Air pollution refers to toxic substances in the atmosphere generated by human and natural activities that can harm humans and the environment. There are two main types of air pollution: primary pollutants that enter directly from sources like vehicle exhaust and biomass burning, and secondary pollutants that are formed through chemical reactions, including ozone and photochemical smog. Major sources include the combustion of fossil fuels for energy and transportation, industrial processes, agriculture, and natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. Air pollution damages plant leaves, slows plant growth, and makes plants more susceptible to insects.

1. AIR POLLUTION
Presented by :- Prajapati Jinal V.
Roll No :- 217
CBO :- 405
M.Sc Sem :- 2
Department of life sciences ,
H.N.G.U., Patan

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Types of Air Pollution
• Sources of Air Pollution
• Effects on plant

3. INTRODUCTION
• Air Pollution refers to the condition in which the existence
of toxic substance in the Atmosphere .
• Generated by various human activities and natural
phenomena such as volcanic eruptions , result in damaging
effects on the welfare of human beings and the living
environment .

4. Types of Air Pollution
1 . Primary Air Pollution :-
• Primary pollutants which enter the atmosphere directly .
• Most primary pollutants are the result of human activities .
 Primary pollutants include :
• Carbon oxides include co and co2. co is toxic to both plants
and animals , co and co2 are both greenhouse gases .

5. • Nitrogen oxides occurs in hot exhaust gas from vehicles ,
power plants or factories . Nitrogen oxides contribute to acid
rain .
• Sulfur oxides include so2 and so3 . These from when sulfur
from burning coal reaches the air .
• Solid particles such as ash ,dust and fecal matter are commonly
formed from combustion of fossil fuels and can produce smog .

6. 2 . Secondary pollutants :-
• Secondary pollutants which form a chemical reaction .
• NO, Ozone and several other compounds are some of the
components of this type of air pollution .
• Photochemical smog forms when car exhaust is exposed to
sunlight .
• NO is created by gas combustion in cars and then into the air .

7. Sources of Air Pollution
1 . Natural Sources :-
• Dust blowing during storm .
• Smoke and carbon dioxide generated from fire in forests .
• Methane gas emitted from decomposition substance in swamps
• Bacteria and viruses generated from wastes , etc.
• Cosmic dust generated due to collision of comets , asteroids and
meteors .

9. 2 . Human sources :-
• Human are responsible for polluting the air through fossil fuels
, agricultural activities , gases and smoke emanating from
industries and vehicles .
• Air pollution is mainly caused by combustion of fossil fuels
such as petroleum substances , coal ,wood , dry grass burning
and construction activities .

11. Effects on plant
• Air pollution not only contributes to respiratory diseases in
human and damage the leaves of plants .
 Leaf damage :-
• Chemicals such as sulfur dioxide ,Ozone ,fluorides and
peroxyacyal nitrate damage the leaves of plants .
• Ozone damage on leaves appears as mottled spot , which may
be yellow ,black or brown .

12.  Slowed growth :-
• A by product of combustion from car engines or open fires can
slow the growth of plants .
• Some evergreens will drop their leaves completely when
exposed to carbon monoxide .
 Insect infestation :-
• Air pollution weakens plants and makes them more susceptible
to insect infestation .

14. REFRENCES
• Essentials of plant taxonomy & Ecology :
by – M.P.Singh
S.G. Abbas
 https://en.m.Wikipedia.org

15. THANK YOU