Artificial Intelligence topic mycin and dendral ppt

1. STUDY OF MYCIN
AND DENDRAL
PRESENTED BY: SMARANDEEP SINGH KAPOOR(2K21CSUN01145)
MOHIT KUMAR(2K21CSUN01130)
MILAN PAL(2K21CSUN01129)

2. MYCIN
• MYCIN is an early expert system, or artificial intelligence program, for treating
bacteria causing several infections.
• MYCIN would attempt to diagnose patients based on reported symptoms and
medical test results and recommended antibiotics with the dosage adjusted for
patient’s body weight.
• In 1972 work began on MYCIN at Stanford University in California.
• Using about 500 production rules, MYCIN operated at roughly the same level of
competence as human specialists in blood infections and rather better than
general practitioners.

3. COMPONENTS OF MYCIN

4. COMPONENTS OF MYCIN
• KNOWLEDGE BASE:
facts and knowledge about the domain.
• DYNAMIC PATIENT DATABASE:
information about particular case.
• CONSULTATION PROGRAM:
asks questions, gives advice on a particular case.
• EXPLAINATION PROGRAM:
answers questions and justifies advice.
• KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION PROGRAM:
adds new rules and changes existing rules.

5. IS MYCIN USED TODAY?
MYCIN has never been used in clinical practice due to
following reasons:
• Expense of computing power required at the time.
• The amount of time and typing required for a session.
• Incompleteness of the knowledge base.

6. DENDRAL
• DENDRAL was one of the earliest and most significant applications of artificial
intelligence (AI) in chemistry.
• It was developed in the 1960s at Stanford University, and its purpose was to
create the molecular structure of organic compounds from mass spectrometry
data.
• It used a combination of symbolic reasoning, pattern recognition, and heuristic
algorithms to make deductions about the molecular structures.
• It was highly successful in its intended task and was able to generate accurate
molecular structures for a wide variety of organic compounds.

7. • The success of DENDRAL demonstrated the potential of AI in chemistry and paved the
way for the development of other expert systems in various scientific fields.
• DENDRAL also had a significant impact on the development of machine learning, which
is a subset of AI that involves the use of statistical algorithms to improve the performance
of computer programs.
• The software program Dendral is considered the first expert system because it automated
the decision-making process and problem-solving behavior of organic chemists.
• Many systems were derived from Dendral including Mycin.
• The project consisted of research on two main programs Heuristic Dendral and Meta-
Dendral, and several sub-programs.

8. PARTS OF DENDRAL
There are 2 parts of Dendral:
• Heuristic Dendral
• Meta Dendral

9. HEURISTIC DENDRAL
• Heuristic Dendral is a program that uses mass spectra or other experimental
data together with knowledge base of chemistry to produce a set of possible
chemical structures that may be responsible for producing data.
• A mass spectrum of a compound is produced by a mass spectrometer, and is
used to determine it’s molecular weight.

10. META DENDRAL
• Meta Dendral is a machine learning system that receives the set of possible
chemical structures and corresponding mass spectra as input, and proposes a
set of rules of mass spectrometry that correlate structural features with
processes that produce the mass spectrum.

11. THANK YOU