Punctuation

2. Colons
A colon has three main functions. It follows a main/independent clause and
precedes (goes before):
a list
before a clause to explain a previous statement
a quotation.

3. 1.
• A colon is used to introduce a list.
Examples:
Teachers expect you to bring basic supplies to class: a pencil case with pens
and pencils, a folder with paper and the textbook.
I received some great gifts for my birthday: a watch, sunglasses, clothes and
a bike.

4. 2.
• A colon is used before a clause to explain a previous statement. The
first part of the sentences will be an independent clause (it can stand
alone as a sentence) and the clause following the colon adds additional
or more specific information. This will usually be a dependent clause
(it could not be a sentence on its own).
Example:
That book is highly recommended: the characters are well-developed, the
themes are important and the plot is engaging.

5. 3.
• A colon is sometimes used before a quotation. Use a colon if the
quotation has been formally introduced, if you are quoting a full
sentence, or if the quotation is longer than one sentence.
Example:
Kim Kardashian said: ‘People don’t understand the pressure on me to look
perfect.’