PAGE Clary-Pura 1 Shirley ClaryPura Professor Mires Phil 1301-2A1 01 February 1, 2018 Summary of Happiness Introduction In defining the meaning of happiness, the article, ‘Happiness,’ is divided into five different topic areas, these are, The Meanings of Happiness, Theories of Happiness, The Science of Happiness, Importance of Happiness, and the Pursuit and Promotion of Happiness. Each of the different topics takes to define different views on happiness, and its value to the life of a human. It is through this continued inquiry on how happiness affects the life of different individuals that the article completely delineates subject that is happiness. “ Summary of The Meanings of Happiness” The meaning of happiness is a philosophical question that comes to be an issue of debate. Philosophers have described it as well-being or flourishing. While this is not a definitive answer, there are two senses of happiness that delineate the philosophical understanding of what it entails. These are happiness as a state of mind and happiness as a measure of the value of wellness in the life that a person leads (Haybron, 2011). In the first sense, the definition of happiness refers to the psychological sense of an individual. In the second sense, the underlying understanding of happiness is tied to the welfare and utility derived from the quality of life that the individual leads. “Summary of Theories of Happiness” Several theories can be used in defining happiness. The first is the hedonist and life satisfaction theory. Under this theory, happiness is defined as a balance between the pleasant and unpleasant experiences in life. This balance is, in fact, improves one’s understanding of happiness. The life satisfaction theory, on the other hand, identifies happiness as having a positive attitude in life (Haybron 2011). The life satisfaction theory is dependent on the societal view of how one’s life is fairing. The achievements also play an important role in defining what exactly is perceived as happiness. “Summary of Emotional State of View” Another theory that is discussed in the article is the emotional state view. Under this theory, happiness is defined as an experience and not an amalgamation of different events in one’s life. It is a pleasant emotion. The mood of an individual in this category is a significant influence on their degree of happiness. The emotional state view looks at the involvement if emotional moods as the primary indicator of happiness (Haybron 2011). Other psychological and physical factors do not affect how the individual perceived happiness. The article then describes hybrid theories where different institutions are the basis for finding happiness. These are life satisfaction, pleasure, and emotional well being. “ Summary of Science of Happiness” Another important issue that is discussed in the article is the Science of Happiness. Under this inquiry, the author seeks to understand if happiness can be measure.

1. PAGE
Clary-Pura 1
Shirley ClaryPura
Professor Mires
Phil 1301-2A1
01 February 1, 2018
Summary of Happiness
Introduction
In defining the meaning of happiness, the article, ‘Happiness,’
is divided into five different topic areas, these are, The
Meanings of Happiness, Theories of Happiness, The Science of
Happiness, Importance of Happiness, and the Pursuit and
Promotion of Happiness. Each of the different topics takes to
define different views on happiness, and its value to the life of
a human. It is through this continued inquiry on how happiness
affects the life of different individuals that the article
completely delineates subject that is happiness.
“ Summary of The Meanings of Happiness”
The meaning of happiness is a philosophical question that
comes to be an issue of debate. Philosophers have described it
as well-being or flourishing. While this is not a definitive
answer, there are two senses of happiness that delineate the
philosophical understanding of what it entails. These are
happiness as a state of mind and happiness as a measure of the
value of wellness in the life that a person leads (Haybron,
2011). In the first sense, the definition of happiness refers to
the psychological sense of an individual. In the second sense,
the underlying understanding of happiness is tied to the welfare

2. and utility derived from the quality of life that the individual
leads.
“Summary of Theories of Happiness”
Several theories can be used in defining happiness. The first is
the hedonist and life satisfaction theory. Under this theory,
happiness is defined as a balance between the pleasant and
unpleasant experiences in life. This balance is, in fact, improves
one’s understanding of happiness. The life satisfaction theory,
on the other hand, identifies happiness as having a positive
attitude in life (Haybron 2011). The life satisfaction theory is
dependent on the societal view of how one’s life is fairing. The
achievements also play an important role in defining what
exactly is perceived as happiness.
“Summary of Emotional State of View”
Another theory that is discussed in the article is the emotional
state view. Under this theory, happiness is defined as an
experience and not an amalgamation of different events in one’s
life. It is a pleasant emotion. The mood of an individual in this
category is a significant influence on their degree of happiness.
The emotional state view looks at the involvement if emotional
moods as the primary indicator of happiness (Haybron 2011).
Other psychological and physical factors do not affect how the
individual perceived happiness. The article then describes
hybrid theories where different institutions are the basis for
finding happiness. These are life satisfaction, pleasure, and
emotional well being.
“ Summary of Science of Happiness”

