4. Use α=.01, and n=100Determine the Chi-Square value, and come to the appropriate conclusion concerning this goodness of fit procedure. *From the Table of Random Numbers…all have a probability of 1/10 “numbers from 0-9” Number Observed Expected 0 5 10 25 2.5 1 15 10 25 2.5 2 10 10 0 0 3 8 10 4 0.4 4 12 10 4 0.4 5 15 10 25 2.5 6 5 10 25 2.5 7 10 10 0 0 8 10 10 0 0 9 10 10 0 0 Total 100 100 108 10.8 5. Construct a confidence interval for σ2 using the following values of the variable, X. You may assume that the variable itself is normally distributed. X 30 32 28 25 31 34 30 20 40 A. let alpha be .01, and construct the confidence interval. B. Now let alpha be .10, and again construct the confidence interval. C. Why did we have to assume that the variable itself was normally distributed? 1 310 week 5 Response: Response needed to each Post! I have listed an example of a “response” in RED. There are four “post” total that need responses. · Post: Lisa Kaufman posted Nov 17, 2015 1:21 PM The Medical Device Safety Act (MDSA) I found this “ACT/LAW” very much and advocate for the patient….The Medical Device Safety Act (MDSA) was implemented in 2009. This law will restore patients’ ability to hold medical device manufacturers accountable for injuries caused by defective medical devices. Medical devices range from catheters, implantable defibrillators, pacemaker wires and artificial heart valves. “Although, the bill replies to a 2008 Supreme Court decision, Riegel v. Medtronic.” That case held that a medical device manufacturer usually cannot be sued by injured patients if the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the device for marketing through its premarket approval (PMA) process. This bill has two important goals;                ▪Improved Recall Processes: This bill has implantation to have the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to improve the handling on the FDA’s recall of defective devices. The GAO will require the FDA to assess and revaluate each device that falls under the unsafe device and expedite the recalls once the “problem” is discovered. ▪ Enhance Post-Market Surveillance Tools: “This legislation would improve FDA’s ability to conduct post-market surveillance for 510(k) cleared devices by allowing FDA to require the collection of post-market data as a condition of approval.” “The authority would mirror the post-market studies that can be required as a condition of a Pre-Market Approval (PMA) for highest risk devices. Under this legislation, the FDA could require conditions of clearance for 510(k) cleared devices that may have safety concerns. If FDA found a device substantially equivalent to a predicate for a higher-risk device, FDA could clear the device for market through 510(k) but require companies to conduct clinical studies and collect and report more complete data”. Background FDA’s oversight of medical devices has landed the agency on GAO’s “high-risk list”.2 GAO cites its concerns about FDA’s post-ma.

1. 4. Use α=.01, and n=100Determine the Chi-Square value, and
come to the appropriate conclusion concerning this goodness of
fit procedure.
*From the Table of Random Numbers…all have a probability of
1/10 “numbers from 0-9”
Number
Observed
Expected
0
5
10
25
2.5
1
15
10
25
2.5
2
10
10
0
0
3
8
10
4
0.4
4
12
10
4

2. 0.4
5
15
10
25
2.5
6
5
10
25
2.5
7
10
10
0
0
8
10
10
0
0
9
10
10
0
0
Total
100
100
108
10.8
5. Construct a confidence interval for σ2 using the following
values of the variable, X. You may assume that the variable
itself is normally distributed.
X

3. 30
32
28
25
31
34
30
20
40
A. let alpha be .01, and construct the confidence interval.
B. Now let alpha be .10, and again construct the confidence
interval.
C. Why did we have to assume that the variable itself was
normally distributed?
1
310 week 5 Response:
Response needed to each Post! I have listed an example of a
“response” in RED. There are four “post” total that need
responses.
· Post: Lisa Kaufman posted Nov 17, 2015 1:21 PM
The Medical Device Safety Act (MDSA)
I found this “ACT/LAW” very much and advocate for the
patient….The Medical Device Safety Act (MDSA) was
implemented in 2009. This law will restore patients’ ability to
hold medical device manufacturers accountable for injuries
caused by defective medical devices. Medical devices range
from catheters, implantable defibrillators, pacemaker wires and
artificial heart valves.
“Although, the bill replies to a 2008 Supreme Court decision,
Riegel v. Medtronic.” That case held that a medical device
manufacturer usually cannot be sued by injured patients if the

4. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the device for
marketing through its premarket approval (PMA) process.
This bill has two important goals;
▪Improved Recall Processes: This bill has
implantation to have the Government Accountability Office
(GAO) to improve the handling on the FDA’s recall of defective
devices. The GAO will require the FDA to assess and revaluate
each device that falls under the unsafe device and expedite the
recalls once the “problem” is discovered.
▪ Enhance Post-Market Surveillance Tools: “This legislation
would improve FDA’s ability to conduct post-market
surveillance for 510(k) cleared devices by allowing FDA to
require the collection of post-market data as a condition of
approval.” “The authority would mirror the post-market studies
that can be required as a condition of a Pre-Market Approval
(PMA) for highest risk devices. Under this legislation, the FDA
could require conditions of clearance for 510(k) cleared devices
that may have safety concerns. If FDA found a device
substantially equivalent to a predicate for a higher-risk device,
FDA could clear the device for market through 510(k) but
require companies to conduct clinical studies and collect and
report more complete data”.
Background
FDA’s oversight of medical devices has landed the agency on
GAO’s “high-risk list”.2 GAO cites its concerns about FDA’s
post-market surveillance of medical devices as a key reason for
being on this list.
http://www.citizen.org/documents/Pass_MDSA.pdf
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/def

5. ault.htm
Example of “response”:
Stacey Samuels
Hi Lisa,
The Medical Device Safety Act is very important especially
when dealing with patient who have cardiovascular disease. The
Medical Device improves the patients outcome, also has to be
effective and safe for all patients. I read that Medtronic held
that a patient injured by a poorly designed and labeled medical
device (in this case, a heart catheter that exploded and killed the
patient) could not sue the device maker.
Post:
· Alex Larson posted Nov 16, 2015 1:41 PM
All,
The law I found interesting was the American College of
Surgeons (ACS) statement of practice. This law was brought
into effect in hopes of protecting patients when going against
the knife. It is estimated that there are roughly 100,000 injuries
from surgical errors every year in the United States Healthcare
system. The law requires that only physicians that have the
appropriate credentials for certain procedures are performing
them. Physicians must keep their credentials up to date by
completing continuing education and staying proficient in their
specialty. Along with this, it allows patients the right to know
exactly what their physician is qualified for and the limits
attributed to their training.
An interesting case in which this could have helped prevent a
death is that of Julie Ribenzer. Julie was undergoing breast
augmentation and died when she was given four times the
amount of anesthesia that was needed. After further
investigation, it was noted that her surgeon was not qualified to

6. perform the operation and the individual who administered her
anesthesia has no certified medical training.
REFERENCES:
(n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from
http://www.hg.org/surgical-errors-law.html
Scope of Practice. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from
https://www.facs.org/advocacy/federal/scope
Post:
· Faneshia Walton posted Nov 18, 2015 6:24 PM
Subscribed Subscribe
There is no such thing as minor surgery. A surgical error is a
preventable mistake during surgery. Although some surgical
errors are the direct result of a physician's incompetence, most
result from poor preoperative planning or inadequate procedures
or work processes. However, all surgeries involve an element of
risk. For that reason, it is typical to sign a form before
undergoing surgery that states you understand surgery involves
certain known risks. This is called “informed consent” Surgical
errors go beyond the known risks of surgery. Surgical errors are
unexpected.
Surgical Errors Law refers to a subset of Medical Malpractice
related to injuries resulting during surgical procedures. The area
focuses largely on surgeons failing to give adequate information
to the patient or the patient's family to allow for informed
consent, performing unnecessary procedures due to negligence
or pecuniary interests, performing procedures for which the
surgeon is not qualified, performing a procedure on the wrong
patient or wrong body part, or other mistakes made during
surgery.
References:
http://www.hg.org/surgical-errors-law.html
Post:
· Allen Beach posted Nov 18, 2015 1:26 PM

