Improving The Data Warehouse Technology Essay

Improving The Data Warehouse Technology Essay
There is currently a very strong need for a defined and standardized process to request work related to the data warehouse. Not only does the work
requests need to be standardized the development methodology needs to be defined with an agile approach fitting best with the direction and
culture of the company. By clearly defining steps to both of these things the efficiency of the team will be greatly improved. They should be able to
complete more projects as well as improve the quality of the products they are producing. With less mistakes and errors and more work being
completed the return on investment for the data warehouse technology will be greatly increased. These changes could also drive a change in the
culture of the company to become more data driven. If there was confidence in the data warehouse and the reporting coming from it as well as trust
between the business departments and the data team this could drive improvement across the company. Discovering opportunities for improvement
using data is the currently unrealized goal of the data warehouse. All improvements and changes and improvements outlines in this document have
that goal in mind. 2BUSINESS NEED AND CURRENT SITUATION There is currently a business need for a more formal software and systems
development methodology for the data team. A standard process needs to be created and adhered to for the full development cycle starting with the
submittal of an idea to the promotion process of a
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Transition Of The Business, Client Organizations Are...
TRANSITION IN SCRUM WAY
SUMMARY
To meet and exceed the expectations of the Business, Client organizations are progressively looking at using agile methodologies for software
development. Agile methods attempt to minimize risk of software development by developing software in short time boxes, called iterations. Anagile
software development process release new working version of software at the end of every iteration. Scrum is one of the most popular agile
development methodologies increasingly being adopted by IT firms.
Scrum is an iterative and incremental Agile Software Development structure for managing product development. It is a development stratagem where
the development team works as a unit to reach a common goal. Scrum enables a daily face–to–face communication among all team members and
disciplines in the project.
The scope of this paper is to provide an Outline on Scrum Methodology, its communication and collaboration.
BODY
A key principle of Scrum is during a project the customers can change their minds about what they want and need, which is called requirements churn,
and that unpredicted challenges cannot be easily addressed in traditional development methods. As such, Scrum adopts an empirical approach accepting
that the problem cannot be fully understood or defined, focusing instead on maximizing the team 's ability to deliver quickly and respond to rising
requirements.
SCRUM Vs TRADITIONAL MODEL
Due to the perceived "unplanned" and

Agile Methodologies For Software Development
Agile Methodologies for Software Development
Introduction:
In agile development model, the development of software is in incremental, rapid cycles. It is building new features on previous functionality with each
small incremental release. The software quality is maintained by rigorously testing each release. It is useful for time critical applications. The most
well–known current agile development life cycle model is Extreme Programming (XP).
Why Agile model:
The freedom that agile gives when new changes are needed to be implemented is very important. New changes can be implemented at very little cost
because of the incremental releases. Even late changes in requirements are welcomed
Unlike the waterfall model in agile model very limited planning is required to get started with the project. Agile assumes that the end users' needs are
ever changing in a dynamic business and IT world. Changes can be discussed and features can be newly effected or removed based on feedback. This
effectively gives the customer the finished system they want or need. Face–to–face conversation is the best form of communication.
In order to implement a new feature the developers need to lose only the work of a few days, or even only hours, to roll back and implement it. Close,
daily cooperation between business people and developers. Regular adaptation to changing circumstances.
There is customer satisfaction by rapid, continuous delivery of useful software.
People and interactions are

Software Engineering Trends
Objective of this research paper is to learn and understand the recent changes in software engineering and how it can pave way to an advanced method
of software engineering in the coming future. Hence this paper will be based on how current trends in software development would affect the future.
Software development and maintenance started to become major corporate concerns in the last half of the 20th century. Even though most companies
could not endure or compete successfully without software and computers; even in 2011, senior executive management remains troubled by a set of
chronic problems associated with software applications: extended schedules, major cost exceeding, sub–par quality, and reduced user satisfaction.
These problems... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, software to calculate and verify the developmental phases of a building will be able to redesign the whole building itself. The software
will be multi–purpose and the software components will be ready for evolution. The evolution feature will be similar to an add–on that is used along
with Internet browsers. The required add–on would have to purchased and attached to the software to get the evolutionary effect. Methodologies and
Tools: The labor content of software projects is extraordinarily high. Many software methodologies, tools, languages, and technology vendors claim to
displace human effort through automation with 10– or 20–to–1 improvements in productivity. In real life, these claims do not even come near. Only
companies that measure software productivity and quality can find their way through the tough competition and pick a truly effective path. The ad–hoc
methodology is mainly used for problems that require a simple solution. If the customer knows exactly what they require and the developer knows how
to provide it to them and has the right tools and equipment to do so then there is a good chance of success and project accomplishment. The scenarios
that represent several commonly seen problems in software development are namely

Hybrid Software Development Methodology : Business...
BUSINESS CASE HYBRID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING JUNE 16, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2 1.1.Issue2 1.2.Anticipated Outcomes2 1.3.Recommendation3 1.4.Justification3
2.PROBLEM DEFINITION4 2.1.Problem Statement4 2.2.Organizational Impact5 2.3.Technology Migration5 3.PROJECT OVERVIEW6
3.1.Project Description6 4.ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS7 5.TEMPLATE8 1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Traditionally, this organization has
utilized a waterfall methodology to develop software. The two main reasons for this are that is a well vetted methodology, and it provides a very
well defined scope that we can use to manage projects and stay within a defined budget. As the business climate becomes increasingly volatile, the
benefits of using this methodology have quickly become detractors. As requirements shift, the waterfall methodology locks clients in to a specific
predetermined scope. While this is a good way to control budget, it does not provide the flexibility required to meet client needs. Several new
software development methodologies have gained traction in the industry over the past few years. However, none of them provides both the
flexibility needed by the end user and the rigidity and control needed to manage both the scope and budget of a project in order to set client
expectations appropriately. This proposal recommends a hybrid approach that utilizes three of the more flexible software

