genus Tamias which means ‘storer’ a reference to their habit of collecting things for hibernation. These cute rodents have been living under a porch.
  • 70. Tree Squirrel We think it’s Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, the American Red Squirrel. A squirrel nests high in hardwood trees when it’s not foraging on the ground.
  • 71. Millipede Over 10,000 species worldwide, millipedes are known by their many legs and ability to burrow quickly to avoid danger.
  • 72. House Centipede Scutigera coleoptrata. Found under the same log as our millipede, this bug is a little more ferocious but relatively harmless to humans. It’s also incredibly fast.
  • 73. Tubifex Worms Tubifex tubifex, common underwater worm found in the lakes and rivers of most continents.
  • 74. Goldfish In no way native to Ohio, goldfish are a breed of carp meant to stay small and cute in a tank at home. When you dump them in a lake or river, however, and the goldfish will grow. We’ve confirmed that this is actually a goldfish.
  • 75. Mallard Duck Anas platyrhynchos. Easily the most recognizable breed of duck. The green-headed guy on the left is male, the others are female.
  • 76. American Black Duck Anas rubripes. Varied in color from a dark brown to the deep purple on its wings, the black duck feeds on things on the water’s surface rather than diving for its food.
  • 77. White Goose We think this a domestic white goose, Anser anser domesticus, that’s gotten lost at the lake. Maybe it’s a snow goose passing through on its way home?
  • 78. Duck? We’re pretty convinced that this duck is an unintentional hybrid. Maybe a mallard and something much paler? Although ducks travel in pairs this one was certainly unique looking.
  • 79. Canada Goose Branta canadensis. Known for their ‘v’ flying formation and honking noise.
  • 80. American Wigeon Anas americana. This is a really loud species of duck. Female on the left and male on the right.
  • 81. Rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus or the Eastern cottontail. The most common variety of rabbit in North America. Largely nocturnal, these rabbits like burrows in relatively open fields.
  • 82. House Sparrow Passer domesticus. A female house sparrow.
  • 83. Orb Weaving Spider Araneus marmoreus. With more than 2,800 species worldwide the orb-weaver is the third largest family of spiders. Largely harmless and found near woods.
  • 84. Exploring the variety of wildlife so near us was exciting but also saddening. Most of our plants and animals were affected negatively by human influence. Invasive plants have over-run native species, giant goldfish and domestic geese exist where they shouldn’t and litter was noticeable even on the most isolated trails. It was striking how even a preserve isn’t safe from our meddling hands.