Walleye Fishing Research Paper

Walleye Fishing Research Paper
Walleye is the most common fish in South Dakota, they are fished all over the state. Walleye fishing at Lake Oahe has been very popular for fishing.
They have had really good fishing in the past few years. Many people go fishing for the big walleyes. The walleye population keeps going up and
down. In 2001, walleye fishing was really low but now in 2013 it is back up to its average levels. All across South Dakota the limit is four fish a day and
only one out of the four can be over twenty inches and the rest must be over fifteen inches until July 1. Walleye population goes up and down. The
average size changes every year. This year's average size is 14.7 inches in Lake Oahe. The reports say that fishing in early June is the best time to go ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even if there is ice on the water. Then they start ice fishing. Some of the equipment is an ice auger, little fishing poles, and a shack for when it is
really cold out. The most common bait is a minnow on a jig. First the people need to cut a hole in the ice. Then put the shake over the hole. Then
get out the poles out and start fishing. That is how people commonly ice fish. There are some common techniques that people use. One of them is
putting a night crawler on a spinner and trolling an area. They also do it the same way with minnows. There are many other techniques but these
are the most common ones. Other techniques to choose from are the use of crank bait, jigging, suspended trolling, windblown shore line, and
casting. One of the better ways to fish is to try a few techniques and use the one that works the best. It also depends on the time of year, weather, and
moods of the fish. The seasons of the year determines the Walleye mood. Early spring the walleye are really active and hungry. Most anglers use
minnows as bait during the spring of the year on the lake. The walleye tend to be found in shallower waters during the spring also. They are found
most commonly in 8–20 feet of water. They do this in order to feed and spawn for
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Importance Of Outside And Non Associating Scientists...
1.The hiring of outside and non–associating scientists with recognition in a particular field to perform the research to assure the safety of a specific
product or processes. These services can be hired to generate controversy about a competing product and debate with scientists and regulatory bodies
on the side effects of dangers of a product. For e.g. pharmaceutical and chemical companies used this tactic for drugs and household chemicals
marketing.
2.The selection and formation of so called 'front' groups of third party scientists/ experts' to support the scientific position of claims made by the
scientists of particular companies. The example of "scientific advisory boards" or SABs is normally used to defend the companies in court cases and
in general public claims.
3.The creation and utilization of industry groups or associations, including the associations and organization for an industry, think tanks, and public
opinion organizations assist the companies in proving the claims of companies to be legitimate.
4.The use of media and PR agencies to create and change opinions of general public. For instance, the development of VNRs or 'video news releases' is
relatively a new technique of PR firms used to relay videos of company claims about products and / or services in easily downloadable formats like
videos shared on YouTube. These videos are available on common media as well in form of paid segments and public associated the content with the
news releases

Salmon Vs Salmon
regular, low level "leakage" and through episodic events such as storms" (Naylor et al., 2005: 427). The major issues these escapes present are the
introduction of invasive, or 'feral' salmon species, competition with the local species for mates, space and prey, genetic mixing, and the transference of
pathogens (Naylor et al., 2005: 428–31). Furthermore, "such risks include potential reductions in the genetic diversity (and resulting ability to adapt to
environmental change), productivity, and fitness of wild fish, leading to possible extinctions" (Naylor et al., 2005: 432). Naylor et al. clarify that these
risks are uncertain, this is a wicked problem, predicting the exact consequences of introducing these invasive and diseased fish into... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, "in 2008, approximately 90 per cent of the fish oil available worldwide, and 71 per cent of the fish meal, was consumed in aquaculture
practices" (Tacon & Metian in preparation, as quoted in Bostock et al., 2010: 2905). This is extremely unsustainable, it is impossible to attain
enough feed to continue to sustain these practices at the pace we are, without overfishing the oceans. Recall aquaculture was supposed to be a more
sustainable alternative to the unsustainable fishing practices we employed in the past, such as deep ocean bottom trawling. However, to acquire
enough feed, bottom trawling will be required, which in turn renders many fish species instinct and destroys their habitats (Van Denderen et al.,
2013: 1). Unless of course, new methods of finding feed are discovered, which is currently in development. In fact, Bostock et al, (2010) contend that
"up to 25 per cent of fish meal is now obtained from fish processing waste, and ingredient substitution is also increasing the efficiency of fish meal
and oil utilization", which is a step in the right direction (p. 2905). Furthermore, the fish intake to fish output, FIFO (transference of energy between
trophic levels) is understood as being about 10:1 from one level to the next, however, "output ratios for salmon improved from 7.5 to 4.9" which is
promising

U.s. Salmon Aquaculture : Ethical Issues
U.S. Salmon Aquaculture: Ethical Issues in Farmed Salmon
Kimberly Jones
Troy University
Dr. Miller
Abstract
There are many ethical arguments surrounding aquaculture. The salmon industry in the United States has many ethical concerns in relation to farmed
salmon. This paper will first discuss the salmon industry, then discuss specific ethical issues facing farmed salmon, and finally review any laws,
regulations or relief efforts in place to reduce these ethical concerns, or that aggravate these concerns.
Keywords: aquaculture, ethics, genetically modified organisms, GMOs, salmon
U.S. Aquaculture: Ethical Issues in Farmed Salmon
Animal agriculture has been utilized for thousands of years to provide human beings with dependable sources ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Palm oil harvest often leads to deforestation of the rainforests, and raises many ethical concerns from the public, (Levitt, 2015).
Harm to Wild Salmon Populations.
When fish like salmon are farmed, often the fish are still kept in the ocean; however, they live inside of nets so that they are still contained. There are
many ethical arguments based around these net systems because these nets pose threats to wild salmon. Captive salmon can escape from the nets,
which allows them to breed with wild salmon. This can disrupt the natural gene pool of wild salmon. Farmed salmon have been shown to outgrow
wild salmon when introduced into the wild, and typically have higher mortality rates, which would be poor traits to be introduced into the wild gene
pool, (Hindar, et al., 2006). Unfortunately, with the invasive farmed salmon being introduced to wild populations from escapees of net systems, the
recovery of the original wild salmon is unlikely, even if decades went by without more intrusive farmed salmon being present, (Hindar, et al., 2006).
Another problem is that the nets do not contain wastes from the captive salmon inside, wastes such as uneaten feed, and feces from the fish are
dispersed into the open waters of the ocean. Wild salmon can contract infections and parasites from captive farmed salmon in nets. A study indicated
that these parasites, such as sea lice, and infections lead to high mortality rates in wild salmon passing near

