Fse2120 -RESTORATIVE ARTS CH 6



The Organ of hearing consisting of the
external ear, middle ear, and internal ear.




Helix
 The outer rim of the ear has the general shape of

a question mark. It begins superior to the lobe
and ends by attaching to the cheek


Scapha
 The fossa between the inner and outer rims of

the ear. It is the shallowest depression of the
ear.


Antihelix
 The inner rim of the ear. It starts at the superior

border of the lobe and continues upward until it
ends by becoming the crura. It forms the
superior -and posterior walls of the concha.
(C) 2012 Professor Joseph Finocchiaro



Crura
 The superior and anterior bifurcating branches

of the antihelix


Triangular Fossa
 Depression between the crura. The second

deepest depression of the ear.


Concha
 Concave shell of the ear; the deepest depression

of the ear located posterior and superior to the
ear passage




Tragus
 An elevation protecting the ear passage. Arises

from the posterior margin of the lateral cheek.


Antitragus
 A small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus.

Located on the superior border of the lobe of the
ear.


Intertragic Notch
 A notch or opening between the tragus and the

antitragus of the ear




Lobe
 The inferior fatty 1/3 of the ear; most inferior

part of the ear. Attaches to the cheek


Crus
 The origin of the helix that is flattened and ends

in the concha.




The prominent organ of smell located in the
center or middle 1/3 of the face. It is the
beginning of the respiratory tract and is
triangular or pyramidal in shape.




Leptorrhine
 A classification given to a nose that is long,

narrow, and high bridged – common to
individuals of Western European descent.




Platyrrhine
 A classification that is given to a nose that it

short, broad, and has a minimum of projection;
common to individuals of African descent.




Mesorrhine
 A classification given to a nose that is medium

broad and medium low bridged; predominant
among people of Asian descent.




Straight
 Grecian, characterized as straight from tip to

root.




Convex
 Roman, Aquiline, or hooked. Curved, as the beak

of an eagle, a nose that has a hook as seen from a
profile; may exhibit a hump in the bridge.




Concave
 Snub, pug, infantine, or retrousse. Characterized

by a dip in the bridge and turned up at the end.




Nasal Bones
 The paired nasal bones are inferior to the

glabella, forming a dome over the superior
portion of the nasal cavity


Nasal Cavity
 The orifice in the bony face bounded by the

margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla.




Nasal Spine of the Maxilla
 The sharp, bony projection located medially at

the inferior margin of the nasal cavity. This
indicates the bony length of the nose.


Major Cartilages
 Septum and superior lateral cartilages




Dorsum
 The anterior protruding ridge of the nose

extending from root to tip. It includes the bridge.


Root
 The apex (top) of the pyramidal mass of the

nose, which lies directly inferior to the forehead.
The concave dip inferior to the forehead.




Bridge
 Dome over the nasal cavity. Point of greatest

projection. The arched portion of the nose
supported by the nasal bones.


Wings
 Lateral Lobes of the nose. The widest part of the

nose bordered by the nasal sulcus and anterior
nares.


Columna Nasi
 The fleshy termination of the nasal septum at

the base of the nose located between the
nostrils. The most inferior part of the nose.



Anterior Nares
 External nostril openings.



Sides of the Nose
 Lateral walls of the nose located between the

wings of the nose and bridge. They recede
laterally from the dorsum.


Protruding lobe of the nose
 The rounded anterior projection of the tip of the

nose.




Distortion
 A state of being twisted or pushed out of natural

shape or position.
 A nose can be distorted by cancer, superficial
pressure, or by fractures.






Cancer in one cheek can pull the nose to the
opposite side due to natural tension of
muscles.
Treatment
 Correct with sutures to pull back into place.
 Temporary suture to hold in place while

embalming, excise tumor, remove temporary
sutures then suture permanently into place.


 May occur if deceased was in a prone position,

result of embalming improperly, or the result of
some type of facial covering.


Treatment
 Mortuary Putty, non-absorbent cotton, or other

packing material inserted into the nares.
 For minor distortion, light massage or pressure
against the distorted side during embalming
may be sufficient.