3. Another important issue that is discussed in the article is the
Science of Happiness. Under this inquiry, the author seeks to
understand if happiness can be measured. The article discusses
the arbitrary nature of happiness but offers some understanding
of how it might be measured. For instances, the self-reports that
an infidel gives is taken as an important consideration of how
happiness is perceived (Haybron 2011). When a person
specifically states that they are happy, then they can go ahead
and define the extent of their happiness. A second consideration
is comparing how different persons perceive happiness and their
definition of happiness. These cross-cultural comparisons of
what it means to be happy is another standard that can be used
to gauge how happy a person is (Haybron 2011). It is, however,
important to note that there are not objective measures of
happiness.
“Summary of Value of Happiness”
The authors then go ahead and discuss the Value of Happiness
in the life of a human being. The article first deters from the
hedonist theory in that happiness is not subject to mental
wellness but rather a function of other physical influences. It is
however important that an individual is happy as it directly
affects the quality of life they lead. From the article, a person
who is happy is more likely to have a fuller more complete life
compared to those who are not happy. Secondly, there is a
doctrine of virtue that is associated with being happy. A person
that is happy often has a moral triumph in their life and
therefore have reason to be happy (Haybron, 2011).
“Summary of The Pursuit and Promotion of Happiness”
The final issue that the article discusses the Pursuit and
Promotion of Happiness. The pursuit of happiness is defined as

4. an individual and collective activity. Given that philosophers
defined happiness as an issue that precedes morality in life, it is
important that an individual consistently seek to exude
happiness. For this reason, the use of drugs as a substitute and
means of being happy is a flawed and often completely
misguided of what it means to be happy (Haybron, 2011). It is
important that virtue motivate the motivation of personal
happiness. Exuding empathy, kindness and gratitude are some of
the approaches that are likely to realize collective personal
happiness. The author also discusses some of the mistakes that
one might make in pursuit of their happiness. The author also
discusses some of the mistakes that one might make in their
pursuit of happiness (Haybron, 2011). For instance, one out not
to consistently seek to be happy but rather focus on making
others happy through their deeds. In this manner, a person is in
a better position, realizing a full and satisfactory life.
School of Business, Economic, and Technology
Campbellsville University- Louisville Center
Research Report Guide
A Guide for BA634 Students
©2017, Dr Vincent Scovetta

5. Campbellsville University. All rights reserved.
11/15/2017
Table of Contents
The Research Report 4
Chapter 1- Background/Introduction (3 – 4 pages) 4
Introduction 4
Problem Statement and Purpose of Research 4
Relevance and Significance 4
Research Questions 5
Barriers and Issues 5
Chapter 2 - Review of the Literature (6-8 pages) 5
Chapter 3 - Approach/Methodology (1 - 2 pages) 5
Chapter 4: Findings, Analysis, and Summary of Results (2 - 4
pages) 5
Chapter 5: Conclusions (2 - 4 pages) 5
References 6
Research Report Structure 6
Front Matter 6
Chapter 1 through 5 (12 pages): 6
Back Matter: 6
Document Preparation – Form and Style 6
References and Citations 7
Margins 7
Line Spacing 7
Paragraph Spacing 7
Page Numbering 7
Type Style 8
Title Page8
The Abstract 8
Chapter Title, Heading 1, Heading 2 8
Tables and Figures in the Text Body 9
Appendix 9
Additional Resources 9
Sample First Page of Table of Contents 10

6. Sample Reference List 11
The Research Report
The Research Report serves as the deliverable towards partial
completion of the requirement for BA634. The requirement of
your research is expected to be built and constitutes the five-
chapter model. This document is not intended to be a one-time
or static document. The Research Report needs to be at least 14
pages and is written in the past and present tense, as
appropriate.
The Research Report should be a complete and concise
document that establishes your credentials as a relative expert
in the domain of your study. In all cases, a good understanding
of the specific domain will be necessary for the successful
completion of your study. It is vital that you stay current in the
literature germane to the study you are conducting and update
the chapters accordingly.
The following is the general structure of the Research
ReportChapter 1- Background/Introduction (3 – 4 pages)
In this section, present enough information about the proposed
work so that the reader understands the general context or
setting. It is also helpful to include a summary of how this
document is organized. Introduction
This section introduces the reader to the structural content of
your Research Report Problem Statement and Purpose of
Research
In this section, present a concise statement of a research-worthy
problem to be addressed (i.e., why the work should be
undertaken – don’t state “it was a requirement of the
professor”). Follow the statement of the problem with a well-
supported discussion of its scope and nature. The discussion of
the problem should include: what the problem is, why it is a
problem, how the problem evolved or developed, and the issues
and events leading to the problem. Your problem statement must
be clear, concise, to the point and able to be articulated in no