Alaskan Salmon Lead The Most Interesting Life From Life
Alaskan salmon lead the most interesting life from birth to death, spending time in both fresh and salt water. Eggs are laid by a female fish in a
stream. She actually buries up to thousands of eggs, or ova, in a nest called a Redd. The male fertilizes these eggs, once placed. The eggs develop in
the winter and hatch in the spring. Once the eggs hatch, now called Alevin, they stay in the nest for approximately one month feeding on the yolk sac
of the egg. Once the baby salmon leave the Redd, known as Fry, they are on their own for survival, like finding food and mastering the challenges of
the downhill journey downstream. A Parr is a young salmon approximately six inches in length that is growing as it continues downstream. If the young
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Department of Alaska fish and game, Alaska has over 15,000 salmon streams.
According to the Marine Stewardship Council, the world's top seafood "ecolabel" authority, states that Alaska, by weight, provides over 2/3 of the
world's seafood (marineconservationalliance.org/wp–content/uploads/2010/061359_MCA_Report_for_download1.pdf). However, the Alaskan
environment, wildlife and stocks of fish remain abundant year after year. Alaska's beauty and fisheries are frequent topics of the Nature Channel
programs, and Alaska remains a top tourist attraction for nature enthusiasts. Why, with all the commercial and sport fishing, haven't fishing stocks
depleted? Groundfish, scientists say, are abundant in the North Pacific, salmon returns have grown in the last 30 years, and shellfish production is also
successful. Even the sea lion population has steadily grown (marineconservationalliance.org/wp–content/uploads/2010
/061359_MCA_Report_for_download1.pdf p.5). This amazing nature preserve and economic way of life are sustainable due to fishing managers
following scientific guidelines very conservatively, making rules and regulations based on scientific research: research that is open to the public, and
discussed with the public on a regular basis.
Alaska became a state in 1959 under President Eisenhower, after Alaskans and the

Washington's Evergreen State
Washington Imagine a place filled with tall trees, green, rolling, hills, and a clear sunny day. Is that your dream? No! It's... Washington! Washington
was created on November 11, 1889 as the 42nd state in America. It is nickname is the Evergreen State, by C.T Conover, when he saw the lush green
forests with evergreens. Renowned as one of the best states in America, it's home to many firsts and creations, such as Starbucks, Microsoft's HQ,
largest floating bridge in the world, first soft–serve machine in the world, the only state named after a president, and many more. Even if it is a young
state, you can see it's a state with a good economy, many natural resources, and unique cultural features. Washington has a lot of natural ... Show more
Rainier National Park, Mt. St. Helens, and Gum Wall (of course there are way more landmarks). All of these landmarks have special features, as I
would tell you later, and all of these landmarks are famous. Now for the did you know. Olympic National Park is seventh on the list of "Most
visited US National Parks", with 2,824,908 numbers of visitors per year. It's also pretty huge, covering 1442 mi2, bigger than a lot of National
Parks. Mt. Rainier covers 369.3 mi2, and Mt Rainier is the tallest volcano in the Cascade Range. Gum wall is found in 1993, covered in gum, and one
of the top 5 germiest tourist attractions (all of these found on Google). There are way more landmarks that are famous, such as Grand Coulee Dam and
Mt. Baker, which shows how many natural attractions there are in Washington. So far, Washington has good landmarks, economy, and

Yarra Valley And Study Sites
Yarra Valley Fieldwork Report:
"Farming practices in the yarra valley are becoming increasingly sustainable"
Steph Yang and Jasmin Huntington
10E
Contents
Introduction
Description of the location of the Yarra Valley and Study Sites visited ............................. 2 Yarra Valley De Bortoli Winery
Healesville Buxton Trout and
Salmon Farm Yarra Valley Dairy
Map of Yarra Valley and study sites visited ............................................................... 2 Melbourne map Australia map
Description of the geographic characteristics ........................................................ 4
Overview of sites visited ..................................................................................... 4
Evaluation of sustainability .................................................................................. 8 Conclusion
Appendix ...........................................................................................See attached + Fieldwork Booklets
References ....................................................................................................... 11
Introduction
The Yarra Valley is the oldest wine region inVictoria, located in the north–east of Melbourne and just over an hour drive from Melbourne CBD. The
name of the Yarra Valley was given from the region that is surrounding the Yarra River, which runs and originates for approximately 90 kilometres
east of Melbourne's business district and towards one of Victoria's famous tourist attractions, Port Phillip Bay. The valley covers a very large area
consisting of Yarra Ranges National Park located in the east and Kinglake National Park which is located in the west. The valley further consists of
many towns such as Coldstream, Lilydale, Yarra Glen, Dixons Creek, Seville, and

Fish Farming: Meeting the WorldВґs Demand of Fish Supply
The world is currently increasing at an alarming rate, where the population will reach nine billion by 2050, creating further demand for food (Raising
More Fish to Meet Rising Demand, 2014). Fish farming, or aquaculture, is said to be the solution to meeting the growing global demand for fish as this
sector is rapidly expanding comprehensively for the last thirty years (Australian Marine Conservation Society). Aquaculture is performing to become a
successful method to satisfy the universal demand for seafood as it is environmentally friendly by preserving the ecosystem. It is beneficial to the
population's health as the nutrition value from fish farms is more nourishing (NTP Staff, 2014) and the process of fish farming has lower environmental
impacts compared to livestock farming (Watts, 2011). Fish farming is a positive resolution to meeting the world's demand for fish.
Aquaculture is a sustainable process in gratifying the global demand for fish as it values the preservation of ecosystems and number of wild fish in
the ocean. According to the Center for Economic Excellence & Development, when fish are raised in an enclosure, they are easily accessible when
being purchased, and the source or trade of retrieving more fish is efficiently managed when the demand is escalating (NTP Staff, 2014). The fish are
commonly grown in small, closed aquaculture systems that neither disrupt coastal habitats, nor rely on wild caught fisheries for feed (Australian
Marine Conservation

The Birth of Fish; The Death of Oceans Essay
The Birth of Fish; The Death of Oceans
Overview:
Life and death are themselves opposites; then again in our oceans, life sometimes causes death. Over the past few decades, the demand for edible
seafood has sky rocketed, resulting in the formation of aquacultures and overfishing. As of now, the two greatest threats to our marine resources result
from overfishing and water pollution. Commercial fishing targets key fish species, resulting in an imbalance of the marine ecosystem. In response to
the near elimination of these species, an industry has developed to raise these species in farm communities. It was the initial belief of many that
aquacultures would help offset the demand for more seafood. However, the result of fish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overfishing also disrupts the hierarchy in the food chain as well, since many of the big game fish are targeted by these companies. When this occurs,
fishing fleets then start a process known as fishing down, which is a phrase that was started by Pauly (Pauly, par. 12). Because of overfishing, some
members of society have decided to farm raise fish for the consumption by humans.
Fish farming, otherwise known as aquaculture, was started in hopes of preserving the oceans and providing a reliable source of seafood. In some
instances, it does wonders; in other ways it has hurt the oceans greatly. For certain fish species, such as the vegetarian and shellfish eaters, it makes
sense to farm them. For fish such as salmon and other carnivorous fish, it is highly inefficient to farm them. Other byproducts of fish farming include
the production of waste, the displacing of natural breeding habits, the spreading of disease, and the addition of other pollutants into the ocean (Pros,
par. 3). There is an importance in analyzing the differences between the pros and cons to determine whether or not the good outweighs the bad.
One of the major factors which leads us to many questions about the ocean is that of pollution. Pollution occurs in many ways that we can and cannot
influence. Pollution occurs from human unsanitary conditions, as well as from agriculture and fish farming. For example, in the Florida Keys and

