5. Tundra
Location: northern North America, northern Europe, northern Asia
Monday, March 25, 13
6. Tundra
Location: northern North America, northern Europe, northern Asia
Climate: Cold, ground stays covered in snow, permafrost – permanent
frozen layer of ground, scarce rainfall, very short summer
Monday, March 25, 13
7. Tundra
Location: northern North America, northern Europe, northern Asia
Climate: Cold, ground stays covered in snow, permafrost – permanent
frozen layer of ground, scarce rainfall, very short summer
Plants: mosses, lichens, small plants that do need a lot of water
Monday, March 25, 13
8. Tundra
Location: northern North America, northern Europe, northern Asia
Climate: Cold, ground stays covered in snow, permafrost – permanent
frozen layer of ground, scarce rainfall, very short summer
Plants: mosses, lichens, small plants that do need a lot of water
Animals: caribou, migrating birds (come for the short summer)
Monday, March 25, 13
19. Tundra Plant Adaptations
•Growing close to the ground
•Having shallow roots to absorb the limited
water resources.
Monday, March 25, 13
20. Tundra Plant Adaptations
•Growing close to the ground
•Having shallow roots to absorb the limited
water resources.
•Trees grow less than 1 m high!
Monday, March 25, 13
28. Taiga
Location: Canada, Washington (State), Russia, China- Found only in Northern
Hemisphere
Monday, March 25, 13
29. Taiga
Location: Canada, Washington (State), Russia, China- Found only in Northern
Hemisphere
Climate: long cold Winters, short Summers, frequent Rain
Monday, March 25, 13
30. Taiga
Location: Canada, Washington (State), Russia, China- Found only in Northern
Hemisphere
Climate: long cold Winters, short Summers, frequent Rain
Plants: Evergreens (think Christmas Trees), Pines, Spruces, Cedars
Monday, March 25, 13
31. Taiga
Location: Canada, Washington (State), Russia, China- Found only in Northern
Hemisphere
Climate: long cold Winters, short Summers, frequent Rain
Plants: Evergreens (think Christmas Trees), Pines, Spruces, Cedars
Animals: Moose, Bear, Lynx, Hibernating Animals, Migrating Animals
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33. Abiotic factors
Winters are long and cold
Averages 100 in/yr precipitation—
mostly snow
Soil poor in nutrients and very acidic
Growing season is very short
Monday, March 25, 13
34. Plant
Animal
adaptations
Adaptations
Adapt for cold winters
Burrow, hibernate, warm coat,
insulation, etc.
Monday, March 25, 13
35. Plant
Animal
adaptations
Adaptations
Adapt for cold winters
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees Burrow, hibernate, warm coat,
are abundant insulation, etc.
Monday, March 25, 13
36. Plant
Animal
adaptations
Adaptations
Adapt for cold winters
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees Burrow, hibernate, warm coat,
are abundant insulation, etc.
Roots long to anchor trees
Monday, March 25, 13
37. Plant
Animal
adaptations
Adaptations
Adapt for cold winters
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees Burrow, hibernate, warm coat,
are abundant insulation, etc.
Roots long to anchor trees
Needles long, thin and waxy
Monday, March 25, 13
38. Plant
Animal
adaptations
Adaptations
Adapt for cold winters
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees Burrow, hibernate, warm coat,
are abundant insulation, etc.