7. more than three sentences.Relevance and Significance
This section provides the necessary support for both the
problem statement of your study. Consider the following
questions and support your discussion by citing the research
literature:
· Why is there a problem? What groups or individuals are
affected?
· How far-ranging is the problem and how great is its impact?
What’s the benefit of solving the problem?
· What has been tried without success to correct the situation?
Why weren’t those attempts successful?
· What are the consequences of not solving the problem?
· How does the goal of your study address the research problem
and how will your proposed study offer promise as a resolution
to the problem?
· How will your research add to the knowledge base?
· What is the potential for generalization of your results?
· What is the potential for original work? Research Questions
In this section you will define the research questions you expect
to answer in your finding / results / conclusion sections. The
research question(s) must be directly related to the problem
statement and introduce the reader to their respective
relationships. The answers to the research question(s) need to
be either qualitative or quantitative.Barriers and Issues
In this section, identify how the problem is inherently difficult
to solve. You should also show how the solution you propose
are difficult to obtain (unlike a book report). You should show
the study you propose is of adequate difficulty to warrant a
successful grade assignment. Chapter 2 - Review of the
Literature (6-8 pages)
In this section, it is important to clearly identify the major areas
on which you will need to focus your research in order to build
a solid foundation for your study in the existing body of
knowledge. The literature review is the presentation of quality
literature in a particular field that serves as the foundation and
justification for the research problem, research questions or

8. hypothesis, and methodology. You will develop a more
comprehensive review of the literature as part of your report.
Chapter 3 - Approach/Methodology (1 - 2 pages)
Describe how you plan to address your research problem and
accomplish your stated goal. List the major steps that must be
taken to accomplish the goal and include a preliminary
discussion of the methodology and specific research methods
you plan to implement. Although specific details are not
required at this point, you must provide adequate discussion of
the general process you will follow to implement your research
methodology. Chapter 4: Findings, Analysis, and Summary of
Results (2 - 4 pages)
Chapter 4 includes an objective description and analysis of the
findings, results or outcomes of the research. Limit the use of
charts, tables, figures to those that are needed to support the
narrative. Most of these illustrations can be included as part of
the Appendixes.
The following topics are intended to serve as a guide:
· Data analysis
· Findings & discussion
· Analysis
· Summary of results & discussion Chapter 5: Conclusions (2 -
4 pages)
· Conclusions - Clearly state the conclusions of the study based
on the analysis performed and results achieved. Indicate by the
evidence or logical development the extent to which the
specified objectives have been accomplished. If the research has
been guided by hypotheses, make a statement as to whether the
data supported or rejected these hypotheses. Discuss alternative
explanations for the findings, if appropriate. Delineate
strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the study.
· Implications - Discuss the impact of the work on the field of
study and its contributions to knowledge and professional
practice. Discuss implications for future research.
· Recommendations - Present recommendations for future
research or for changes in research methods or theoretical

9. concepts. As appropriate, present recommendations for changes
in academic practice, professional practice, or organizational
procedures, practices, and behavior.References
Follow the most current version of APA to format your
references. However, each reference should be single-spaced
with a double space between each cited entry. Make sure that
every citation is referenced and every reference is cited.
Research Report Structure
Notes:
· White space added to the report will negatively affect the final
grade of your report. Do not add extra space to your document
in an effort to extend the page count.Front Matter
· The front matter includes the following:
· Title Page
· Abstract
· Table of Contents
· List of Tables
· List of Figures Chapter 1 through 5 (12 pages): Back Matter:
· The back matter includes the following:
· Appendixes
· References Document Preparation – Form and Style
Form and style guidelines for a Research Report serve a number
of purposes: to ease adaptation of the document for publication
in whole or part, to ensure a level of professional appearance,
and ease the burden on the readers of the document by
presenting material in a logical, consistent fashion.
Nevertheless, form and style guidelines should not be
burdensome for Peer Reviewer or Professor. The bulk of the
effort in developing and mentoring a Research Report should
certainly be directed toward the quality of the thoughts being
presented, not the appearance of that presentation.
The current edition of the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association serves as the primary guide for
format and style. Since that manual focuses primarily on
publication in journals, some exceptions are necessary for a
Research Report. The Research Report guidelines are amplified