Treatment
 If skin intact, fractured nasal bones may be

externally manipulated back into position.
 Nasal cavity is then packed with putty, nonabsorbent cotton, or other packing material.






This may be result of a tube or other medical
device that was in the nares for an extended
period of time.
Treatment
 Tissue must be clean, firm, and dry.
 Necrotic Tissue excised
 Wax may be used for this restoration.




The Cavity in which mastication takes place.
It is the beginning of the alimentary canal.




Maxillary
 The superior jaw protrudes



Mandibular
 The inferior jaw protrudes




Example of Maxillary
Prognathism



Dental
 Oblique insertion of the teeth; front teeth

protrude


Alveolar
 Sockets of the teeth are inclined.




Contact family to determine if they wish to
show or not show the teeth







Clean visible teeth. Use an abrasive
toothpaste or something like Comet/Borax
Dry teeth well
You may wish to paint the teeth with a clear
nail polish






Mouth is closed using normal methods in a
non-visible location.
Use an adhesive for any areas of the mouth
that need to be closed.







Close the mouth using normal methods.
Treating the lips to bring them close
together is done prior to arterial injection
Cover area in Massage Cream
before/during/after embalming to prevent
dehydration




You may need to use a mouth former to
assist you.
 You may also use very coarse sandpaper cut into

proper shape




Both lips can be stretched and then sutured
closed.
You may need to cut the upper and lower
frenulum.








Sutures can be made along the margin of the
weather line. Use soft wax to hide along line
of closure.
Wet cotton slings can be used during
embalming to help keep lips closed.
Some embalmers use straight pins but this is
not recommended by your instructor




Dislocate the lower jaw. This is not
recommended by your instructor. If you
elect this, get permission in WRITING.






Remove teeth. Get this in writing. Hire the
proper person to extract the teeth (Dentist)
or have a family member do it. FD/EMBs are
not qualified for teeth extraction.
Lips will need to be clean, dry, and free of
massage cream when using any adhesive.




Superior Integumentary Lip
 The area between the base of the nose and the

superior margin of the superior mucous
membrane.


Inferior Integumentary Lip
 That area between the inferior margin of the

inferior mucous membrane and the mental
eminence.




Mucous Membrane
 The visible red surfaces of the lips; the lining of

the membrane of body cavities that open to the
exterior.


Superior Mucous Membrane (Upper lip)
 The upper margin has the shape of the classic

hunting bow. The medial lobe is found in the
center of the membrane. Narrows laterally as it
disappears before reaching the end of the line of
closure. Contains two high peaks slightly off
center on either side of the dipping curve.




Inferior Mucous Membrane (Lower Lip)
 Is thicker than the superior mucous membrane.

Lies posterior to the upper mucous membrane.


Weather Line
 The line of color change at the junction of the

wet and dry portions of the mucous membranes.
The area where adhesive is applied to keep the
lips closed.




Medial Lobe
 The tiny prominence on the midline of the

superior mucous membrane.


Lines of Closure
 The line that forms between the two mucous

membranes when the mouth is closed and the
lips come in contact with each other. Usually
located at the lower border of the upper teeth.
Has the shape of a classic hunting bow.




Expression changes after embalming
 You may need to make a change because of

something you are not satisfied with or the
family may request you to make a change.
 This is usually something incorrect with the
eyes, nose mouth, or cosmetics.





Subtract or add filling material
Loosen or tighten injector needles.
 If too tight wrinkles will form on upper

integumentary lip.
 If too loose there may be a frown like
appearance.




Inject Tissue Building into the angulus oris
eminences or the nasolabial folds.




To make the mouth look shorter due to
overstretching by articulation, gravity, or
loss of muscle firmness
 Ends of mouth closure are same level as center

of eye
 Fill in line of closure with wax
 Use cosmetic to hide wax
 Lip coloring may also be applied






Lip cosmetic may be applied to make the
mucous membranes appear fuller or
narrower
If they are not as full, use tissue builder via
hypodermic injection




Change lip color or the amount of color that
is used, this may be the only problem.






Close mouth using normal methods. Be
careful about ensuring proper alignment –
not too tight or too loose.
Recreate natural form of mouth using
cotton, mastic, or mouth former.
 The mouth former may be placed on top of the

wax, cotton, or mastic.