Roots long to anchor trees
Needles long, thin and waxy
Low sunlight and poor soil keeps
plants from growing on forest
Monday, March 25, 13
40. Tropical Rain Forest
Location: near the Equator, Africa, & South America
Monday, March 25, 13
41. Tropical Rain Forest
Location: near the Equator, Africa, & South America
Climate: Hot and Humid, rains everyday
Monday, March 25, 13
42. Tropical Rain Forest
Location: near the Equator, Africa, & South America
Climate: Hot and Humid, rains everyday
Plants: Jungle (think Tarzan), very tall trees, thick vegetation on the ground,
dense canopy
Monday, March 25, 13
43. Tropical Rain Forest
Location: near the Equator, Africa, & South America
Climate: Hot and Humid, rains everyday
Plants: Jungle (think Tarzan), very tall trees, thick vegetation on the ground,
dense canopy
Animals: parrots, Apes, Toucans, Monkeys, Leopards, other predatory Cats,
Snakes
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44. Earth's most
complex land
biome
Monday, March 25, 13
45. Abiotic factors
Earth's most
complex land
biome
Monday, March 25, 13
46. Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
Earth's most
complex land
biome
Monday, March 25, 13
47. Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
Earth's most
complex land
biome
Monday, March 25, 13
48. Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
ideal for bacteria and other microorganisms; they
quickly decompose matter on the forest floor allowing
nutrients to be recycled.
Earth's most
complex land
biome
Monday, March 25, 13
49. Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
ideal for bacteria and other microorganisms; they
quickly decompose matter on the forest floor allowing
nutrients to be recycled.
<1 cm of topsoil
Earth's most
complex land
biome
Monday, March 25, 13
50. Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
ideal for bacteria and other microorganisms; they
quickly decompose matter on the forest floor allowing
nutrients to be recycled.
<1 cm of topsoil
About 100 in/yr of rainfall
Earth's most
complex land
biome
Monday, March 25, 13
53. Plant adaptations
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Monday, March 25, 13
54. Plant adaptations
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Monday, March 25, 13
55. Plant adaptations
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy
receives most light)
Monday, March 25, 13
56. Plant adaptations
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy
receives most light)
Monday, March 25, 13
57. Plant adaptations
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy
receives most light)
Shallow, wide roots since soil is so
thin and poor in nutrients
Monday, March 25, 13
58. Plant adaptations
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy
receives most light)
Shallow, wide roots since soil is so
thin and poor in nutrients
Monday, March 25, 13
59. Plant adaptations
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy
receives most light)
Shallow, wide roots since soil is so
thin and poor in nutrients
Little sun reaches the floor
Monday, March 25, 13
61. Animal
Adaptations
Many animals are specialists
and require special habitat
components to survive
Camouflage is common
Many symbiotic relationships
Live in different levels of
canopy
Monday, March 25, 13
63. Deciduous Forest
Location: eastern United States (think about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
Monday, March 25, 13
64. Deciduous Forest
Location: eastern United States (think about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
Climate: hot Summers, cold Winters, Rainfall throughout the year
Monday, March 25, 13
65. Deciduous Forest
Location: eastern United States (think about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
Climate: hot Summers, cold Winters, Rainfall throughout the year
Plants: Trees that lose their leaves, Maples, Oaks, Hickories, Sycamores, Willows
Monday, March 25, 13
66. Deciduous Forest
Location: eastern United States (think about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
Climate: hot Summers, cold Winters, Rainfall throughout the year
Plants: Trees that lose their leaves, Maples, Oaks, Hickories, Sycamores, Willows
Animals: Bears, Foxes, Raccoons, Deer, Squirrels, Birds
Monday, March 25, 13
68. Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Characterized by an abundance
of deciduous (leaf bearing)
trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in
nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all
forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
69. Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Characterized by an abundance Deciduous forests grow in layers
of deciduous (leaf bearing)
trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in
nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all
forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
70. Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Characterized by an abundance Deciduous forests grow in layers
of deciduous (leaf bearing)
trees More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a
rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling
Characterized by 4 seasons plants.
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in
nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all
forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
71. Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Characterized by an abundance Deciduous forests grow in layers
of deciduous (leaf bearing)
trees More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a
rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling
Characterized by 4 seasons plants.
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the
nutrients coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all
forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
72. Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Characterized by an abundance Deciduous forests grow in layers
of deciduous (leaf bearing)
trees More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a
rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling
Characterized by 4 seasons plants.
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the
nutrients coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all
forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.) Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in
winter
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
73. Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Characterized by an abundance Deciduous forests grow in layers
of deciduous (leaf bearing)
trees More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a
rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling
Characterized by 4 seasons plants.