The Case Identifies Struggle And Problem Faced By...
Tegan + Hrad Technika Case–Kriti Paliwal –The case identifies struggle and problem faced by organizations outsourcing IT projects and allows us to
ponder on how to manage outsourcing well. Case Questions: 1. What do you think caused the current situation with respect to Tegan's A/P system
development project outsourced to Hrad Technika? The A/P outsourcing project failed miserably, as an outcome of multiple mistakes from both the
companies, this case explores major mistakes an organization can make to cause such a fiasco. Below are the causes which contributes to this failure.
Approach of outsourcing should be followed when there is a lack of expertise required for the development of that project. Outsourcing comes with
huge number of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
linear approach but the linear approach demands for appropriate requirements and analysis at the very start of the project, and the A/P system
project clearly demanded an iterative approach as described in the case, the fluctuating requirements made it impractical to have been completed in
the decided time, also waterfall method leads to increasing cost and time, and thus is not appropriate under the fixed price contract because there
are no adjustments for any scope change, so, here because of wrong contract agreement, incorrect methodology, directly constituted to high
governance costs for Tegan. Tegan failed to impart proper knowledge of its A/P system to Hrad due to lack of sufficient personnel and expertise in
that area, as per the case, only one employee was there (Julia Jones) who was having the functional knowledge of the current system and was solely
responsible to interact and review the low level designs (LLDs), which resulted in the backlog of reviews and thus Hrad was not able to iterate as
required. One more integral factor which led to the failure of this outsourcing was the lack of leadership and commitment for the project from both the
ends. Tegan did not show its commitment to the project because first, it failed to deploy adequate expertise to facilitate the review

Evaluation Plan For Rapid Application Development
1.0 Development Approaches 1.1Rapid Application Development Rapid application development is an approach that is designed to develop software
and systems in which changes are expected to be made throughout the lifecycle of the approach. The RAD approach uses less time on planning and
emphasizes more resources on an interactive process in rapid prototyping. The RAD methodology consists of four phases' analysis, design, construction
and implementation. The four phases are processed through a chain of short bursts of interactive development cycles according to James Martin RAD
Methodology (Martin, 1991). Requirements planning phase Integrates all the aspects of system analysis and system planning. Stakeholders within the
project team establishes a mutual agreement on the business objectives, project scope and requirements. Design phase In the design phase, the users
works closely with the system analyst to develop models and prototypes that define the systems processes and functions. The development of the user
design is an ongoing process that enables the users to make changes to the model until the final product is functional and meets the requirements of the
project. Construction phase During the construction phase, it emphases more on the software development, users contribute ideas to make
improvements in the code of the program and further changes may be implemented into the system. Implementation phase In final stage of the
lifecycle, data is converted and system

Application Of An Information System
An Information System (IS) is commonly known as a system composed of people and computers whose main purpose is to processes or interprets
information. In this context, information system development methodologies (ISDMs) are used to organize the IS development process (Zaied et
al.2003). In the last decades, various well–known ISDMs have been established in literatures. For instance, Agile Methodology, Structured Systems
Analysis and Design Methodology(SSADM), Soft Systems Methodology(SSM), User–centered Development Methodology, ETHICS Methodology,
Jackson Systems Development(JSD) and etc. With these high level concepts of methodology for information system in mind, the rest of this research
is focused on selecting a suitable development approach for the project, and identify the features and current thinking on the selected methodology.
A software development methodology is a structure imposed on the development of a software product. It is used to structure, plan and control the
process of developing an information system including procedures, techniques, tools and documentation aids. A wide variety of methodologies have
evolved over the years, majority aggress that all these methodologies are distinguished into two categories – Heavyweight or Lightweight. Heavyweight
methodologies are also known as traditional methodologies which approach system development with standard, well–defined processes such as
Waterfall, Spiral and Unified Process. Lightweight methodologies

Kirk Samuda Riordan Manufacturing
Kirk Samuda
University of PhoenixBSA/375
Week (4)
Mr. Jeffrey Mc Nickle
Riordan Manufacturing must acknowledge that the initiation of any project can get a black eye because of implementation problems. As such, they
should realize that the major overall problem with implementation is that complexities associated with it, usually occurs when the solution is deployed.
Hence, many of the details of implementation must be planned ahead of time. The HR & IT departments cannot start planning for implementation
at the same time that the actually implementing is occurring.
It must be noted, that the implementation stage of this project is where all the information gathered in the prior phases begin to take on a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Wikipedia.com, software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development
process. Traditionally most of the test effort occurs after the requirements have been defined and the coding process has been completed, but in the
agile approaches most of the test effort is on–going. As such, the methodology of the test is governed by the chosen software development methodology.
The process of testing, is normally preceded by strategic coding by programmers, who normally initiate software testing as they write codes. This most
naturally, is dependent on the testing method employed, and may be implemented at any point during the development process.
Because of the urgency for this application, it is recommended that Riordan
Manufacturing, take advantage of a more traditional model, where most of the test execution occurs after each module is defined and coded, and after
the coding process has been completed. The design below is an example of the first stages of Coding the HRIS
10PRINT " Riordan Manufacturing Corporation "; SPC
20PRINT " Human Resources Information System (HRIS) "
30 PRINT " Copyright for Riordan Manufacturing 2013 – 2014" SPC;SPC
40INPUT ; PRINT " Please enter your

7000 Data Management
Create a memo describing your initial analysis of the situation at FAME as it relates to the design of the data base application. Write this as though you
are writing a memo to Martin Forondo. Ensure that your memo addresses the following points:
a. Your approach to addressing the problem at hand (for example, specify thesystems development life cycle or whatever approach you plan on taking).
Mr. Forondo, FAME (Forndo ArtistManagement Excellence) needs technology support to track the contracts of artists, a proposal for contracts to new
artists, calendars of artist schedules and the performance shows, etc. In any event, music manager today have to be informed about a lot more things
than they used to in the past including music ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b. What will the new system accomplish? What functions will it perform? Which organization goals will it support?
This is dangerous because management is the one field in the music business where you are required to know at least something about every aspect of
the music business. Gathering content from various sources leaves you not only with an incomplete picture; but also is a very inefficient use of your
valuable time and energy. In light of that we have put together the perfect knowledge resource for theArtist Management; saving you valuable time,
effort and money so that you can leverage the information into actionable intelligence and generate income for yourself and your artists or clients. The
logical sequence in a "how–to" manner that you can use much like a to a to–do list; making sure all the important aspects are taken care of before you
move on to the next task.
The information of the artists are stored in the database, FAME can access the database where they can achieve the business goals of the customers and
to act on the artists within the budget. The application helps managers to set the new goals for the artists to assign new assignments by creating
separate tables ARTIST table, ASSIGNMENT table where the application can directly read the artist information and show up on the application.
c.