7. One of the many standards and policies I have personally
encountered while working in health care, is the "Do Not Use
List" of abbreviations. This list is utilized by many
organizations but is a primary concern for Joint Commission, a
non-profit organization providing certification and accreditation
to health care facilities. This list is comprised of commonly
used abbreviations that pose a potential risk to patients and
medical staff alike. Abbreviations such as MS are barred from
use as they could be read as either morphine sulfate or
magnesium sulfate. Another item found on the list is trailing or
leading "0's" in decimals as the decimal can often be missed,
turning 1.0mg into 10mg (JC, 2015).
JC. 18Nov2015. Facts about the Official “Do Not Use” List of
Abbreviations. Joint Commision.
http://www.jointcommission.org/topics/patient_safety.aspx
305 week 5 response needed:
*A 4-6 sentence (paragraph) reponse is needed for each
discussion(POST), may include reference: I have listed a
example of a ” response” in the color RED.
Post: Jessica Gentry posted Nov 19, 2015 10:57 PM
Look around the room you are in right now. How many
technology devices do you have? I know in my room I have a
computer, an iPad, my iPhone always with me, I am using WIFI,
and have a television. Our everyday lives depend on so much
technology. It would be hard for us to function without the
technology we rely on. These new technology changes are
happening in our everyday lives and in all of the business fields

8. too, especially healthcare. Huge technology developments and
improvements over the past few years have caused incredible
changes in the healthcare field. Here are 6 ways Technology has
changed healthcare for the better listed below:
1. Data consumption- data is very important in the healthcare
field. The facility will have diagnostic reports to analyze and
filing patient treatment histories, and so much more that require
a lot of information to hold.
2. Improved Communication- there is better communication
between patient and doctor.
3. Portal technology- medical providers are able to provide
better visibility to patients. Patients can now have access to
their information remotely.
4. Remote Monitoring- Using a small device designed to
measure a particular health issue, remote centers can analyze a
patient's data and alert them if something's wrong. This is a
great device for patients who have a pacemaker.
5. Accelerated experimentation- vaccination research efforts
increased
6.Mobile apps- a person can now track your daily sleep
patterns, count calories, research treatment options, and even
monitor your heart rate.
**Now I want to show you some ways technology is going to
change for a specific healthcare field- Nurses**
There will be three skill sets nurses will need to develop to
acquire, use, and integrate these emerging technologies.
1. Being able to use technology to facilitate mobility,
communication, and relationships.
Examples: email, telehealth and telemedicine, internet, cellular
technology, text messaging, video conferencing, 3-dimensional
printing, social media
2. Having expertise in knowledge information, acquisition, and
distribution
Examples: information literacy, evidence-based practice,
clinical decision support, standardized guidelines
3. Understanding and using genomics in nursing

9. Examples: Understanding the Human Genome Project, genetic
sequencing
In any healthcare field, the technology is going to be improved
and the employees are going to have to learn how to use it. I
believe that this will make the healthcare system better and less
time consuming for patients. Time will definitely tell with all of
the new changes.
RESOURCES: http://www.healthtechzone.com/topics/healthcare
/articles/2014/09/26/389918-6-ways-technology-has-changed-
healthcare-the-better.htm
http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/
ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-18-2013/No2-May-
2013/Impact-of-Emerging-Technology.html
Response:
· HI Jessica,
Of course I agree that technology is consuming the lives and
direction of many aspects of our lives and organizations that we
come into contact with. Change is usually a difficult aspect of
anyone's lives, and with it come many positives and negatives.
However, I feel that information technology within healthcare
brings more positives than negatives.
A patient having access to their medical care team
electronically is a huge change but the benefits are great!
However, one thing that comes along with that is the fact that
interactions become less personal and that is a downside. I think
that you made some great points about the potential for full use
of technology in the future in the healthcare setting. I can only
imagine how video conferencing would positively affect patient
care and optimize patient hand-off. I'm sure as we have to take
the bitter with the sweet, there will be a downside to this, in
addition to the less personal relationships. However, as services
are optimized it may very well fit in quite well and maximize
availability and hopefully quality of care.
Great post,
Jillette