Picked to Work on A Secret Project
Nicholas Boyster was one of eight scientists the government had handpicked to work on their newest secret project. Only being in his early twenties,
Boyster was practically a child compared to the other scientists, none of them younger then forty. Boyster's young age was not the only thing the
other scientists disliked about him, just the most official one. His general appearance fell far short of meeting their approval, too. Boyster's dark hair
hung down to his shoulders, often looking as if it had never seen a brush before. In the eyes of the others only short, neat hair befitted a person of
their standing. After all, only the best were handpicked for government projects. Last but not least were Boyster's clothes, he wore faded jeans and
t–shirts instead of the suit pants and dress shirts the others donned every day. The dislike was definitely mutual though. Boyster thought all the other
scientists were stuffy old geezers, who had long lost the love for the job and were now just going through the motions. And his immediate boss was
the worst of all. Mr. Bright was very set in his ways, never budging even an inch. The other scientist's opinions and ideas didn't matter at all; his word
was law. On their first day of work together he had set up a strict set of rules he expected everyone to adhere to. It had taken Boyster a total of five
minutes to break the first one: /Never contradict me/ Boyster had just meant to tell Mr. Bright that the little glass jars would not be able

Brief Summary Of Richard Lee's The Red Coat
government system when scientists made political, and economic decisions instead of the people to try and determine a cure for Ophiocordyceps.
Lee grew up in a Technocracy type of government and knows a lot about the Ophiocordyceps since, He used to be a scientist and did research on how
the virus affects animals. Most of his time he spent as a scientist in the city–state located in former New York called 'Red Coat' studying the disease
involved view human subjects who are infected. When he want to discover information on this topic he went into the abandoned areas that are jungles
now full of trees, branches, and vines that are as sprouting and growing on the buildings, streets, and houses. He went there accompanied by a group of
military soldiers to protect him. Nobody usually goes into... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tommy would offer Lee protection, and safety as long as he worked for him and shared any information he learned while, researching the infected.
Lee notices that it's getting dark and breaks into an old abandoned house by smashing the kitchen's window in. He tries to unlock the door while
only using one hand as the other one struggles to still hold Harper up after this long journey. He finally opens the door and heads up stairs to a
bedroom pasting a room that's filled with toys and drawings of horses and rainbows. Lee reminiscences about his childhood and growing up in 'Red
Coat' before that failure of an expedition. He places Harper down gently on the bed that belonged to a couple before this apocalypse. He examines
the pictures of the families while once again reminiscing about his childhood, and his parents who were also scientists. His parents are one of the
leading scientists in charge of running the government and conducting scientific experiments. They were also the ones to give the order to disavow
any knowledge of Lee or his failed expedition.

Fish and Management Case Study Essay
FITTskills: Global Supply Chain Management
Case Study #5: Global Supply Chain Management and Shipping
Catch of the day
Kalastaa Inc. have been in the local Finnish aquaculture industry for nearly fourteen years. They raise salmon and trout for local markets, and have
recently negotiated a deal with a small fish processing plant that distributes under a major product label in Finland. Although they run a rather small
operation, employing 16 people year–round, Kalastaa believes they are in a position to export some surplus and perhaps broker further deals with fish
processing plants around the European
Union. They do want to maintain ties with the local fresh fish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Colour coding is a common practice in the fish industry and provides a method of standardization for something as subjective as colour. Both in
production and sales, colour is the most important quality parameter for salmon.
Salmon buyers can request information on the colour of a delivered lot in the form of a number corresponding to a colour number on the Roche scale.
Another salmon colour reference is the colour number on the Salmofan scale. Kalastaa's bank, acting as their export advisor, contacts the
© FITT
1
FITTskills: Global Supply Chain Management
company to tell them that the letter of credit has fallen though because the certificate of quality is vague and it cannot be ascertained if the shipment
has passed its quality certification.

Something is fishy...
The documents were delivered directly to the buyer for payment. DanskFisk insists on inspecting the shipment upon arrival. DanskFisk is not an
experienced salmon importer, and usually deals with Spanish Blue Fish and Irish Char. They are not in disagreement that the salmon shipment has
passed quality inspection. Upon DanskFisk's inspection, they claim that the fat content of the stock is much higher than is claimed in the quality
inspection. They reject the sale and will accept substitute goods, but are claiming damages for loss of profit. Kalastaa management wonder if they need
to rethink their

Cave Paintings In The Film Cave Of Forgotten Dreams
Thinking of life back almost 40,000 years ago can be a challenge to wrap the mind around. To learn about the human species' past, we must decipher
the clues left behind of how humans used to live. When asked to recreate cave paintings a common drawing some might think of stick figures. The
actuality of the cave paintings is that they are incredibly detailed and are able to show the artistic talent of the cavemen and women. In the film Cave
of Forgotten Dreams, it focuses on a cave in southern France and the intricate paintings and artifacts found inside. The cave dates to around 30,000
years ago and there is a unique aspect of how everything was preserved. In fact, a ledge of rock fell and cut off the original entrance to the... Show more
The animals ranged from horses to rhinos, and even cave lions. The drawings were detailed enough to allow scientists to decipher the paintings and
learn what they were witnessing at that period of time. Along with the paintings of the animals, bones were found in the cave and that also revealed
more about the life in the cave other than just the cavemen and women. Using all of this information given to them, the scientists were able to learn not
only how the cavemen and women lived but how animals lived during this time. The drawings in the cave in Southern France seemed to be quite
anatomically correct to the animals roaming Earth today. The drawings are so detailed that there is not much hesitation on what type of animal they
could have been drawing, it is obvious what their intent was. A surprise regarding the animal paintings was the lack of anything other than mammals.
Throughout the cave there were a handful of paintings depicting insects such as butterflies and the one sole drawing of a human, but besides that they
animals were mammals. Why these paintings are important depends on who is answering the question. A scientist might answer differently than an art
professor who might answer differently than a random civilian. The importance is in what each person gains from these drawings. A scientist can
analyze and learn about who lived there and how they looked and acted. This was shown by the analysis of the red hand prints and the