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the
nutrients coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all
forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.) Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in
winter
Animal Adaptations
Lose Winter Coat
Monday, March 25, 13
74. Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Characterized by an abundance Deciduous forests grow in layers
of deciduous (leaf bearing)
trees More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a
rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling
Characterized by 4 seasons plants.
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the
nutrients coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all
forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.) Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in
winter
Animal Adaptations
Lose Winter Coat
Adapt to many seasons
Monday, March 25, 13
75. Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Characterized by an abundance Deciduous forests grow in layers
of deciduous (leaf bearing)
trees More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a
rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling
Characterized by 4 seasons plants.
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the
nutrients coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all
forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.) Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in
winter
Animal Adaptations
Lose Winter Coat
Adapt to many seasons
Eat from different layers of the forest
Monday, March 25, 13
76. Desert
Climate: Hot in the day and cold at night,
little rainfall
Location: Africa, Middle East, parts of North
America
Monday, March 25, 13
77. Desert
Climate: Hot in the day and cold at night,
little rainfall
Plants: Succulent Plants (retain water in the
leaves), Cacti, and small Shrubs
Location: Africa, Middle East, parts of North
America
Monday, March 25, 13
78. Desert
Climate: Hot in the day and cold at night,
little rainfall
Plants: Succulent Plants (retain water in the
leaves), Cacti, and small Shrubs
Animals: Lizards, Snakes, small Rodents, other
Rodents
Location: Africa, Middle East, parts of North
America
Abiotic factors
<10 in/yr of rain
Little to no topsoil due to high winds.
Minerals not deep in soil.
Too dry for decay
Monday, March 25, 13
90. Desert Animal Adaptations:
• Get water from food
• Thick outer coat
• Burrow during day
Monday, March 25, 13
91. Desert Animal Adaptations:
• Get water from food
• Thick outer coat
• Burrow during day
• Large ears
Monday, March 25, 13
92. Desert Animal Adaptations:
• Get water from food
• Thick outer coat
• Burrow during day
• Large ears
• Smaller animals = less surface area
Monday, March 25, 13
96. Estuaries
• Streams and rivers merge with ocean water in areas known as estuaries.
• Estuary organisms experience changes in salt concentration and temperature as
the fresh water and salt water mix.
• Estuaries serve as breeding grounds for many invertebrate and fish species, and
as nesting and feeding areas for a great diversity of birds.
• Along most of the east coast of the United States, the major ecosystems found in
estuaries are salt marshes.
• In tropical areas, the typical estuary ecosystems are mangrove swamps.
• These swamps are dominated by mangrove trees, which are anchored by tangled
networks of arching roots.
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97. Intertidal Zone
• The area of shore between the high-tide and low-tide lines.
• Pounded by waves during high tide and exposed to the sun and drying winds
during low tide, benthic organisms in this zone must be well-adapted to
survive these harsh conditions
Monday, March 25, 13
98. Near Shore Zone
• The area of the ocean from the low-tide line out to the edge of the
continental shelf.
• Since the ocean here is fairly shallow, some sunlight reaches the
bottom in most of the zone.
• As a result, many organisms that require light for photosynthesis can
live in this zone, including seaweeds and phytoplankton.
Monday, March 25, 13
99. Open-Ocean Zone
• The vast open ocean from the edge of the continental shelf outward.
• Phytoplankton drifting near the surface are the major producers in this
zone.
• Microscopic animals called zooplankton also inhabit this area and in turn
are a source of food for other animals.
Monday, March 25, 13
100. Deforestation
The removal of large
amounts of trees for
the resources those
trees or land
provide
Monday, March 25, 13
101. Reclamation
The planting of new vegetation on land
that has been previously harvested or
used.
Monday, March 25, 13
102. Strip Mining
The removing of earth's resources by
removing layer by layer, this destroys the
land and makes it impossible to replant.
Monday, March 25, 13
