1. The document outlines 12 constructs for assessing literacy skills in reading and oral language. 2. The constructs progress from basic letter and sound recognition to reading sentences, paragraphs, and engaging in conversations. 3. Within each construct, examples are provided of assessment tasks where the student identifies letters, blends sounds, reads words and sentences, answers questions about pictures and texts, and constructs simple sentences with guidance.

1. LITERASI MEMBACA - LISAN
CONSTRUCK 1 :
Able to identify shape of letters
The ability to identify and distinguish the shapes of letters. Pupil read the given letters.
Pelajar diberikan kad huruf yang dipilih secara rawak A hingga Z oleh guru. Pelajar
menyebut huruf yang tercatat pada kad huruf yang ditunjukkan.
CONSTRUCK 2 :
Able to associate sound with the letters of alphabet
The ability to say aloud the sounds of the phonemes. Pupil says aloud the sound of the
phonemes. Guru menunjukkan huruf yang dipilih dan pelajar dikehendaki membunyikan
huruf tersebut dengan bunyi yang betul. Pada tahap ini pelajar tahu atau kenal huruf
dan faham dengan membunyikannya dengan betul. Konstruk 1 dan 2 adalah konstruk
asas. Jika gagal pelajar dikelasifikasikan tegar.
CONSTRUCT 3 :
Able to blend phonemes into recognizable word.
The ability to blend sound of phonemes into recognisable word. Pupil blends the
phonemes and says the words aloud. Pupil should be alowed to say the whole word
aloud without spelling it. Pelajar membunyikan perkataan yang diberi dengan
membunyikan dengan kuat. Perkataan yang diberi menggandungi 2 suku kata.
Contohnya :
m at
a nt
p a n

2. CONSTRUCK 4 :
Able to segment words into phonemes.
Ability to segment words into phonemes. Pupil says the words then sounds the given
phonemes. Guru menunjukkan gambar beserta perkataan yang tertera pada kad yang
dipilih. Pelajar akan melihat gambar yang diberi dan membunyikan perkataan yang
tertulis pada kad tersebut. Contohnya :
Gambat tap tap
Gambar tin tin
Gambar muka sedih sad
CONSTRUCK 5 :
Able to understand and used the language at word level
Teacher describe the picture given for example mat , tin and pin. Pupil listens to the
teacher , circle the correct words and says them aloud.
CONSTRUCT 6 :
Able to participate in daily conversations using appropriate phrases. Teacher asks pupil
to read and tick the correct responses. Pupil read and ticks the correct answers.
Example :
Responses - correct answears
Thank you You are welcome
I am sorry

3. CONSTRUCT 7:
Able to understand and used the language at phase level in linear texts. Teacher shows
the picture and phrases. Teacher may describe the picture briefly. Pupil read and
matches the pictures to the correct phases. Example :
Picture Phrases
1 a toy car a cup of tea
two big bags walk to school
walk to school a cup of tea two big bags
a cup of tea a toy car
CONSTRUCT 8:
Able to understand and use the language at phase level in non - linear texs. Teacher
shows the picture to the pupil and asks : What do you see in this picture ?.
A picture in the playing ground : Tick the correct
answears
a dog , cat sleeps , three flowers , one kite 1. a dog
a birds
2. a cat sleeps
a boy stand
3. two kites
three flowers

4. CONSTRUCT 9 :
Able to read and understand sentences. Teacher may guide the pupil to read the entire
paragraph aloud anad prompt when necessary. Not more than 3 mispronounced words
in the paragraph can be accepted and full marks should be awarded. Pupil read the
sentences aloud. Example :
I have a bag , It is a big bag . It is a big blue bag.
CONSTRUCT 10 :
Able to understand and use the language at sentence level in non - linear texts.
Teacher points to the picture and briefly describe them. Pupil listens , read and matches
the picture to the correct sentences. Example :
Picture Sentences
Picture Sarah walk to school She eats breakfast
She eats breakfast Sara wake up early
She wake up early Sarah walk to school
She brushes her teeth She brushes her teeth

5. CONSTRUCT 11 :
Able to understand and used the language at paragraph level in linear texts. Teacher
guide the pupil to read aloud the paragraph aloud , prompting where necessary. Pupil
read the paragraph and answears the quistions by ticking Yes or NO. Example :
Picture of a cat Quistions Yes
No
This is a cat Is this a dog ?.
It is a big cat Is it a big cat ?.
It likes milk Does it like milk ?.
CONSTRUCT 12 :
Able to construct sentences with guidence. Teacher guide the pupil to form simple
sentences using the subsitution table. Pupil constructs sentences from the subsititution
table and reads them aloud. Example :
Words construct sentences
This a book This is a book
She is Mimi She is Mimi
Today Monday To day is Monday

6. CONSTRUCT 11 :
Able to understand and used the language at paragraph level in linear texts. Teacher
guide the pupil to read aloud the paragraph aloud , prompting where necessary. Pupil
read the paragraph and answears the quistions by ticking Yes or NO. Example :
Picture of a cat Quistions Yes
No
This is a cat Is this a dog ?.
It is a big cat Is it a big cat ?.
It likes milk Does it like milk ?.
CONSTRUCT 12 :
Able to construct sentences with guidence. Teacher guide the pupil to form simple
sentences using the subsitution table. Pupil constructs sentences from the subsititution
table and reads them aloud. Example :
Words construct sentences
This a book This is a book
She is Mimi She is Mimi
Today Monday To day is Monday