2. TOPICS
Module-1 Introduction of Communication and Wireless Concepts
History of Communication
Telecommunication Basics
Frequency, Range of Wireless Frequency
Channel Concept
Multiple Access Concepts and its types
Module-2 Cellular Generation Wireless Concepts
1st Generation of Cellular Communication (AMPS, TACS)
2nd
Generation of TDMA , GSM
3rd
Generation WCDMA
4th
Generation LTE
Module-3 GSM Architecture
MS
BSS
NSS
Interfaces, Protocols
4. TOPICS
Module-8 Call paths
Postpaid to Paid calls
Postpaid to Prepaid calls
Operator to Operator Calls
Mobile to PTCL calls
Module-9 Mobile Packet Backbone Network
OSI layer
IP Fundamentals
IP Routing , Protocols
MPLS Requirement in Telecom
Module-10 GSM Evolution Path
GSM Towards LTE
LTE Architecture
S-GWS, MME, eNode
5. Wireless Access Evolution
New ServicesNew Services
EfficiencyEfficiency
More DataMore Data
ServicesServices
requiredrequired
Broadband
Subscribers
Voice
CoverageCoverage
MobilityMobility
Voice QualityVoice Quality
PortabilityPortability
CapacityCapacity
Data ServiceData Service
BroadbandBroadband
NetworkNetwork
SimplificationSimplification
Cost ofCost of
OwnershipOwnership
6. Secrete of Upgrade
Maximize
Utilization Spectrum Efficiency FDMA/TDMA/CDMA/OFDMA
Power Efficiency----------------Battery
Minimize
Complexity------- System should be Simple,
Cost--------- It should be minimize , as per customer needs
7. GSM Architecture Overview
Main components of GSM
The mobile station (MS)
BSS Base Station Subsystem (BTS+BSC)
MSS Mobile Station Subsystem (MSC/HLR, ..)
BSCBTS MSC
8. Network Overview
BTS
BSC
MSC
VLR HLR AuC EIR
PSTN, ISDN...
OMCOMC
NMC
X.25 links
GSMinterfaces
Voicemail Server
SM-SC
MS (Mobile Station)
BSS (Base Station System)
NSS (Network Switching
Subsystem)
OMM(Operations & Maintenance
Management)
MS
RAN department
RF department
NSS department
Transmission department
16. Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless
Broadband Requirements
802.11n
(smart antennas)
802.11
Mesh extns.
LocalArea
Fixed
WideArea
Mobile
Coverage/Mobility
MetroArea
Nomadic
802.16
(Fixed LOS)
802.16a/d
(Fixed NLOS)
802.11b/a/g
Mobile Industry
Fixed Wireless Industry
4G Air Interfaces
Data Rates (kbps)
100,000 +
GSM UMTS HSPAGPRS EDGE LTE 3GPP
MOBILE
BROADBAND
DSL ExperienceDial Up
Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit
802.16e
(Mobile WIMAX)
Fibre Experience
20. MS Mobile Station = phone + SIM card
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller
HLR Home Location Register
MSC Mobile services Switching Centre
VLR Visitor Location Register
AUC Authentication Centre
Stand-alone or integrated in HLR
EIR Equipment Identity Register
For blacklisting stolen and unwanted
equipment
SMSC Short Message Service ”Support”
Centre
VMS Voice Messaging System
PrePaid Node Hosting prepaid service system
IN Intelligent Network services
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange
MSC/VLR
Warid
Telenore
BSC
SMSC
EIR
INTERNET
MobilinkPSTN
BSC
PrePaid
Node
VMS
HLR
MSC
w
AUC
25. BSCBSC
Base Station ControllerBase Station Controller
The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS andThe call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and
is forwarded to MSC.is forwarded to MSC.
After call is established, the BSC will performAfter call is established, the BSC will perform
decodingdecoding of the call (in typical config.)of the call (in typical config.)
29. Checks A number.Checks A number.
To whom is A subscriber calling?To whom is A subscriber calling?
(Checks B number)(Checks B number)
Example : A subscriberExample : A subscriber has prepaidhas prepaid
number.number.
MSCMSC
Mobile Switching CentreMobile Switching Centre
33. Does the A subscriber haveDoes the A subscriber have
money left on his/her account?money left on his/her account?
When the call is established andWhen the call is established and
on-going the subscriber’son-going the subscriber’s
account is decrementedaccount is decremented
accordingly.accordingly.
PrePaid NodePrePaid Node
37. Where is the B subscriber?Where is the B subscriber?
MSC interrogates in HLR.MSC interrogates in HLR.
(HLR = Home Location Register)(HLR = Home Location Register)
MSCMSC
Mobile Switching CentreMobile Switching Centre
41. HLR says ’I am the home of the BHLR says ’I am the home of the B
subscriber and I know where he/she is rightsubscriber and I know where he/she is right
now’ (i.e. which VLR)now’ (i.e. which VLR)
Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor addressTells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address
for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number)for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number)
HLRHLR
Home Location Register
53. ’’Thanks for the visitor address!’Thanks for the visitor address!’
’’I will send this address to the MSCI will send this address to the MSC
that requested for it.’that requested for it.’
HLRHLR
Home Location Register
57. ’’Thank you, HLR!’Thank you, HLR!’
Speech connection path will set upSpeech connection path will set up
now towards the MSC/VLR wherenow towards the MSC/VLR where
the B subscriber is presently located.the B subscriber is presently located.
MSCMSC
Mobile Switching CentreMobile Switching Centre
61. Sets up a speech connection towardsSets up a speech connection towards
BSC.BSC.
Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asksDelivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks
to page for the subscriber using that ID.to page for the subscriber using that ID.
MSCMSC
Mobile Switching CentreMobile Switching Centre
65. BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all theBSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the
BTSs that it covers/controls.BTSs that it covers/controls.
Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS backCarrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back
to MSC.to MSC.
Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS withAllocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with
best available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTHbest available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH
for called MS.for called MS.
Performs SPEECH CODING when call isPerforms SPEECH CODING when call is
established.established.
BSCBSC
Base Station ControllerBase Station Controller