The Agile Methodology ( Am ) For Software Development Essay
The Agile methodology (AM) for software development is an iterative system characterized by cycles of development, testing, and stakeholder
feedback. According to Ferreira and Cohen, the Agile methodology has the following five characteristics (50): 1.Iterative development: Small versions
of the software are developed at regular intervals. 2.Continuous integration: Instead of waiting until the end to make changes to code, code changes are
integrated immediately and then tested to ensure they work. 3.Collective ownership: Development teams are fluid as team members take on different
roles depending on need. They all own and are responsible for the system. 4.Test–driven design: Developers identify the testing required before
beginning to write the code for the system. 5.Feedback loop: In AM, there is a frequent feedback loop from stakeholders to ensure that the software is
on track with expectations throughout the process. Each loop in Agile development is characterized by development of specific features, testing,
stakeholder review, incorporation of changes, and then on to the next cycle until completion. Comparison of the methods: Stakeholder input: Both
waterfall and Agile methodologies use stakeholder requirements in their process. In the waterfall case study, the video game highlighted had a
pre–production stage where the requirements were identified and analysis was done up front to develop the game conception. The design is based on
that early analysis and

Agile Methodology For Software Development
A single definition of agile methodology in software development is not easily found. We should consider agile methodology as an umbrella under
which various agile methodologies rest. I will define agile methodology as an alternative to traditional 'heavyweight', linear project management
methodologies that is marked by an adherence to and reliance on the individual not as a replaceable part, constant interactions between the project team
and the customer, adaptiveness, customer collaboration, and responsiveness to change throughout a product's development, which is perpetual.
A major and initial influential force in agile methodology was Dr. Winston Royce. In 1970, he published an article entitled "Managing the
Development of Large Software Systems". In this paper, he argues software development is unlike the sequentially, siloed group phased execution
auto–manufacturing sector and proposed an iterative and incremental approach, while also acknowledging its risks, that today is commonly referred to
as agile methodology. Throughout my reading on the topic, I noted that the push for the use of agile methods in software development has been
referred to as a movement. And at the forefront of this movement is the Agile Alliance. In 2001, the Agile Alliance published the "Manifesto forAgile
Software Development". I will not explore this group or its manifesto further other than citing its opening salvo, listed on its website, in order to further
demonstrate the essence

In Early 2000S, Various Software Systems Development...
In Early 2000s, various software systems development methodologies were introduced and were started getting popular. One of them was agile method.
Agile is a group of the latest and popular software systems development life cycle methodologies work in iterative way. All the requirements/needs and
solutions are solved through collaboration between a development team and a business stakeholder. Agile method usually enhances an organized
project management method which promotes regular assessment and revision. And the scrum is a sub group of agile. It is an iterative and incremental
agile software development methodology for managing complex software and product development ("The Scrum Guide"). Scrum is not a method or a
skill for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What Is Scrum?").
3. Burn down charts:
This charts helps in analyzing the remaining works in the sprint, and ultimately forecasts a work which need be done in a time. It also shows if the
work will be done in time or not("What Is Agile? What Is Scrum?").
4. Sprint It is a 30–day focused effort moving the team toward fixed goals. Scrum is a normal set of rules, duties and meeting that is constant all the
time. Scrum achieves the success by unlocking unpredictability, and it has slightly different components than the waterfall project. To make the scrum
successful, these three essential components play vital role. They are as follows:
The product owner
The product owner is a person with clear vision and leadership quality. He should be the winner of the product. He is the champion of the business and
marketing perquisites. To become an effective product owner, he should understand the product backlog. He ought to co–ordinate with the business and
the scrum team, and should make clear to everyone about the work items in the product backlog. In addition, he should handle how to deliver, when to
deliver and what to deliver. Also, product owner ought to be independent of the team ("What Is Agile Project Management?") The scrum master
The scrum master is a connecting link between the product owner and the team. He does not manage the scrum team; however, he works to

Software Development Methodologies For Software Engineering
Software development methodologies A software development methodology in software engineering is a framework that is used to structure, plan, and
control the process of developing an information system. A wide variety of such frameworks have evolved over the years, each with its own recognized
strengths and weaknesses. One software developing methodology will not suit all projects requirements, and best suited should be chosen based on
various technical, organizational, project and team considerations. Most methodologies share some combination of the following stages of software
development: Analyzing the problem Market research Gathering requirements for the proposed business solution Plan and design the software–based
solution Implementation (coding) of the software Testing the software Deployment Maintenance and bug fixing. The goal of this section is to conduct
overview of the most widely used software development methodologies. Waterfall methodology The traditional approach to software development can
be illustrated through the waterfall model which is time tested and easy to understand. The waterfall model approaches software development in
sequential manner, completing one activity before the other. It brakes up project in stages: requirement analysis, design, coding and testing, operation
and maintenance (see fig. 1 below). Fig. 1: The phases of a Waterfall Model Each stage have goals to meet and once it is completed then next stage
takes place and

Software Development Methodologies For A Rehabilitation...
Content 1.Introduction 1.1 Purpose of Project 2.Project Aim, Objectives and Scope 2.1 Project Aim 2.2 Project Objectives 2.3Scope 3.0 Software
Development Methodologies 3.1 Waterfall Methodology 3.2 Rapid Application Development 3.3 Agile Software Development Methodology 3.4
Methodology Evaluation 4.0 Resources 4.1 Hardware Resources 4.2 Software Resources 5.0 Requirements and Risks 5.1 Core and Desirable
Requirements 5.2 Risks 6.0 Activity Plan 7.0 Conclusion 1.0 Introduction Each year in Northern Ireland an average of four thousand people have
strokes[1], minor and major, which affects each individual and their families. A stroke can take away an individual's confidence and self–independence
meaning the individual will need care from medical professionals and will have to undergo rehabilitation. The rehabilitation process for stroke patients
requires the patients to attend different specialists within a hospital depending on the severity of the stroke and the damage it has caused to the
patients. The patients may need to attend appointments with Occupational Therapists, Counsellors, Eye Specialists and Physiotherapists. 1.1 Purpose
of Project A stroke patient's rehabilitation requires the patient to attend different units within a hospital and it is difficult with the current system to
monitor the movement and attendance of a stroke patient to their appointments. This project will monitor and record the

Celanese
Table of Content
1.Introduction
2.Task A– Analysis Celanese AG (CE) Competitive Force Model– Porters Five Forces Value Chain Model Celanese centralised enterprise system to
its business strategy Business Value
3.Task B – Systems Development Methodologies
4.Task C
5.Bibliography
1.Introduction
Celanese AG is a global producer of value–added industrial chemicals. They are one of the leaders in their product areas; Celanese has the leading
position in producing acetyl products and engineered polymers. Their products are manufactured in North America, Europe and Asia. In 2006
Celanese's net sales went up from 1,471 million USD to 1,573 million USD while their operating profit decreased by 15 percent from 172 ... Show more
The new entrants will try to battle in the areas where the barriers of entry are very low.
The chemical industry is getting more and more instable. The different technological developments and political and environmental differences as well
as globalization and fulfilments open up and are a threat at the same time.
Value ChainModel
With help of the following value chain I analysed the activities of the company. It connects the company analyses and the strategy development– we
can also see the strengths and weaknesses of the company which we can use to moderate a corporative strategy for the company profile.