Essay On The Impact Of Dams On Salmon
The dams had a negative impact on the ecosystem. From Brad Knickerbocker of the Christian Science monitor, "Logging near streams causes sediment,
which damages gravel beds salmon need for spawning. Waste from mining and other industries, as well as urban development, pollutes the water.
Farming diverts water and also produces chemical runoffs." That means salmon and others pieces of fish as well as anything in that habitat is swimming
in and/or drinking chemical runoff. And from the great salmon comprise by Ben Goldfarb, "overfishing and destruction from mining, logging and
development – which bury spawning beds in sediment, strips banks of vegetation and raise water temperatures – have taken their toll. Still dams are the
most visible culprit." River banks with no vegetation means erosion is more likely, warmer water temperatures hold less oxygen and salmon ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The "Great Salmon Compromise, written by Ben Goldfarb" says, "The Dalles and other dams gave the Northwest some of the cheapest power, but
they cut off 55% of the Columbia Basin fish habitat, with a disastrous result." The loss of territory caused the salmon and other fish species to not
be able to return upstream and lay their eggs. With the salmon not being able to lay their eggs their population decreased. Brad Knickerbocker said,
"The total salmon population has reduced to about 2 million, and some 80% of those are not wild, but hatchery grown. Two million is an astonishing
number and the fact that dams caused this is infuriating, also that most of these salmon aren't wild. In the article "Dams: Impact on Salmon and
Steelhead" written by John Harrison "Reservoirs also slow the flow of water and, through isolation, can cause it's temperature to rise to levels that are
lethal to salmon and steelhead." The rise of temperature in the water caused the salmon to also lose available space to live. As you can see dams have
had a negative impact on the salmon

Essay on Aqua Fish Canada Inc Ai
Page 1 (8 pages)
Practice Case Examination
Aqua Fish Canada Inc. (AFC) Additional Information
May 2007 to April 2009 Update Over the past two years, AFC has faced more intense competition, particularly from aquaculturists in Chile. In addition,
Chilean output has increased the supply of salmon and the Canadian dollar has strengthened in relation to the U.S. dollar. As a result, AFC has been
unable to meet its budgeted revenue targets. Stocks of unsold harvestable fish have increased, as well as the corresponding cost of maintaining the fish,
and the company barely made a profit in fiscal 2009. In January 2009, AFC lost one of its largest retail customers, S&F Seafood, to a new salmon
aquaculture firm, Nu–Farm Inc. This new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Guy Mills provided the board with a summary of selected site and segment data (see Appendix 1), and reported that the decreased profits in 2009
were caused by the Site 3 problems, the decrease in market value, the strengthening Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar, and the increased feed
costs. He also indicated that he expected the four sites to yield an average of 3.8 million kilograms (950,000 kilograms per site) of harvested fish per
year, assuming that no further unusual losses were incurred. Given the current market conditions and the risk of having to decrease prices or lose
export sales to the U.S., the board decided that the company should move into other markets and diversify into shellfish farming. No dividends would
be paid for the next year or two to free up some cash to invest in new projects. The board directed Mills to investigate establishing shellfish aquaculture
sites and develop a business strategy for increasing the profitability of the current salmon operations. They indicated that any proposed investment
should generate a minimum after–tax return of 10% within five years. Shellfish Aquaculture Opportunity Mills explored opportunities for diversifying
into shellfish aquaculture. He found two potential opportunities (a mussel farm and an oyster farm) and wondered which one should be pursued or
whether both should be pursued. A summary of the costs and yields for establishing these farms is provided in

Old Ocean Case Study
Oldcastle Precast of Avon, Conn. prefabricated a precast concrete pool and weir fish ladder, designed for a tributary to Hubbard Brook, Middletown, as
part of the Connecticut Department of Transportation's State Route 410 (Aircraft Road) culvert rehabilitation project.
The Connecticut Department of Transportation included a concrete pool and weir fish ladder to the culvert rehabilitation project under State Route 410
after learning about the benefits of a fish ladder, at this site, by the CT DEEP Inland Fisheries Division and the Fishery department. The new fish
ladder is providing fish passage through the slip line repaired culvert. Slip lining entails installation of a smaller sized culvert to line and stabilize the
existing culvert barrel that was deteriorating.
The Connecticut DEEP and the Fishery department found multiple benefits to adding a fish passageway through this culvert since there are suitable
instream brook trout spawning and rearing habitats upstream of the culvert. Additionally, the fish passageway would restore connectivity to over 1.4
miles of stream habitats. The upstream fish passage also benefits the diadromous American eel; whose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the steep grade downstream of the culvert, a 6–inch vertical drop between pools was specified. Baffles were installed throughout the culvert to
maintain a maximum elevation change of 6–inch water depth between each pool for fish navigation. To protect the fishway structure from scour and
erosion, a rip rap swale (rock used to armor the streambed) was installed along the sides of the structure and outlet. At the fishway outlet, the rip rap
swale blends into channel outlet protection that consists of a boulder weir that will create a pool to transition wildlife from a natural habitat to the fish
ladder passageway

Ecological Footprint Of Sea Food Consumption
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF SEA FOOD CONSUMPTION IN LAGOS
Lagos is surrounded by water, Lagos Island is practically on the ocean and the availability of water has contributed to the growth of Lagos in ways like
Tourism, Holidaying, Transportation and food. The Atlantic coastline of Lagos is estimated to be 180km long this is an addition to the estuaries,
lagoons, creeks and tributaries of major rivers that constitute the resource base for the thriving fisheries industry that are four in number. The total metric
tonne of fish landed by 1980 was not available, information indicated a high preference for shellfish harvesting (shrimp, crab and lobster) by private
investor. This was due to high demand on the international market for these products.
Without reliable fishery data and statistics of what is currently being caught, it is obviously difficult to predict future trends. Also a series of catch and
effort statistics, if continued over a period of years provides the best measure of changes in a stock of fish and the impact on fishing on it.
Late in December 2013, the Federal Government replaced the import ban decision with a new policy to cut fish imports into the country by 25 per cent
per year by introducing import quotas starting in January 2014.
Industry players contacted confirmed the quota's introduction, but they indicate there are still uncertainties over how much fish will actually be
allowed in under this newly–introduced system. Prices for fish in the domestic market

Is Salmon The Best Choice For Your Dinner?
Salmon, a light pink colored delicacy which is supposed to be healthy for you. But is it really that healthy and good for the environment?These intrepid
creatures swim against the currents of fury or they are packed into a small contaminated pond full of chemicals. This fish is over consumed by the
world's population. The chemicals in which farm raised salmon are grown in can cause the salmon to get sick, which then leads to the human to get
sick too.Also the salmon production process is an environmental issue causing many streams to get polluted. Is salmon the best choice for your dinner?
Let 's find out. Salmon also known as the "Kings" of the streams can be wild caught or farmed. Adolescent wild salmon eat insects, invertebrates, and
plankton. Adult wild salmon eat other fish, squid, eels, and shrimp. The salmon which is farmed usually eat a dry pellets which has canthaxanthin or
astaxanthin added to them to create that appealing 'salmon ' color. Also, some of the farmed salmon are even tainted with Agent Orange, a chemical
used in the Vietnam War to poison the opposing side. Most farmed salmon are kept in small ponds where they are able to grow and get bigger. The
ponds are usually overcrowded and full of chemicals. The pond water is most likely at a cold temperature, which the natural temperature that the
salmon adapted to. The pond water is also full of salmon waste and is barely ever cleaned. This can lead to the salmon to become a health risk to the

