This ppt is about tsunami. it is specially useful for 10 th std students project life. hope it will be useful for you.

3. TSUNAMI

4.  A tsunami is a series of
waves created when water
is moved very quickly.
Underwater earthquakes
are the most common
causes of tsunamis, but
underwater volcanic
activity can also trigger a
displacement in the water,
and create a mega-wave.

5. View of a Tsunami Taken By A Satellite

6. A tsunami is a
series of huge
waves that
happen after a
undersea
disturbance,
such as an
earthquake or
volcano eruption.

7. WHAT IS TSUNAMI
BASICALLY??
CONCEPT:
·Tsunamis are the worst natural
disaster; they happen mostly in
the Pacific Ocean, but may also
occur any where in the world
with a large body of water.
·Tsunamis are large wave of
water that is caused by an
earthquake in the ocean.

8. Most destructive tsunamis
are caused by
earthquakes; other
causes may be volcanic
eruptions, landslides, and
rarely even a comet
hitting the sea.

9. Causes of Tsunami
Earthquake
Volcanic eruption
Underwater explosions
Meteorite impacts

10. It depends on the earthquake on the size of
the Tsunamis big or small.
They travel hundreds of miles and cause
great devastation to any one in its way.
Tsunamis start at speech at .85 mach, which
is close to 600 MPH, and then slow down to
around 30 MPH when they reach land.

11. •Height increases as the Tsunami
reaches closer to shore
•An underground earthquake, rock slide, or volcanic eruption can
shift the water

12. On average, two damaging
tsunamis occur each year. The
speed of a tsunami can go up to
600 mph, the average speed of a
jet.

13. Hawaii is the riskiest state for tsunamis. States
such as California, Washington, and Oregon
are also affected by damaging tsunamis
Internationally tsunamis are common around
the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

14. Tsunami "Wave Train"
Many people have the mistaken belief that
tsunamis are single waves. They are not.
Instead tsunamis are "wave trains" consisting
of multiple waves. The chart below is a tidal
gauge record from Onagawa, Japan beginning
at the time of the 1960 Chile earthquake. Time
is plotted along the horizontal axis and water
level is plotted on the vertical axis. Then
recorded are a few waves a little larger than
normal followed by several much larger waves.
In many tsunami events the shoreline is
pounded by repeated large waves.

15. Warning Signs

16. • An earthquake is a natural tsunami warning. If you feel a strong quake do not stay in a
place where you are exposed to a tsunami. If you hear of an earthquake be aware of the
possibility of a tsunami and listen to the radio or television for additional information.
Remember that an earthquake can trigger killer waves thousands of miles across the
ocean many hours after the event generated a tsunami.
•Witnesses have reported that an approaching tsunami is sometimes preceded by a
noticeable fall or rise in the water level. If you see the ocean receding unusually rapidly
or far it's a good sign that a big wave is on its way. Go to high ground immediately.
•Many people were killed by the Indian Ocean tsunami because they went down to the
beach to view the retreating ocean exposing the seafloor. Experts believe that a receding
ocean may give people as much as five minutes' warning to evacuate the area.
• Remember that a tsunami is a series of waves and that the first wave may not be the
most dangerous. The danger from a tsunami can last for several hours after the arrival
of the first wave. A tsunami wave train may come as a series of surges that are five
minutes to an hour apart. The cycle may be marked by a repeated retreat and advance of
the ocean.

17. •Survivors of the Indian Ocean tsunami reported that the sea surged out
as fast and as powerfully as it came ashore. Many people were seen
being swept out to sea when the ocean retreated.
•A tsunami surge may be small at one point of the shore and large at
another point a short distance away. Do not assume that because there is
minimal sign of a tsunami in one place it will be like that everywhere
else.
• Tsunamis can travel up rivers and streams that lead to the ocean. Stay
away from rivers and streams that lead to the ocean as you would stay
away from the beach and ocean if there is a tsunami.
• It's always a good idea to keep a store of emergency supplies that
include sufficient medications, water, and other essentials sufficient for
at least 72 hours. Tsunami, earthquake, hurricane—an emergency can
develop with little or no warning.

18. HISTORY OF
TSUNAMI

19. The Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus (Res Gestae 26.10.15-19)
described the typical sequence of a tsunami, including an incipient
earthquake, the sudden retreat of the sea and a following gigantic wave,
after the 365 A.D. tsunami devastated Alexandria
While Japan may have the longest recorded history of tsunamis, the
sheer destruction caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and
tsunami event mark it as the most devastating of its kind in modern
times, killing around 230,000 people. The Sumatran region is not
unused to tsunamis either, with earthquakes of varying magnitudes
regularly occurring off the coast of the island.

20. LIST OF TSUNAMIS OF
PAST 3YRS

21. *On Jan 4, 2010, two powerful earthquakes
measuring 6.5 and 7.2 on the Richter scale hit
the western part of the Solomon Islands, followed
by a number of smaller quakes. It triggered a
tsunami that left about 1,000 homeless.
**On Feb 27, 2010, an 8.8-magnitude earthquake
hit Chile, triggering tsunami warnings along the
coasts of the Pacific Ocean.