I.Firm Infrastructure
Celanese's values are productivity, efficiency and being result orientated. To achieve those goals Celanese is not doing much routine adminstrative work
anymore – they did outsource those tasks to support the strategic work of the employees. This also increases the motivation of the employees and helps
them being more efficient.
II.HRM
Celanese provides different career opportunities; the offer challenging tasks, trainings, global outreach and individual career opportunities. They also
do regular performance interviews to keep track of the development of the employee. In these interviews the strengths and weaknesses of the
employees will be analysed, so that they can be coached in their weak areas.
III.Technology Development
Celanese supports Research and

The Model Driven Development Paradigm
3. Model Driven Development Paradigm
In the last few years, the software development evolves in an important manner MDD is a group of approaches, theories and methodological
frameworks for industrialized software development.
The basic idea of this model is to transfer the development efforts from programming to the higher level of abstraction,through use models such as
primary artifacts and by transforming models into source code or other artifacts .
Abstract
This paper explains the meaning of analysis and design phases also analysis, designpatterns, as well as the points of differences and similarities between
them, also describe what is development methods,and how to use these patterns in modern development methods, and the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Then, a general definition of patterns according to (RIEHLE and ZГњLLIGHOVEN 1996) 'A pattern is the abstraction from a concrete form which
keeps recurring in specific non–arbitrary contexts.' also there is another definition "Patterns are regularities in data from a specified source" according
to....
Analysis and Design Phases Description
Software Engineering is the whole process of developing a software product from beginning to end using an accepted methodology. One of the common
and oldest methods is the Waterfall model which sets a linear sequence of progression from Requirements gathering and analysis, design,
implementation, testing to maintenance (Philip L, Matthew, &Nick, 2002).
Fig (1) the waterfall model of software development
The five common stages include
1.Analysis
At this stage the system requirements are collected and defined. Every existing systems can also be evaluated and each inadequacy can be highlighted.
2.Design
A design specification is taken from requirements analysis, which plans are prepared related to physical construction, hardware, operating systems,
programming, communications and safety issues.
3.Build
Using the design specification, the system is developed and elements built. Additionally, the system will also be tested and user training will happen.

4.Implement
The system is installed and implemented. That is, through any a gradual phased process or through a more cost

Advantages And Limitations Of Agile Software Development...
Agile software development methodology
Agile development is a term used in software development to describe incremental software development methodologies. It is a type of incremental
model because, in incremental model the whole requirement is separated into many separated builds. Here, the software is developed in incremental,
rapid cycles resulting in small incremental releases with each release building on its former functionality. Each release is critically tested to make sure
that the software quality is maintained.
The phrase agile refers to a software development methodology which promotes a project environment for adaptation, rapid delivery and client focus,
self–organization and team work. Agile software development methodology is a conceptual framework for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whereas if a plan were there to be followed, a single area of code is expected to be written once.
пѓ Can increase the risk of scope creep due to the lack of detailed requirements documentation
Advantages of Agile software development method
пѓ Able to gain customer satisfaction by rapid, continuous delivery of useful software.
пѓ More focused on people and interactions between people rather than process and tools. Customers, developers and testers constantly interact with
each other.
пѓ Working software is delivered quickly and more often (weeks rather than months).
пѓ Using Face–to–face conversation as the best way of

Sdlc ( Software Development Life Cycle ) Methodology
Abstract: In this report we are going to explore about SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) Methodology and we are discussing about the
differences between SDLC and Agile Project Management. Firstly we discuss about basics of SDLC Methods and their SWOT Analysis their
mission and visions , And we are discussing their basic differences in it Before we get into actual discussion we need to know about three main
thing of SDLC methods they are : 1)Design of software to meet the requirements 2)Construction of the Software to meet the design 3)Deployment
of software Along with this three things we need to give the maintenance facility for the developed software. With all these basic features we can
say that we meet the specifications of SDLC methodology. There is many protocols to meet the actual requirements of any SDLC method. Here
there are common features like analysis, design, develop, Testing, Production and Maintenance. Here in this report we not discussing these
features in each SDLC methodology but the difference among. INTRODUCTION: Some basic information about the SDLC SDLC is comprises
of a series of sequential Phases which usually do not step over each other. The sense of the do not step over each other is there is a need of stake
holder approval is required whenever a new phase has to be begin. Whenever a phase of development is completed we need to show the work to the
client for every demo of the project clients need to decide whether they need to take

Developing Agile Software Development Methodology
Introduction
Ever since the Agile Manifesto came into existence in 2001, it has led many agile software development processes to spurt up. Dynamic Systems
Development Method (DSDM), Extreme Programming (XP), Feature Driven Development (FDD), SCRUM and Crystal Methodologies are some of
the most famous agile software development methodology famous today (Vlaanderen et. al, 20011), (DingsГёyr et. al, 2012). In the recent research
done by (DingsГёyr et. al, 2012), it's been found that XP and scrum are the two most common agile methodologies used currently. In their
empirical research (DingsГёyr et. al, 2012) also found that most of the existing studies on agile methodology focus on XP and there are very
limited studies done on SCRUM. The purpose of this literature review research is to analyze the existing research available on SCRUM
methodology. This literature review will provide a broad overview on various information researchers are providing on agile software development
methodology, keeping Scrum agile methodology in the focal point. In addition, this literature review will also address the advantages and
disadvantages of SCRUM agile methodology. This research will help the audience to gaze over the recent study over scrum and will help in making
the decision whether Scrum is the right agile methodology for their software development project.
Agile Software Development Methodology
To understand the SCRUM methodology, it is imperative to understand the purpose and concepts of