Largemouth Bass Research Paper
Largemouth bass are by far the most popular fish species on Lake Conroe Texas. While not plentiful, large bass have been caught, with the lake
record of 14.1 lbs in 1997. Lake Conroe is located in Montgomery county Texas, approximately 40 miles north of Houston Texas on I–45. Impounded
in 1973, Lake Conroe has an area of 20,118 acres with a pool level of 201 ft msl and a fluctuation of 1 to 3 ft a year. Water is clear to algal stained.
Fish species are, Largemouth bass Bluegill Channel catfish White & hybrid striped bass. Lake Conroe has mostly open water in the lower part of the
lake, with timber along the river channel in the northern part of the lake. Most of the timber is submerged at pool level, making it hazardous in some
parts of

Field Experiment On Surface Water Groundwater Exchange
Field experiment links surface water–groundwater exchange to fish growth
Or Surface water–groundwater exchange increases post–emergent salmonid growth by stimulating foodweb production
Francine
Alex
Colden
Eric
Keywords: chinook, hyporheic exchange, rearing habitat, salmon
Target Journal: CJFAS or Freshwater Biology or Ecological applications??
Introduction
Multiple salmonid species are known to actively select areas of groundwater upwelling for spawning. Surface water–groundwater (SW–GW) exchange
research has primarily focused on the importance of intra–gravel flow that supports fish egg incubation success, through moderated water temperature,
dissolved oxygen content and removal of respiration waste (Webster and Eiriksdottir 1976, Curry and Noakes 1995, Baxter and Hauer 2000 Geist
2001). Although this spawning habitat selection is likely to mediate conditions for juvenile salmonid rearing, the role that surface water–groundwater
(SW–GW) exchange plays in post–emergent salmonid growth has not been well studied (except Jungwirth et al 2000). In this study, we performed a
field–experiment to test if SW–GW exchanges increased post–emergent fish growth. In addition, we examined the direct and indirect effects of
SW–GW exchange on foodweb drivers resulting in observed fish growth to explore implications for fish conservation, management and stream
restoration. We believe this study to be the first of its kind to show direct fish growth due to surface water–groundwater

Short Story: A Mad Scientist and His Werewolf Experiments
Liam Baker born from italian mother and british father, and spent his first years in Lancaster, in a wealthy family. The father was a scientist, and
often away from home, while the mother, very affectionate towards her son, was a brilliant lawyer which Liam always looked up to. He was indeed
a clever and active boy, with a good disposition for the intellectual fields, and took the mother as a model–he was fascinated by her job, and the mother
encouraged his passion. The father, on the other hand, was a distant man and not a good paternal figure, even though the little boy did always try to
make him proud.Liam grew with all the love he needed thanks to the mother, but when he was twelve a tragic event happened: the father, after an
argument, killed the mother, and Liam saw with his eyes the aftermath. Liam was shocked, and he couldn't do much when the father brought him
oversea, kidnapping him. Liam, unaware of the father's plans, found himself gathered with other nine children that seemed to be in a similar situation.
Reached a laboratory a team of scientist started to study them to start time later a series of inhuman experiments. Submitted to vaccines, contaminations
and physical, painful alterations the children found themselves treated like test animal; drained of all his energies and devprived of his freedom, Liam
got over the death of the mother only because he couldn't even linger on his thoughts, astonished by what his father was doing to him. The children

Chinook Salmon Essay
The lifecycle of the New–Zealand chinook salmon is conventional to that of salmon in the North Pacific. chinook salmon (Otherwise known as quinnat
or king salmon) mature in the ocean, they typically will reach sexual maturity at 3 years old, but this can vary anything between 2–7 years. (Females
take longer than males.) Upon reaching sexual maturity, they will migrate upstream to spawn. Spawning usually occurs in autumn, immediately after
all adults die, as the energy expenditure of the process is too significant to recover. The eggs will hatch in early spring, and the chinook will spend
several months in the fresh water (some populations spend up to a year) before they migrate downstream into the ocean, only to repeat the process over.
Euryhaline fish species are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities. This is absolutely crucial for the chinook salmon to survive in the various
conditions it is challenged by. Typically, an ocean has a salinity of 35 ppt (parts per thousand), whereas freshwater has a salinity of less than 0.5 ppt.
The chinook is challenged with keeping the concentration and composition of their body fluids within homeostatic limits while migrating through these
continual changes in water salinity. Homeostasis refers to the relatively constant physiological state of the body despite fluctuations in the external
environment. To be more specific the chinook salmon must regulate water potential in order to sustain fluid and electrolyte balance within its body
relative to its surroundings. This is achieved through a process called osmoregulation. Osmoregulation is crucial for the chinook to maintain optimal
osmotic pressure within the body, this is the way by which it can withhold a suitable concentration of solutes and amount of water in its body fluids.
Osmosis is the net movement of water or solvent molecules across a semi–permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high
concentration. The chinook salmon proves to be an excellent example of an organism that displays the application of osmoregulation in order to
survive and complete the lifecycle required of it to spawn and pass on its

Mercury and Commercial Salmon
Commercial salmon is an important source of nutrition for humans in both urban populations and aboriginal peoples. However, mercury contamination
in salmonids has been a rising concern not only for the health of humans but for the health of wildlife and ecosystems that are affected by it. Mercury is
distributed widely through the environment through natural processes, but anthropogenic processes have been increasing mercury concentrations in
the environment to dangerous levels through direct deposition in soil and through atmospheric deposition. In this essay, I will review the processes in
which mercury circulated through the ecosystems, how salmon is affected by it, and how the consumption of salmon affects human health.
About Salmonids Salmonids is a group of species classified under the family Salmonidae. Salmonidae consists of 5 genera and 14 species primarily
residing in the arctic. The family of salmonidae includes salmons, trouts, and chars. A few species of salmonidae discussed in this essay include the
sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerca), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutta), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki),
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Farrell and Steffensen, 2005).
Overview of the Circulation of Mercury Inorganic mercury becomes deposited into the atmosphere and soil by both natural processes and
anthropogenic processes. Natural processes include volcanic events, breakdown of