10. with examples of:
· Title Page (Appendix A)
· Table of Contents (Appendix E)
· List of Tables (Appendix F)
· List of Figures (Appendix G)
· First Page of a Chapter (Appendix H)
· Appendix Pages (Appendix I)
· Reference List (Appendix J)
References and Citations
One of the most important tasks in writing a Research Report is
to reference other works and sources in the text body. You must
provide a formal reference citation for each idea or statement
taken from the work of an individual or organization. Failure to
provide a reference citation, when one is appropriate, is
plagiarism, which is a violation of the university’s Code of
Student Conduct and Academic Responsibility. An act of
plagiarism will subject the student to disciplinary action
including suspension or expulsion from the university. Always
err on the side of caution when writing any formal paper. As
you conduct your work, keep accurate records that indicate
which portions of your Research Report are not your own words
and ideas. If you attempt to do this as an afterthought, you run
the risk of losing the source of the information and committing
plagiarism. Reference citations in the text should use the
author-date citation system specified in the current edition of
the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association. All reference citations must be listed
alphabetically in the References section at the end of the
document, again following the format specified in the current
edition of the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association. However, each reference should be
single-spaced with a double space in between each entry. Make
sure that every citation is referenced and every reference is
cited. Margins
The left-hand margin must be 1.5 inches (4 cm.). Margins at the
right, top, and bottom of the page should be 1.0 inch. (See

11. exception for chapter title pages below.) The Research Report
text must be left-aligned (leaving a ragged right edge). Line
Spacing
Double-spacing is required for most of the text in documents
submitted during the Research Report process. Pages for the
abstract, acknowledgments, and parts of the table of contents,
however, must be single-spaced in the Research Report. Single-
spacing also can be used for table titles and headings, figure
captions, references in a reference list (but double-spacing is
required between references in the list), footnotes, and long
quotations. Long quotations may be indented five spaces.
Judicial triple can improve appearance and readability and is
appropriate after chapter titles, before major subheadings,
before footnotes, and before and after tables in the text;
however, avoid open white spaces. Paragraph Spacing
The text of the document is double-spaced. There should be no
extra spaces between paragraphs in sections; however, indent
the first line of paragraphs five spaces (1/2 inch). Chapters must
begin on new pages. Page Numbering
Page numbers for the front matter, starting with the Table of
Contents, should be lowercase roman numerals, centered at the
bottom of the page. All pages following the front matter should
have page numbers in Arabic numerals in the upper right-hand
corner. The page order and numbering for the front matter is:
1. Title page is page i, but the page number is not printed.
2. Approval Signature page is page ii, but the page number is
not printed.
3. Abstract is page iii but the page number is not printed.
4. Acknowledgements is page iv and not to exceed one page.
The page number is not printed.
5. Table of Contents is page v and the page number is printed,
bottom center.
6. List of Tables (only present if the document contains tables)
is given the next page number in sequence, printed bottom
center.
7. List of Figures (only present if the document contains

12. figures) is given the next page number in sequence, printed
bottom center.
Type Style
For body text, you should use 12-point Times New Roman. Text
for the cover page may be larger but should not exceed 14-point
size. Text for the chapter title text should be 14-point size. Be
consistent in your use of typefaces throughout the document. Do
not use a compressed typeface or any settings on your word
processor that would decrease the spacing between letters or
words. Sans serif typefaces such as Helvetica or Arial may be
used for relatively short blocks of text such as chapter headings
and captions but should be avoided in long passages of text as
they impede readability. Title Page
Every document that is submitted, from the Research Report,
must have a title page. The title page includes the exact title of
the Master’s Thesis, date of submission, your name, and name
of the department which the report is submitted. Use the format
of the Sample Research Report Title Page provided in Appendix
A. The Abstract
The abstract (see Appendix es C) is single spaced. An abstract
is a stand-alone document and therefore, should not include
citations because it would then need references. Note that the
abstract must be fewer than 200 words. Chapter Title, Heading
1, Heading 2
It is preferred that Research Report contain no more than three
levels of headings in the body text. All headings should have
only the first letter of each word capitalized except that non-
major words shorter than four letters have no capital letters. See
Appendix H for a sample page for a first page of a chapter.
Instructions for heading levels follow:
Level 1: Chapter Title
This heading starts two inches from the top of the page, is
centered on the page, and is set in 14point type. The first line
contains the chapter number (e.g., Chapter 4). The second line