Explain How A Business User Could Be Involved In The Core...
Close involvement of a business user from the beginning of information systems development has the potential to produce a better outcome for both
the organization and the developer. In this essay I will explain how a business user could be involved in the core activities of building an information
system. Additionally, I will analyze how software development methodologies can work in tandem with projectmanagement for the benefit of both
information systems development projects and the organization. Finally, I will evaluate how project managers and IT managers can ensure that
information system development projects are in alignment with business strategies and goals.
Business User Involved in Core Activities There are six core ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By being a part of this phase the business user can provide inputs that in the end will make the system an overall better product and more user
friendly to those who will actually be required to operate the system (Grevendok, 2013). The third phase of the system development process is the
programming phase. During this stage system specifications that were prepared during the design stage are translated into software program code
(Laudon, & Laudon, 2016). The business user plays a vital role in this stage because it is in this stage that the software will be either developed or
purchased from an outside vendor (Hsu, Lin, Zheng Hung, 2011). Ensuring that the software aligns with the new requirements is vital to the long term
success of the information system.
The fourth stage of the system development process is the testing phase. During this phase exhaustive and complete testing must be accomplished to
ensure that the new system produces the expected results (Laudon, & Laudon, 2016). The business user's involvement in this process can be utilized
by trying to make the new system fail in order to fix any major or minor problem that may arise down the road (Laudon, & Laudon, 2016).
The fifth stage of the system development process is the conversion phase. It is during this phase where the process of changing from the old system to
the new system happens (Laudon,

Pros And Cons Of Agile
Agile Methodology There are many different software development methodologies for a software project to choose from, each of them has their own
pros and cons, which one is the right one for your organization. In this article, we will discuss the different types of project environments that are
available, first we will start with the Agile methodology pros and cons and then we will talk about the suitability of the method with different project
environments. Agile methodology for a typical software project or any in environment in which the requirements are unknown or change quickly. Agile
focus toward teamwork, constant user feedback, continuous improvement, face–to–face meetings, constant cooperation, early and continuous delivery
of working... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Agile is adaptable or highly flexible meaning that is has short development cycles of the interactive design process that gives the project flexibility to
pivot when the need arises. You do not have to deliver a full project which wastes time and resources on delivering a full project which could be rejected
by the customer. Customer has the ability and satisfaction over the development process since Agile projects are closely coordinated with the customer
so they have a strong impact over the development project. There is immediate user feedback and interaction among the stakeholders and emphasis on
getting a shippable product into the hands of the user which reduces the risk of building an application that nobody wants, with the constant interaction
with each other and the customer you increase the best features. With continuous quality assurance and attention to details the quality of the product
with TDD as each iteration leads to fewer bugs and a higher quality releases. Agile has a solid foundation that leads to quicker, higher quality releases
since the development is conducted in short cycles and with the testing that will run non–stop, it allows the production of a great final

Making A Bespoke Solution, Commercial Of The Shelf Solution
Many IT departments face the dilemma whether to purchase into a bespoke solution, commercial of the shelf solution (COTS) or open sourcing , when
sourcing new software, in the competitive market. The chosen option should be one which meets the business and system requirements, as well as;
understand the architectural requirements, the current skill set of the development team, existing solutions, advances in technology and understanding
the advantages and disadvantages of each solution before a decision is made, which are all part of the six step process recommended by
techrepublic.com.
The business requirement needs to be supported by the result. To obtain the key business requirements, the right people within the business must be ...
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It is imperative to consider the architectural desires for a project. Identifying the industry standards and requirements will help determine if a solution is
worth developing within the company or outsourcing either through bespoke design or off shelf, this is to reduce the cost of operation and
maintenance. Some architectural factors that may restrict the solution could be, the security strategy, technology communications, existing systems
which will interact with the new solution, the structure (frameworks such as J2EE or .NET) , servers, browsers and Operating systems.
When designing and deciding the desires of this app , because this is a new capability for the company, there will no interfaces or servers which the
app will have to interact with as everything will need to be developed because the app is a new capability.
The bespoke solution and means that these desires should be already known and aligned with the industry standard because it is being developed in
house with the guidance from skilled people.
The COTS solution is the least likely to be aligned out of all three solutions, this is due to the fact that it has been designed with general based on
basic common functionality and so it will unable to be compatible with all servers and operating systems.
Open source, although it may not be

Software Development Project Methodologies For Developing...
Software Development Project Methodologies 1, Discuss Software Development Methodologies in general – what is a Methodology, why are
methodologies used? Software Development Methodology is a process of project to develop a software or system to improve its quality. http:/
/www.codeproject.com/Articles/124732/Software–Development–Methodologies Instead of focusing on coding the software or system (technical part),
it will emphasize how to develop the software or system (organizational part). https://www.cms.gov/Research–Statistics–Data–and–Systems
/CMS–Information–Technology/XLC/Downloads/SelectingDevelopmentApproach.pdf Software Development Methodology will be used to get
requirement, plan the project, and control the progress of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the result, there is no turning back and it might cause huge changes of the process. Weaknesses: https://www.cms.gov
/Research–Statistics–Data–and–Systems/CMS–Information–Technology/XLC/Downloads/SelectingDevelopmentApproach.pdf However, there are lots
of weaknesses for Waterfall during development. The Waterfall model is not flexible and it's too slow and costly because of the process cannot be
changed and need to ensure each step finish before move to next one. Because of this structure, the process cannot move backward and relay on the
design and documentation in the beginning, for example, it will be difficult and might need to start from beginning again if clients want to change
their requirements. During the development, there will be no test for the program (only basic test) so some bugs or problems can't be found until
system test step and they need to fix the bugs and problems based on capacity. It wastes lots of time to update all documentation, in addition, some
specifications will be difficult for users to read and understand. http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/124732/Software–Development–Methodologies In
short, Waterfall can work well when everything is following the plan because the model rely on all specification and documentation which finished
before implement it, in another word, it's easy to cause a failure or over budget because of changing requirements. 3,