Cuttlefish Growth Structure
Abstract This work was done to study the basic parameters which used for evaluation and management of the most common and economic cuttlefish
species in the Gulf f Suez Sepia savignyi , Samples were collected from the commercial landings in Ataka fishing port, during the fishing season 2014
/2015. Age was determined for 452samples using length frequency analysis. Growth parameters were estimated by applying the von Bertalanffy growth
function. The asymptotic length (Lв€
ћ), were 24.28, 33 and 32.11 cm for males, females and sexes combined, respectively the growth rate (K) were
0.61, 0.42 and 0.51/ year for males, females and sexes combined, respectively and (t0) were 0.328, 0.271 and 0.356 / year for males, females and sexes
Cuttlefish are found in large numbers throughout the world's ocean waters from the warm, tropical shallows to the cold depths of the deep ocean.
The cuttlefish's catch in the Gulf of Suez was composed of four species; Sepia savignyi, S. pharaonis, S. dollfusi, and S. trygonina and S. savignyi.
Sepia svignyi (Blainville, 1827) is the major targeted cuttlefish resource in the study area. This species, endemic to Western Indian Ocean, Red Sea,
Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf, it is a dominant component in commercial cuttlefish catches reported from the Gulf of
Suez, this species is heavily overexploited. In Egypt's commercially important trawl fishery in the Gulf of Suez, the percentage of cuttlefish constitutes
about 2.31% of the total catch during the fishing season 2014/2015. Few studies were made on the cuttlefish biology of Sepia savignyi Blainville,
1827. Ibrahim et al. (1993) investigated the age, length–weight relationship and theoretical growth of S. savignyi collected from the Gulf of Suez. .
El–Gammal and Mehanna (2006) evaluated the cuttlefish fishery status in the Gulf of Suez using surplus production model. EL–Sherbeny (2009)
studied population dynamic and fisheries of three species of cuttlefish (S. savignyi, S. dollfusi and S. pharaonis) in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt, Mehanna
and El–Gammal (2010) estimated the population parameters of S. savignyi in the Gulf of Suez

Wild Fish Conservancy Vs. United States Environmental...
WILD FISH CONSERVANCY, Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
C08–0156–JCC
April 28, 2010
Facts of the Case:
Wild Fish Conservancy v. United States Environmental Protection Agency is it a citizen suit brought against the Agency in which the Plaintiff believes,
regulations passed by the EPA and the National Marine Fisheries Service that makesalmon farms in Puget Sound not liable to general
sediment–management standards breaches on the Endangered Species Act and the Clean Water Act. Because the Plaintiff argues that both the Clean
Water Act and the Endangered Species Act were violated, there are a couple of Act provisions relevant to the case. Under the Clean Water Act, the
EPA is required to review state water quality standards. In regards to the violation of the Clean Water Act, The plaintiff points out that the standards
imposed by the 1995 amendments to the regulations on marine sediment proposed by WA Department of Ecology and passed by the EPA (1991)
adversely affected wild salmon populations (which as a result violates the Endangered Species Act.) The Plaintiff argues that both the EPA and the
Fisheries Service failed to take into account "the best scientific and commercial data" in their informal interagency consultation of the
regulations––specifically mentioning the EPA and Fisheries Service's decision to ignore facts that verify the negative effects that sea lice have on wild
salmon. The EPA and Fisheries Service claim that they did in fact

Physics and Fish Bioenergetics Essays
Welcome to the world of fish physics. Many of us understand basic fish behavior and can reach logical conclusions about where the best place to
throw a fishing line is. But when we don't think much further than that we are missing out on some very interesting details of fish behavior. We can
never fully understand why we find some fish in one location and some fish in other locations until we consider the concept of fish bioenergetics.
Ultimately, fish behavior is a product of bioenergetics. First, we will take a look at basic fish bioenergetics, understanding the underlying quantitative
principles. Then, we will look at some examples of how physical forces, thermodynamics, and light characteristics are specifically related to fish...
Energy expended by the fish depends on the velocity (flow) of the water and the swimming capability of the fish. The fish must exert a force in the
upstream direction that is equal to the force of the water trying to push it downstream. When the fish goes to retrieve a prey item laterally, it will have
to swim faster than the current. Getting a little bit more complex, we can consider Holling's disc equation (Stephens and Krebs 1986) which can apply
to any foraging animal. This equation's most simplified derivation is R = О»e – s/ 1 + О»h where R is the rate of intake, О» is the rate of encounter
with other prey items, e is the energy gain, s is the search cost, and h is the handling time. This equation assumes that searching for prey and handling
prey are mutually exclusive activities. It also assumes that the encounter rate will have a positive linear relationship with the time spent searching for
prey. For fish, many aspects of the physical environment can effect all of these components. There are many physical factors that effect fish
bioenergetics, such as local hydrologic characteristics in a stream or river. However, not all of the physical factors involved are especially obvious.
We will look at three examples here. Water velocity plays an extremly important role in fish bioenergetics. It effects components that are detrimental to
fish as

Genetically And Genetically Modified Organism
GMO or genetically modified organism. Is an organism which has had its genetic makeup altered by removing part of its genetic makeup and
inserting a modified gene from another organism or the mutation or deletion of the biome. The biological complexity of life is narrowed down to a
single gene and shoot at with foreign substances that change a genetic trait of an animal or plant. The history of altering genetics goes back to a family
who had a monopoly on petroleum in the 19th century and became the richest American ever. In 1913 the Rockefellers invested billions of dollars
with the hope that it would improve their image of doing charity and created a tax free foundation the Rockefeller foundation which took over
American medicine stock shares. The Rockefellers were obsessed with Eugenics a type of science used to improve a human population this is done in
two ways 1– positive which is where you try to improve the breed you are trying to control. 2– negative were you get rid of the worst of the breed.
Rockefeller financed the eugenics movement the same race science used by Adolf Hitler's third Reich. After the horrible press got out around the world
that the Nazis were putting into action what they were just thinking of doing. After world war 2 the chairman of the American eugenics society an
intimate Rockefeller friend announced the name change from eugenics to genetics. Later, the Rockefeller foundation financed the international
research institute in the Philippines a

San Joaquin River Project Analysis
Should California spent a heavy amount of money on a River Project?
This project is called the San Joaquin River Restoration.They had to rebuild the river so that the salmon and fishes can swim back and forth. It
cost them only $400 dollars to rebuild the dry river.I agree with Daniel Weintraub because he's been the public affairs columnist for the editorial
pages of Sacramento Bee since November 2000. Daniel Weintraub has been covering California politics and a public policy for 22 years, also
including the last 18 years in Sacramento. I choose this statement because I think California should invest money in this project because it can help
us in many ways and so that we can have a better economy. "The Sacramento Bee, April 26,2009 is the newspaper where this article was published
in. I believe the SJRP was worth the $400 dollars because of the experts that supported the numerous studies that proved it would work and help
California and the positive impact this project would have on people emotionally. I strongly agree with this San Joaquin River Project because it can
help and benefit people in many great ways. "For example the San Joaquin River is critical to revitalizing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are two major big problems with the legislation. One, it's tied to putting down the salmon back in the river. The second problem, there is no
funding for dams or river recirculation technology that would maximize Sierra water runoff and lessen the economic devastation to some San Joaquin
Valley farmers. Also they should fight for what they want and pay the money to make the new project because it would make a better economy.My
arguments opposing toward them is strongly correct and should be follow by alll the people that want a better