13. is blank. The third line displays the chapter title, is centered on
the page, and is set in 14-point type.
Level 2: Heading 1
Start heading 1 at the left margin of the page, four spaces (i.e.,
two returns when your document is set for double-spacing)
down from the title, set in bold 12-point type. Double-space
(one return) to the subheading body text. Indent the first line of
the body text five spaces.
Level 3: Heading 2
Start the heading 2 at the left margin of the page, double-spaced
(i.e., one return when your document is set up for double-
spacing) from the subheading, set in 12-point italics. Double-
space (one return) to the sub-subheading body text. Indent the
first line of the body text five spaces. Tables and Figures in
the Text Body
Charts, graphs, diagrams, figures, and summary tables that
significantly enhance reading of the Research Report should be
placed in the text body. Only include material in the text body
that is needed by the reader to understand the point(s) you are
trying to make. Other material should be placed in Appendixes.
Tables that summarize large amounts of data are best placed at
the end of the Master’s Thesis. If you have included data in
your text related to some point, then the full table containing
such data belongs in an Appendix. When using tables and
figures in the body of the paper, remember that the horizontal
center of the body is not at the center of the paper. It is 0.25” to
the right of center due to the 1.5” left binding margin. All tables
and figures that are less than body width must be centered
properly. Samples of a table and figure appear in Appendixes L
and M.
Appendix
Place in appropriate appendices all analytical tables, evaluation
instruments, and other material important in the determination,
evaluation, analysis, and description of your research that is not
contained in the text body (see section above). Use an Appendix
to present material that supplements the text or may be of

14. interest to readers but is too detailed or distracting for inclusion
in the main body of the text. Surveys, evaluation instruments,
original data, complicated mathematical tables, new computer
programs, computer printouts, and data collection forms are
examples of materials that are most appropriately appended. Do
not exclude material that would be necessary for another
researcher to replicate your work and that is not available
elsewhere. Include copies of IRB permission from the
sponsoring organization and from the study site. Present copies
of all letters and e-mails that allow you to use and modify
materials belonging to others. If appropriate, you may use a
titled cover sheet for an Appendix. Additional Resources
American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual
of the American Psychological Association. (6th ed.).
Washington, D.C.: Author.
Bolker, J. (1998). Writing your Research Reportin fifteen
minutes a day: A guide to starting, revising, and finishing your
doctoral thesis. New York, NY: Henry Holt Publishing.
Kiernan, V (2005). Writing Your Dissertation with Microsoft
Word. MattilyPublishing, Alexandria, Virginia
Sample First Page of Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Abstract iii
List of Tables (if necessary) viii (your actual page number may
be different)
List of Figures (if necessary) ix (your actual page number may
be different)
Chapters
1. Introduction
· Statement of the Problem to Be Investigated 1
· Goal to Be Achieved 2
· Relevance and Significance 4
· Barriers and Issues 7
· etc.
2. Review of the Literature
· The theory and research literature specific to the topic 17

15. · etc.
3 . Methodology
· Research Methods Employed 35
· etc.
4. Findings, Analysys, Results,
· Findings 78
· Analysis 91
· Results
5. Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations
· Results 102
· Conclusions 108
· Implications 123
· etc.
Appendices
A. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 140
B. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 148
C. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 155 etc.
Reference List 198
Note: Count and print the number of this page centered here in
lowercase Roman.
Sample Reference List
American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual
of the American Psychological Association. (6th ed.).
Washington, D.C.: Author.
Bolker, J. (1998). Writing your Research Reportin fifteen
minutes a day: A guide to starting, revising, and finishing your
doctoral thesis. New York, NY: Henry Holt Publishing.
Kiernan, V (2005). Writing Your Dissertation with Microsoft
Word. MattilyPublishing, Alexandria, Virginia

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