Essay on Itm 3060 Ch 10
1. (B) An analysis of proposed system feasibility and a logical system design are part of which of the following SDLC phase? a. Construction phase b.
Definition phase c. Implementation phase d. System–building phase
2. (B) The SDLC phase that typically requires the greatest percentage of total cost for a project is the _________ phase. a. definition b. construction c.
implementation d. final
3. (B) A feasibility analysis includes which of the following components? a. System requirements document b. Scope or boundaries of the system c.
Processes used to convert data d. All of the above.
4. (A) The ___________ approach to systems development has often been referred to as the "waterfall" model. a. SDLC b. prototyping c. RAD d. XP ...
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a. b. c. d. Parallel strategy Phased strategy Pilot strategy Cutover strategy
11. (A) The percent of development resources devoted to maintenance for a system: a. b. c. d. generally increases over time. generally decreases over
time. generally stays about the same over time. is variable depending on the system.
12. (A) Which of the following is not the responsibility of a system project manager? a. Determine what the system will do b. Detail the tasks of the
project c. Determine how long each task will take d. Obtain the necessary personnel
13. (B) Which of the following accurately represents a responsibility of a systems analyst? a. Obtain promised benefits of system b. Develop detailed
system requirements c. Acceptance testing d. All of the above.
14. (B) Which of the following is usually not a problem associated with specifying detailed requirements at the beginning of the development process?
a. Capturing all the exceptions b. System programmers have no experience with this type of process c. System complexity d. Business environment
often changing
15. (A) Which of the following accurately characterizes the systems development life cycle (SDLC)? a. The success of a project dependent is on the

accurate and complete specification of detailed requirements at the beginning of the development process. b. The process is short, often requiring only
a few months. c. A manager can easily

Disadvantages Of Software Development Methodology
The methodology is actually defines the workflows, processes and responsibilities which are necessary for project's aims and goals. So, we can say
that software development methodology is a set of best practice to control the complete software development process. The development process of
any project has specific phases which are known as project life cycle. Usually each project has five phases which are named as: 1– Analysis 2– Coding
or Development 3– Testing or Validation 4
– Deployment and Integration, 5–Maintenance. There are several software development methodologies are
available and each of them has its own strengths and weaknesses. Not all methodologies could be appropriate for all projects. Each method is best
known for certain... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will be helpful in customer satisfaction. This model delivers face–to–face conversion between the development team and customers which surely
help to minimize risk and enhance overall product planning. The continuous attention to a good design and technical excellence makes this model
flexible. Disadvantages Only high skilled and expert programmers are required for this model. In this model, there is lack of emphasis on all essential
documentation and designing. This model is also not suitable to handle complex projects. 6– Spiral Model The spiral model is somewhat similar to the
incremental model. This model requires four phases which are: Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and Evaluation. The spiral model focuses on
early identification and reduction of project risks as well. It is mostly used for large projects. Also used when cost and risk evaluation is so
important. Advantages One great advantage of this model is there is high amount of risk analysis required so the avoidance of risk is enhanced. This
model is flexible as it allows any changes to be implemented at several stages of the

Software development methodology to improve planning and...
Software development methodology to improve planning and scheduling in web development.
Introduction
Now a days Software is an essential part of the modern society. Most of the business companies, government, organizations using IT systems in their
operations. But most of the information system projects frequently fail because of the failure to meet the user requirements, insufficient budget, poor
communication, poor planning and scheduling, lack of quality assurance and do not have a standard project management methodology etc.
According to the project management Solution (2011) survey shows that "$74 million in projects are at risk each year in the average firm surveyed
(37% of the total value of projects closed)". And 22% software ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nearly 31% of web projects fail to complete within the time bound and most of the projects were fail because of the too many changing requirements
55% and 21% fail to meet stakeholder requirements, further 28% are outsourced to other parties.
According to the above details nearly 31% web development projects unable to complete within the time bound it is a one of the major reason for the
web development projects get fail.
Methodology
Agile Scrum
Scrum is an agile software development model that work in with a multiple small development teams Specifically Scrum is the fastest–growing
framework for effective team collaboration on complex projects.
According to the (Deemer and Benefield , 2007) Scrum product development methodology structured cycles of work called "Sprints" iterations of
work which are typically 1–4 weeks in length, and which take place one after the other. Furthermore these sprints are fixed duration with a fixed date
whether the work has been completed or not, these dates are never extend for any reason. At the beginning of the each sprint development team select
the task from the requirement list and commit to complete the task by the end of the Sprint.
Further (Deemer and Benefield , 2007) describes that at the begging of the each spring project development team tack place a sprint planning meeting.
In the first sprint

Systems Development Methodologies ( Quarban Ali ) Essay
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES Quarban Ali Subject Code # Contents Introduction3 Factors that Influence Project3 Size of the
team4 Nature of the system4 Systems Development Methodologies4 Waterfall4 Characteristics of Waterfall methodology5 Prototyping6 Strengths7
Weaknesses7 Situations where most appropriate7 Situations where least appropriate7 Spiral Model7 Characteristics8 Strengths8 Weaknesses8
Situations where most appropriate8 Situations where least appropriate8 Adapting of the System Development Methodology – Guidelines8 Assessment
of environmental factors9 Methodology selection9 Adapting levels9 Implementing elements9 Conclusion9 Introduction A system development
methodology refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and ascendency the process of developing an information system of an
organisation. A wide variety of shows of such frameworks have evolved over the years, each with its own recognized enduringness and weaknesses.
One system development methodology is not necessarily suitable for use by all projects. Each of the available methodologies is best suited to
particular variety of projects, based on various technical foul requirements. The purpose of this report is to discover how development methodologies
are being used in organizations. What methodology should a consulting firm adapt to work on a project considering the environmental factors (internal
/ external). The

Software Development Methodology Best Practices
IST 659
BEST PRACTICE 1
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY BEST PRACTICES
POOJA RAMALINGAM
INTRODUCTION
The initial software development methodologies were more than methodologies, free for everyone, as organizations endeavored to profit from the
latest computer related technologies. As the industry gained more insight about designing the software, fixed techniques for administering and
predicting the market price of the software development projects came into practice.
Agile software development is a collection of software development methods where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration among
self–organizing and cross–functional teams. It promotes flexible planning, progressive development, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People occasionally are not great at detailed explanations regarding what they require. Although, they are reasonably good at specifying what exactly
they need and later they are presented an option as to what they like and don't like about it. By way of explanation, we need to communicate and work
with our stakeholders to precisely determine what they assume they want, deliver something that reflects that concept, receive quality feedback from
our stakeholders on the same, and then update our solution to reflect our refined comprehension.
Stakeholders who take charge and be associated with IT projects are likely to have a political agenda which they are attempting to improve. Moreover,
stakeholders who are responsive to requests for information may delay the project, the reason being, the team should hold on for responses. Reactive
stakeholders indicate signs of the stakeholder community having poor relationships with the IT departments. Due to strained relationships, the
stakeholders are likely to participate less frequently and to a lesser