10. Post:
· Ana Joachin posted Nov 20, 2015 10:25 PM
Subscribed Subscribe
We have recently implemented RelayHealth. This allows
securely and conveniently exchange of information between
patients, providers, pharmacies, etc. RelayHealth improves care,
provides faster access, and lower costs. The healthcare is
constantly changing and evolving. We can only change and
evolve with it. Personnaly, I think RelayHealth allows faster
access but will allow less face-to-face engagement between the
provider and patient . Another thing that is concerning is
physicians initially learning how to use the computer system
and the changes related to physicians integrating computer use
into their clinical workflow. I don't know about any of you all,
but up until recently, I really wasnt a fan of change.
Now with the implementation of EHRs, my job as a patient
administrator has become easier. At first, it was a little chaotic
with all of the new changes and regulations, but after we got
over that hump, it's been easy sailing.
Post:
· Timothy Simms posted Nov 19, 2015 8:32 PM
After reading and looking over the youtube videos I've come to
the conclusion that technology is taking over not only in the
healthcare field but in other professions as well. I think that
with the major changes that may occur with technology a lot of
the nurses and doctors will have to be dual qualified. Not only
will they have to do medical certification but they will more
than likely have to hold some type of lower level IT
certification as well. With the innovation of technology a lot of
the nurses jobs may become easier. What I mean by this is
instead of having to use all of the old school equipment like a
thermometer to a clients temperature I'm sure someone will
design a computerized piece of equipment that will be able to
scan across the patients forehead to read their temperature. Also

11. their may be some type of equipment designed to do the same to
check other vitals as well, similar to the piece of equipment
shown in the video that scanned the plant and was able to tell
you the type of plant.
References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJD9dZ6Ep9g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SKJIcHOAyU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNypFfPYWWs
Post:
Yvonne Tubene posted Nov 19, 2015 8:04 PM
Technology has become invisible because it is incorporated in
our daily life and its usage is almost a second nature for most
people around most industrialize countries and specifically the
US. Healthcare setting is becoming highly computerized
recently, and moving forward the influx of the healthcare
information technology will cover every area of delivery of
healthcare. For instance, presentation in the lecture reveals a
systematic change due to technology in the healthcare. Many
aspects of innovation in information Technology would be
highly incorporated in the healthcare setting. A process of paper
and pencil would be almost not seen in the future health
vision. There would be less human interaction between the
provider practitioners at the point of delivery of healthcare.
Also, a video presentation on “future health vision” show a
significant incorporation of Health IT in each step of patients’
life as related to their management of health. Future trend and
aspects of the healthcare system will enable patients to take
good control of chronic condition such as Diabetes and
hypertension, the new model of healthcare will reflect a concept
that exceeds the classical term “satisfaction” with regard to
accessibility to healthcare. Also, management of chronic
condition such as Diabetes with a computerized medication
reminder system for a patient and self-check in a clinic for
blood work monitor of A1C are just few examples. Literature
indicates, such model of healthcare would improve treatment
adherence because they generate confidence and positively

12. impact the course of a disease or condition. Practitioner would
have live interaction with clinical researcher based on the area
of interest.
Definitely, it would be imperative for any healthcare provider to
have strong computer skills and good understanding of health IT
in general.
References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNypFfPYWWs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SKJIcHOAyU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJD9dZ6Ep9g
Reig, J., Valverde, J. A., & Reig, M. (2015). Great
opportunities ahead! Don't miss the boat!
Where tech meets health care.. EWMA Journal, 15(1),
42-45 4p