Eagle Gather Research Paper
Birds of a Feather – Fraser Valley Bald Eagle Festival, November 19– 20
From my first sighting, I have been fascinated with Bald Eagles. I am inexplicably drawn to the sight and sound of these majestic Raptors. Their calls
stir something in my heart and the sight of them catching an updraft and soaring simply mesmerizes me. To my great delight, my love for Eagles is a
shared passion and this November 19 – 20, eagle enthusiasts and aficionados from around the world will be congregating in the Fraser Valley to share
their passion. It's time for the 21st Annual Fraser Valley Bald Eagle Festival, celebrating the Season of the Eagles andSalmon. This is the lower
mainland's fastest growing festival and home to the largest recorded number

Persuasive Essay On Tissue Lacks
I believe that anybody shouldn't run along through what the doctors did to Henrietta Lacks. Henrietta persisted a mother of five children and after
she gave birth to her fifth children, she occurred to be diagnosed with cervical cancer. The doctors stole her cells without her permission. From
there on evolution of laws have been concerning tissue search. One of the issues comes to pass if people should be given the legal ownership of
their tissues. In my opinion, I feel like everybody should be given the legal right of their tissues. In 1951, 2009, and 1999 many laws were different
than now. One law that was different was if doctors took cells without permission it was totally fine and the government didn't care. For example, one
quote that the text lists is," When I tell people the story of Henrietta Lacks and her cells, their first question is usually Wasn't it illegal for doctors to
take Henrietta's cells without her knowledge? Don't doctors have to tell you when they use your cells in research? The answer is no– not in 1951 and
not in 2009..." What this piece of evidence is trying to say is that the doctors back then didn't really care about if what they were doing was right or
wrong and if the patient's approved of what they did to their cells. Another piece of textual evidence is," When you go to the doctor for a routine blood
test or to have a molecule removed, when you have an appendectomy, tonsillectomy, or any other kind of ectomy, the stuff you leave behind

Extract Proteins From The Muscle Tissue Of Various Fish...
Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was extract proteins from the muscle tissue of various fish species and execute an SDS–PAGE to determine
similarities in their respective protein profiles. The seven species examined in this investigation were the Yellow Tuna (Thunnus albacares), Thresher
Shark (Alopias vulpinus), Paiche (Arapaima gigas), Swordfish (Xiphias gladius), Catfish (Ameiurus catus), Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and
Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A sample of muscle tissue from each of the sevenfish species was placed in a microtube containing Laemmli
Sample Buffer, in order to disrupt and denature the tissue. The microtube was incubated at room temperature for five minutes, and then was placed in a
95В°C hot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are directly controlled by DNA specific sequencing and coding. Since proteins are influenced by DNA, their profiles, also known as proteomes,
are indicative of evolutionary and genetic relatedness. These proteomes vary from cell to cell, as the function of each group of cells is different.
Proteomics refers to the study of protein structure, function, and interaction within a certain environment in an organism.
The purpose of this experiment is to perform a procedure known as SDS–PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate– polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) in order
to determine protein profiles for seven fish species: Yellow Tuna (Thunnus albacares), Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus), Paiche (Arapaima gigas),
Swordfish (Xiphias gladius), Catfish (Ameiurus catus), Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The gel
electrophoresis separates the fish muscle proteins according to their molecular weights, which allows one to determine a profile for each specie.
The goal of this experiment is to extract proteins from fish muscle tissue, unfold and denature them, load them for gel electrophoresis, and determine
the success in our efforts to classify and compare fish muscle protein profiles. These protein profiles will help establish the shared characteristics and
evolutionary relationships between any two given fish species.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate

Ringed Crayfish Data Analysis
Results: The removal method of Ringed Crayfish data collection was over a sample site area of 50m2 at Pearson Creek, a stream, containing a
density of 5.18 crayfish/m2. The sample site was collected in 5m in width by 10m in height with wet, rocky, and grassy conditions. The data
collection incorporated five different samples of the number of crayfish removed from the stream each time (Figure 1). Sample one caught 53
Ringed Crayfish with 0 crayfish caught prior. Sample two caught 37 Ringed Crayfish with 53 crayfish caught prior. Sample three caught 42 Ringed
Crayfish with 90 crayfish caught prior. Sample four caught 26 Ringed Crayfish with 132 crayfish caught prior. Sample five caught 18 Ringed Crayfish
with 158 crayfish caught prior. What was caught in the previous sample was added into the total amount of crayfish caught prior. A negative linear
relationship is displayed by data collected in Figure... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A collection of five samples was made at this site (Table 1). The first sample collection captured 12 Ringed Crayfish with 0 recaptures and 0 that
were previously marked. The second sample collection captured 7 Ringed Crayfish with 0 recaptures and 12 previously marked. The third sample
collection captured 13 Ringed Crayfish with 0 recaptures and 19 previously marked. The fourth sample collection captured 4 Ringed Crayfish with 1
recapture and 32 previously marked. The fifth sample collection captured 11 Ringed Crayfish with 1 recapture and 35 previously marked. The total
number of Ringed Crayfish caught is 47 crayfish with a population estimation (N) of approximately 422 crayfish where N=ОЈ (CixMi)/ ОЈ Ri. The
total confidence interval of the estimated population (95%CI) is a range from 354.1 to 521.9 for the mark–recapture

The Consequences Of Editing Ethics In Frankenstein By Mary...
In science laboratories all around the world, scientists are hard at work creating a multitude of products. But when these products are related to
bringing a life into the world, the situation could get rather complicated. Frankenstein, a novel by Mary Shelley, tells the story of a scientist gone mad
after creating life out of death, while the articles titled Kazuo Ishiguro's uncanny science by Daniel Marchalik and Ann Jurecic (Source A), Pondering
the consequences of gene editing by Joel Achenbach (Source B), and CRISPR, the disruptor by Heidi Ledford (Source C), talk about the consequences
of gene–editing software in the world. The novel and articles both bring into the question ethics and morality. A creator is responsible for his own
actions, his creation, and the rest of society, as shown by both the story of Frankenstein and the articles about the use of gene–editing software by
scientists around the world.
As a creator, a scientist is responsible for just about everything he does in a lab and should admit any mistakes he has committed in his study.
Frankenstein would rather "suffer living torture" than "confess [himself] guilty of the crime ascribed to Justine" and be considered a "madman" (64).
Instead of coming clean about the creature during William's murder trial, he keeps quiet and does not tell anyone about the monster he created and
Justine goes to jail for a crime she did not commit. Frankenstein could be characterized as selfish for only thinking about