Designing A Bespoke Solution, Commercial Of The Shelf...
IT departments face the dilemma whether to purchase into a bespoke solution, commercial of the shelf solution (COTS) or open sourcing, when
sourcing new software. The chosen option should meet the business and system requirements, as well as; understand the architectural requirements, the
current skill set of the development team, advances in technology, understand existing solutions and advantages and disadvantages of each solution.
These compose the six step process recommended by techrepublic.com.
The business requirements must support the result. To obtain the key business requirements, the right people within the business must be involved.
Techrepublic.com explains the core business requirements as;
"One that must be supported by the solution to continue. If a requirement can be only partially met or not addressed by a solution, it is not a core
requirement."
This definition shows the importance of the core requirements, without them being implemented, the solution is ineffective.
The bespoke solution means that the business requirements are defined in house and it can be explained to an out sourced company and so the
solution is likely to be fit for the business.
A COTS solution is used by many companies, so has limitations as it leads to the business process and requirements being dictated by the solution,
which leads to restrictions impending growth and development.
Open source solutions allow the company to have the COTS solution but mitigate any chance of the

Explain The Spiral Cycle Of Spiral Methodology
Figure 1 spiral model
Spiral model is a software development methodology that used the pros of waterfall model and RAD (Rapid application development) concept. It is a
type of methodology that having a lot of risk analysis about the difficulties occurs and the early version of program can be developed quickly by using
prototyping. Next, this methodology is having strong communication with the end–user due to its cycle (also referring to spirals in this methodology)
keep repeating. It also is using the latest module that created during the previous cycle for developing next prototype. Next, when the troubles are not
resolved able, developers can realize earlier. This can let the organization decide whether this project should continue or not. The cycle will continue
loop until the primary people feel comfortable with the design.
Figure 1 of starting point will be the initial step of the cycle. After completed moved 360 degree, represent 1 cycle of this methodology. (This figure
will reflect the steps of spiral model by label some progress name in the circular line.) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those steps are typical cycle of developing system methodology. For the steps to complete a cycle, it needs 3. Firstly, find out the mission, risks, and
solution of design and limitations. Next, base on the target and limits to produce solutions. Lastly, this step will be let multiple persons evaluating the
solution created by the developers and plan for another iterative phase, cycle. The cycle will repeat with simulate steps until the system exactly
complete. Every cycle of it begins with some

The Four Main Values Of The Agile Methodologies In...
In the software engineering field, there are many software development methodologies. In recent times, Agile methodologies have become popular
and are being widely used by companies such as IBM. Agile's origins began in the 90s thanks to the likes of Rational Unified Process (1994) and
Scrum (1995), but when 17 software developers met in Utah in February 2001 and created the Agile Manifesto, they became collectively referred to as
"Agile Methodologies". This manifesto was created to answer the failures of traditional Software Development Lifecycle Models (such as the Waterfall
model). Agile System Development is a collection of methodologies in which combines iterative and incremental development. The four main values of
the Agile Manifesto are as follows: 1.Individuals and interactions: self–organization and motivation are important, as are interactions like co–location
and pair programming. 2.Working software: working software is more useful and welcome than just presenting documents to clients in meetings.
3.Customer collaboration: requirements cannot be fully collected at the beginning of the software development cycle; therefore, continuous customer
or stakeholder... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scrum methodology believes that every software project needs to be handled in a unique way and that existing methods must be tailored to suit the
program as best as they can, instead of the program being moulded according to the methodology. Agile focuses on the adaptability of the product and
the satisfaction of the client/customer (who communicates to the development team and is represented via a Product Owner) through the swift
development and delivery of a working software product. This allows for the product to be easily changed if either the development team or client
/customer are unsatisfied with the requirements/features and want to change them during development (unlike in Traditional methodologies where it is
hard to go back and make

Software Development : The Agile Development Methodology
There are many ways to develop software. A very popular and preferred method of software development today is the Agile development methodology.
One of the original development methods is the Waterfall method. When comparing the two software development methods, Agile fluid process are
preferred to the rigid traditional Waterfall development methodology's created back when computers were very large physical behemoths, taking up
entire rooms. Waterfall Method vs. Agile Methods of Development What is the Agile model? "The Agile movement seeks alternates to traditional
project management. Agile approaches help teams respond to unpredictability through incremental, iterative work cadences, known as sprints. Agile
methodologies are an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using these "sprint", developers can make corrections as the project might move in a different direction, allowing for a smoother process while
applying changes in the project. Testing and retesting of the project (all phases of the project) is a continues process through the entire framework of
the project during the "sprints". Agile methodology process looks like this: Figure 1. Retried from http://www.screenmedia.co.uk/ As shown above in
Figure 1, developers can go back and revisit steps in the process. Having the ability to go back and any stage in the process if an error comes up in
sprint two that will affect sprint one' it's acceptable to go back and fix the steps. This is clearly a developmental advantage when comparted the
traditional Waterfall development model detailed in the forthcoming paragraph. Constant collaboration is a normal aspect of the Agile development
method. With constant collaboration comes constant change. Constant change is the anthem of the Agile methodology. What is Waterfall Model?
"The waterfall model is a sequential design process, used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards
(like a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Consultants
"A consultant is an independent advisor who adds value by helping managers to identify and achieve beneficial change appropriate to their situation".
International Council of Management Consulting Institutes (ICMCI) gives this definition on Management Consulting:
"The service provided to business, public and other undertakings by an independent and qualified person or persons in identifying and investigating
problems concerned with policy, organisation, procedures and methods, recommending appropriate action and helping to implement those
recommendations" In other words, they give guidance to whoever has management responsibility in specific area of activities, inside non–profit
organisations and businesses. The term consultant refers to a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is where there is no set way of performing the task, they simply do whatever they have to or feel necessary to do in order to complete the ask.
However most projects go from Laissez–faire to method. First there is supplementing, this entails the consultant simply adding to the role profile
already existing in the client business. Then there is complementing, this involves the consultant bringing along a role concentration to go along with a
weakness in the client organisation role profile. Differentiating entails the consultant aiding the client business to differentiate its management roles and
enable managers to specialise. Integrating is where the consultant aiding the client business to reorganise their management roles and construct a new
set of manager responsibilities and relationships. Lastly there is enhancing, this is where the consultant is helping the client businesses management
team to improve the effectiveness of their overall management role