Lips are then sealed shut with an adhesive
behind the weather line.


 Ensure lips are dry
 Apply adhesive behind weather line
 Allow a few moments for adhesive to dry
 Bring lips together and hold for a few moments,

then release.
 Use solvent for any visible excess




The organ of vision, which occupies the
anterior part of the orbital cavity.




Superior Palpebrae (upper eyelid)
 The upper lid is wider than the lower lid.

Vertically it is nearly three times as large as the
lower lid. When naturally closed, it covers the
cornea. The lower margin is what forms the line
of eye closure. The point of greatest projection
for the closed eye is just off center medially.




Inferior Palpebrae (lower eyelid)
 The lower lid is narrowed and thinner than the

upper lid. It follows the eyeball and inclines
from the line of closure. The upper lid overlaps
the lower lid at the lateral end of the lower lid.




Line of eye closure
 The line that forms between the two eyelids

when they are closed, and which marks their
place of contact with each other. Occurs in the
lower third of the eye socket as a dipping curve.
The upper lid covers two thirds and the lower
lid, one third. The lateral end is inferior and
posterior to the medial end. The two lids abut
when they close but do not overlap.




Nasal Orbital Fossa
 A triangular concave depression superior to the

medial portion of the superior palpebrae.


Superior Orbital Area
 Region between the supercilium and the

superior palpebrae. Composed of muscle and
fat, and it is deepest near the root of the nose.




Inner Canthus
 Small Elevation extending medially and

obliquely from the medial corner of the superior
palpebrae. There are no eyelashes here.


Cilia
 Eyelashes – the fringe of hair edging the eyelids.

Irregular in length and spacing with cilia at the
end of the line of eye closure. The cilia on the
upper lid turn up and on the lower lid turn
down.




Supercilium
 Eyebrows – hair that grows up and outward and

is unequal in length. It is denser near the
glabella.




Sunken Eyes
 Inject Tissue Builder into the fatty tissue located

beneath the eyeball in the eye socket.
 Some embalmers inject mortuary putty instead
of tissue builder.
 Some embalmers will place cotton or wax under
an eye cap to raise the level of the eye




Discolored Lids
 Black eyes are also known as Ecchymosis
 Same treatment for any discoloration on the

face
 Apply a bleaching compress externally
 Inject bleaching agent hypodermically with
smallest needle possible
 Attempt to cover with opaque cosmetic




Wrinkled Eyelids
 Cover entire eyelid with wax and reproduce

markings
 Excise part of the eyelid with wrinkles and
reproduce with wax
 Massage eyelid with massage cream and electric
spatula




Protruding Eyes
 If eye is swollen, apply digital pressure and/or

cotton and water compress
 If caused by gas or fluid in the cranial cavity








Insert trocar into one of the nares
Forced through cribiform plate
Aspirate cranial cavity
Cavity fluid is injected
Cotton with cavity fluid is used to seal the trocar
opening and nares
You may also use wax/mastic instead of cotton to seal
hole.

 If necessary, surgically extract the eyeball.



Lacerated Eyelids
 Apply Massage cream to laceration and

surrounding area.
 Inject arterial solution normally
 After embalming dry lacerations and glue closed
 Apply wax, if necessary
 Radical Treatment: Excise eyelid and recreate in
wax.




Separated Eyelid
 Use an eye cap – remove any cotton or wax that

may be in the eye cavity unless you were
recreating an eye.
 Glue lid in proper position
 Stretch eyelid using aneurysm hooks or forceps
 Excise levator palpebrae superioris muscle
 Excise entire eyelid and recreate out of wax




Swollen Orbital Pouch
 Also known as “bags under the eyes”
 Apply direct digital pressure and/or cotton

compress
 Apply compress during arterial injection
 Apply massage cream and massage with electric
spatula
 Aspirate with hypodermic needle. Seal opening
with super glue




Dehydrated inner canthus
 Glue shut and wax


Fse2120 -RESTORATIVE ARTS CH 6

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Fse2120 -RESTORATIVE ARTS CH 6

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