23. Disaster Date Affected (no. of
people)
Sri Lanka 2004 1,019,306
India 2004 654,512
Indonesia 2004 532,898
Somalia 2004 105,083
Thailand 2004 67,007
Indonesia 2006 35,543
Maldives 2004 27,214
Myanmar 2004 15,700
Papua New
Guinea
1998 9,867
Malaysia 2004 5,063
Disaster Date Killed (no. of
people)
Indonesia 2004 165,708
Sri Lanka 2004 35,399
India 2004 16,389
Thailand 2004 8,345
Papua
New
Guinea
1998 2,182
Indonesia 2006 802
Somalia 2004 298
Maldives 2004 102
Vanuatu 1997 100
Malaysia 2004 80

25. Japan was hit by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake on March
11, 2011, that triggered a deadly 23-foot tsunami in the
country's north. The giant waves deluged cities and rural
areas alike, sweeping away cars, homes, buildings, a
train, and boats, leaving a path of death and devastation
in its wake. Video footage showed cars racing away from
surging waves. The earthquake—the largest in Japan's
history—struck about 230 miles northeast of Tokyo. The
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued warnings for
Russia, Taiwan, Hawaii, Indonesia, the Marshall Islands,
Papua New Guinea, Australia, and the west coasts the
U.S., Mexico, Central America, and South America.
According to the official toll, the disasters left 15,839
dead, 5,950 injured, and 3,642 missing.

26. CONSEQUENCES
..

27. AFTER
TSUnaMI
BEFORE TSUNAMI

31. Tsunamis damage tourism. Also, people are faced with
re-building, which is difficult because the people may not
have enough money to do so.

32. Debris
Trash
Waste
Trees are uprooted
Remains

33. Facts About Tsunamis

34. •Tsunami is should not be known as tidal waves.
Tsunamis are sometimes incorrectly called "tidal
waves" -- tsunamis are not caused by the tides (tides
are caused by the gravitational force of the moon on
the sea). Regular waves are caused by the wind.
•If the first part of a tsunami to reach land is a
trough—called a drawback—rather than a wave
crest, the water along the shoreline recedes
dramatically, exposing normally submerged areas.

35. •Most tsunamis, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific
Ocean’s “Ring of Fire,” a geologically active area where
tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common.
•A tsunami may be less than a foot (30 centimeters) in height
on the surface of the open ocean, which is why they are not
noticed by sailors. But the powerful shock wave of energy
travels rapidly through the ocean as fast as a commercial jet.
Once a tsunami reaches shallow water near the coast, it is
slowed down. The top of the wave moves faster than the
bottom, causing the sea to rise dramaticall

36. As a tsunami leaves the deep water of the open
ocean and travels into the shallower water . A
tsunami travels at a speed that is related to the
water depth . As the water depth decreases, the
tsunami slows. The tsunami's energy flux, which
is dependent on both its wave speed and wave
height, remains nearly constant. Consequently,
as the tsunami's speed diminishes as it travels
into shallower water, its height grows. Because of
this shoaling effect, a tsunami, imperceptible at
sea, may grow to be several meters or more in
height near the coast. When it finally reaches the
coast, a tsunami may appear as a rapidly rising
or falling tide.
They can travel at about
600 km an hour across
deep oceans (as fast as
some jet planes), and can be
10-30 meters high when
they reach land.
Tsunami is a Japanese
word with the English
translation, "harbor
wave."

38. Do not get fooled by the sizes of the waves, a
tsunami can be more dangerous than you
think. Each wave may get bigger. Once you
see a tsunami it is too late to escape. A
tsunami is a series of waves, not a single
wave, so don’t doubt the dangers.

39. TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warning
to Localities & Civil Defense Authorities
Signboard
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ
Central Government
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ
ＴＶ/Radio Station
Local
government
Radio
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩ
ＮＧ
TV（Telops, Warning maps）
13

40. Safe Evacuation
Route
Understanding of
Hazardous Areas
Appropriate Risk Awaweness of Local
Communities
+
Early Warning
=
Safe Evacuation

41. • Continue listening to a NOAA Weather
Radio, Coast Guard emergency frequency
station, or other reliable source for
emergency information
• Help injured or trapped persons
• Use the telephone only for emergency calls
• Stay out of the building if waters remain
around it
• Examine walls, floors, doors, staircases,
and windows to make sure that the
building is not in danger of collapsing.
• Inspect foundations for cracks or other
damage

42.  Donations done under the
Prime Minister Relief
Fund.
 Rice, mats, medicines
were provided.
 ITC distributed over 1 lakh
shirts to the victims.
 New houses were
provided.

43.  AWARNESS PROGRAMS LIKE
 SKITS, STAGE SHOWS….
 PREPARATIONS OF CHARTS AND BEING
AWARE ABOUT TSUNAMI, ITS AFFECTS
AND PREVENTION METHODS….

46.  A PRESENTATION BY
 P.R.GAYATHRI…
 CLASS: X