Exerpose For The Statement Of Purpose In Computer Science
Statement of Purpose
With the histrionic advance in the technological world, it would be difficult to play down the significance of Computer Science in the business and
technological world today. It is against this milieu that I have realized the need to pursue further education in Computer Science at the University of
Michigan in order to realize my career objectives. After careful contemplation, it has become obvious to me that establishing a thriving career in
Computer Science demands advanced training in Computer Science and similar subjects. I chose to enroll my master's program with you because I am
a keen enthusiast of your research centres and facilities, which I consider to be critical in attaining greater academic excellence. I am ... Show more
This significant accomplishment will equip me with the direction, ingenious energy and intellectual inspiration to work on the forefront of technology
in today's hi–tech world. My long–standing goals include becoming an expert in IT, applying my knowledge and skills. To this end, I will be
perfectly equipped to find my niche in the business and technological world. As a result, I intend to contribute extensively to the human society by
enhancing the attribute of life and living standards. It is apparent from above statement that I am extremely motivated and determined to undertake
my master's program in Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Michigan. By pursuing the Computer Science Engineering master's
program, I hope to extend my vision and future expectations. This program will make it possible for me to realize the objectives I have set for
myself. I also look forward to having a prolonged career in this field, and assist a wide range of business firms to realize their dreams and remain
competitive in the business

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Extreme...
V.EXTREME PROGRAMMING
Extreme Programming or XP is lightweight, flexible, efficient and low–risk software development methodology. It is mostly used for software creation
in a very unstable environment. It gives greater flexibility in the modeling process. The main objective is to bring down the cost of software
requirements. Requirement change at a later phase can be costly in the project which is very common in the XP methodology.
Advantages of Extreme programming methodology: –
1.Customer participation is important in Extreme programming methodologies
2.Great advantage in XP model is it assists to setup reasonable plans and schedules to get the developers commitment on their schedules.
3.Developers are able to deliver quality software as it is consistent with most up to date ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
AGILE METHODOLOGY
Agile methodology is an alternative approach to traditional management, especially in software development. This method assists in responding to the
unpredictability of developing software. It uses incremental, iterative work sequences that are generally known as sprints. This methodology is used to
minimize risk by developing software in short time boxes. Figure (5) illustrating Agile methodology below.
Figure (5): Agile methodology explained
Advantages of Agile methodology: –
1.Agile methodology has an adaptive approach which is able to respond to the changing requirements of the clients.
2.Direct interaction and regular feedback from customer representative eliminate any speculation in the system.
Disadvantages of Agile Methodology: –
1.This methodology focuses on working software rather than documentation; hence it may result in lack of documentation.
2.The software development project can get diverted if the customer is unclear about the final outcome of his project.
This methodology is suitable if the environment is experiencing change that may have emerging requirements. It is also useful in high priority or
revenue producing projects.
VII.

The Theory Development Life Cycle Approach Essay
Honda is a well–known global manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles. This means that its contemporary information system is
highly–organized for collection, organization, storage, exchange, and communication of useful information. This efficient system helps support its
business operations, and decision–making. To facilitate the flow and take advantage of modern information system, a number of development
approaches and methodologies have been introduced. The waterfall approach, iterative approach, and agile approach are some examples of them.
This report contains three main parts. The first part gives an introduction of two system development approaches. The system development life cycle
approach is recommended in Honda's global information systems environment. The second part talks about two other methodologies. It then discusses
the potential deployment of structured systems analysis and design method in Honda's global context. At the end of this report, an ethical–based risk
assessment table is presented. Some discussion is elaborated based on the table.
Introduction of systems development approaches
There are quite a few systems development approaches. In this report, systems development life cycle (SDLC) and rapid application development
(RAD) have been discussed.
Both methodologies can yield productive information systems if they are applied to appropriate development projects and under the right
circumstances. Since business needs and system requirements

Agile Methodology Of Software Development
Agile methodology of Software development includes all the steps defined above but in continuous iteration cycles. Each iteration cycle is termed as a
"Sprint". Like any software project, business stakeholders initially define the business idea and business analysts work on putting an initial version of
the business requirements document. Rather than building the whole product at once, the entire application is divided into numerous working
modules. Each individual module is implemented within a sprint cycle. The modules selected for development in each sprint cycle undergo all the
steps defined in the common software development lifecycle. Before the sprint cycle begins, User Stories are developed by business team and these
user stories are handed over to the development team. A user story is a document created by the business analyst and it includes the initial requirement,
use cases, negative scenarios, test cases and exceptions. In the beginning of each sprint cycle, these user stories are presented to the developers for
effort estimation. Once the effort estimation is finalized the scrum master takes the responsibility of handing over the user stories to developers in the
team in the form of tickets. A user story can be broken down into multiple tickets. There are many applications like JIRA, HPQC, Rally etc., that help
the management team in ticket assignment process, sprint planning and progress tracking. The role of a developer is to work on those individual

Disadvantages Of Integrated Model
Abstract–The integrated model is a new model that is recently developed to decrease from the classical approach weaknesses and problems in building
the management information systems (MIS's) that are used to solve the management problems in the practical life. The use of this integrated model
needs to be tested, to prove how efficiently and successfully the model works. To achieving this objective, this paper uses the mathematical probability
theories to implement an internal test of the integrated model work before using it in the practical life. The paper uses the qualitative research method
in its methodologies.
Keywords–Integrated Model; Management Information System; MIS, Classical Approach; Information System Life Cycle; ISLC, Simple ... Show more
Here the system will be programmed and operated [2],[3].
5– Test and Maintenance Stage: it is the fifth (final) stage in the information system life cycle. Here, the system will be tested to verify whether it
includes errors or if it needs improvements to be better and effective in achieving the users' requirements [2],[3].
1.b What is the drawback of the classical approach
The information system life cycle of the classical approach (ISLC) consists of five main stages that are: planning, analysis, design, implementation,
and maintenance or test stages. The classical approach uses these stages in its work in building the management information systems that will be used
to solve the management problems. The weakness and problem of the classical approach arises from the permanent use of all of these five stages in
all cases; because there are many cases that actually need to use some of these stages but not to all of them, and as a result the classical approach
suffers from the weakness and problem in consuming more time and additional cost when it is used to build the management information systems
(MIS's) in order to solve the management problems

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