The Salmon Fisheries
In my hometown, a local diner serves "Honey dipped Salmon." They claim that the dish is prepared using a species of Salmon, called Chinook, which
is a product of the Alaska Salmon fisheries.
Since Chinook salmon is an anadromous specie, it is born in the fresh water, migrates to the ocean for 1–5 years and then returns to the Main–channel
Rivers to spawn. The female lays around 3,000–14,000 eggs that are successfully fertilized by the males, however the eggs are very brittle and can be
easily destroyed. Fortunately, enough hatch and survive in Alaska to ensure healthy stocks. After spawning, they typically die as they don't feed on
anything during their widespread migration and use up all the stored body fat for survival. ("CSSP", n.d.). As an example of their extensive migration,
we can look at "the Yukon River spawners that travel more than 2,000 river miles during a 60–day period to reach Canada". Their major populations
are located in Susitana, Taku, Copper, Kuskokwin, Nushagak river systems. The specie's returning numbers from their sprawled spawning migrations
had started declining in 2006, however they have significantly recovered now. (Wild explorer, n.d.)
The Chinook salmon is vastly sought after in Cook Inlet and Southeast Alaska by fishers because of its great value as a sport fish. The annual value of
sports industry in Alaska is about $500 million and the annual harvest looms around 170,000 fish. ("CSU", n.d.). However, to make thefisheries

Salmon Rivalry
Salmon hatcheries have been operated for a variety of purposes throughout their its history in this region, from harvest augmentation, to mitigation of
habitat destruction, to conservation and preservation of native populations. Despite this long history, we are only just beginning to understand how
hatchery–raised fish interact with and effect wild populations of salmon. Research shows that captive–bread salmon impact wild salmon in a variety of
ways, from competing with them directly for resources, to reducing the fitness of wild populations through interbreeding between wild fish and less–fit
hatchery fish. These findings have serious implications for the hatchery industry, and as the focus of hatchery operation switches from augmentation...
Studies began to reveal that intermingling of hatchery–bred and wild salmon often happened to the detriment of wild salmon populations via excessive
harvest, competition and predation, and reduced–fitness of wild individuals as a result of interbreeding with captive–bred individuals (Maynard and
Trial 2013). These studies will be the focus of the remainder of this paper. Regulations have been put in place to reduce the risk of hatchery and wild
salmon interacting, and new hatchery management practices work to maintain genetic diversity and reproductive fitness within hatchery stock as a
genetic bank (Maynard and Trial 2013). These management protocols are termed "conservation–preservation" practices (Maynard and Trial

Decomposition Of Salmon Essay
Decomposition of Salmon
The decomposition of salmon and other waste products from salmon farming have a wide array of environmental impacts. The effects on the
environment are seen through nitrogen and oxygen depletion in the vicinity, remineralization, fish waste, and other waste materials known to thrust the
salmon environment into a zone of stress.
Nitrogen & Oxygen Depletion
The largest impact that decomposition has on natural world in the vicinity of salmon farms is nitrogen and oxygen depletion. Studies have shown that
the decomposition of salmon in fish farming strategies contributes to the loss of nitrogen and oxygen in the surrounding areas (Brickell & Goering,
1997). This can be attributed to the chemical process a salmon carcass ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overabundance of these chemicals is toxic to fish and can cause "fish kills" (Genoil, 2012). Fish carcass remineralization can ultimately block
sunlight and choke plants causing the ecosystem to collapse into a "deadzone" (Genoil, 2012). Farmed fish mortality can reach 30% in shallow waters
(Genoil, 2012). Salmon farms increase organic matter mineralization (Heilskov & Holmer, 2001). This is caused by enhanced microbial activities
because of the presence of "organic–rich faecal pellets" (Heilskov & Holmer, 2001). The microbial organisms are more active in the fish farms because
the stagnant waters allow certain bacteria from salmon faecal pellets to accumulate and provide the microbes with a near optimal environment to
produce the inorganic substances that are byproducts of remineralization. The salmon also catalyzed this process by direct ingestion of detritus
(Heilskov & Holmer, 2001). Through the direct ingestion of these decomposers, the salmon undergo a biotic decomposition where the carcasses are
broken down into simpler, organic matter that undergo remineralization more

The Elwha River ( Duda )
Introduction: The Elwha river is located on the Olympic Peninsula of the Pacific Northwest in Washington State. It travels 72 kilometers from the
Olympic range in the Olympic National Park to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Before human disturbance this watershed was considered one of the
most productive ecosystems in Washington State and all of the Pacific Northwest (Duda). In the early 1900's two dams were built in this
watershed on the Elwha river forming two lakes. The Elwha hydroelectric dam at river kilometer (rKm) 7.9 (Figure 1.) was finished in 1913 and
formed the Aldwell lake. 14 years later when electricity demands were greatly increased the Glines dam (Figure 2.) was built further upstream at
river kilometer (rKm) 21.6 which then formed Mills lake. (NPS, Dam Construction) Figure 1Figure 2. Studies before the dam removal have shown
that 83% of the Olympic National Park has been untouched and is still considered a pristine wildlife habitat which is good news. This means that if
the lower end from the dams and below can restored then the Elwha River ecosystem theoretically will recover as well. Of the lower 5 miles that
was left available for fish spawning, not very much of it was usable. The dams cause a baseline shift in the lower river by changing the composition of
the river bed from fine sediment to larger stones and boulders which is not prime spawning habitat for fish. The negative effects of the dams, both
indirect and direct,

The Hoover Dam and Its Construction Essay
Outside of China, the United States is the most–dammed country on the planet. Counting only dams taller than fifty feet high, the U.S. has some 5,000
dams that range from giant hydroelectric dams such as the Grand Coulee in Washington State to flood control dams in the southeast and dams that
provide water for irrigation in California. Overall the United States has as many as 2.5 million dams of one sort or another. The design and
construction of many of these dams took place between 1930 and 1975. This 45 years period is known as the golden age of dam building, starting with
the construction of the Hoover Dam beginning in 1931. By the 1970s the golden age of dam construction began to come to an end with increased
concerns ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the dam was located in such a remote location roads and railways had to be built to bring the workers and materials to the site. Boulder City,
a camp was also built to house the thousands of workers. Before the construction of Hoover Dam even began Six Companies, Inc. had received
over 2,400 job applications and more than 12,000 letters of inquiry from job seekers. Many men arrived with all of their possessions and their
families ready to begin a new life in the desert. Many of these people were forced to wait and live in tent communities and shantytowns around Las
Vegas. This created very poor living conditions where more than 25 workers and family members died of heat prostration between June and July of
1931. Fortunately the U.S. government anticipated this problem and had already created plans to build a modern city, known as Boulder City, to
house the workers and their families near the site of Hoover Dam. To the surprise of both the government and Six Companies, Inc. Boulder City turned
into a community. Churches, a school, a newspaper, and a library were all built in Boulder City making it a model community [iii].
Before construction of the actual dam could take place the Colorado River first had to be diverted, this was done by tunneling four huge diversion
tunnels through the bedrock of Black Canyon. These tunnels were 56 feet in diameter, 4,000 feet long, and

Walleye Fishing Research Paper

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Gracie Segura

More from Gracie Segura (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Walleye Fishing Research Paper