1. 1

2. Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
22 – 2
4–2
2 Subnet
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
26 – 2
64 – 2
62 Hosts/Subnet
2
HELP

3. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 2 Host
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
192
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 255.
62 Hosts/Subnet
2
1
2
8
6
4
11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Range
– Subnet
192.168.1.63 x
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64
–
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.128 –
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192
–
192.168.1.255 x
3

4. Example – 3
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
25 – 2
32 – 2
30 Subnet
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
23 – 2
8–2
6 Hosts/Subnet
4
HELP

5. Example – 3 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 5 Host
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
255.
248
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
30
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
–
192.168.1.7
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15
to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.8 192.168.1.8
–
192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16
–
192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24
–
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39Valid Subnets
192.168.1.240 –
192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.248 –
192.168.1.255 x
5

6. Example – 4
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
26 – 2
64 – 2
62 Subnet
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
22 – 2
4–2
2 Hosts/Subnet
6
HELP

7. Example – 4 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 6 Host
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
255.
252
62 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
62
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
–
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.4 to 192.168.1.7
to 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.4 192.168.1.4
–
192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.8
–
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12 to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.12 to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.12
–
192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.19
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.19Valid Subnets
192.168.1.248 –
192.168.1.251
192.168.1.248 to 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.248 to 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.252 –
192.168.1.255 x
7

8. Example – 5
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
27 – 2
128 – 2
126 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 21 – 2
= 2 – 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet
• In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 7 host bit to network bit.
8
HELP

9. Example – 6
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
28 – 2
256 – 2
254 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 20 – 2
= 0 – 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet
• In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 8 host bit to network bit.
9
HELP

10. Requirement of Hosts is 40 ?
Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 26 – 2 ≥ 40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 64 – 2
= 62 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
=
=
=
=
2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
22 – 2
4–2
2 Subnet
10
HELP

11. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 2 Host
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
192
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 255.
62 Hosts/Subnet
2
1
2
8
6
4
11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Range
– Subnet
192.168.1.63 x
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64
–
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.128 –
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192
–
192.168.1.255 x
11

12. Requirement of Hosts is 2 ?
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 22 – 2 ≥ 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 4–2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
=
=
=
=
2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
26 – 2
64 – 2
62 Subnet
12
HELP

13. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
252
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100
.
.
.
• Range of Networks
Network ID
–
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.4
–
192.168.1.8
–
192.168.1.12
–
192.168.1.248
192.168.1.252
–
–
Broadcast ID
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.7
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.15
x
192.168.1.251
192.168.1.255 x
Valid Subnets
13

14. Cisco / Notation
Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/29
Extra Network Bits = 29 – 24 = 5
Put n value = 5
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
25 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
32 – 2
30 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
23 – 2
8–2
6 Hosts/Subnet
14
HELP

15. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 5 Host
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
255.
248
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
30
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
–
192.168.1.7
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15
to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.8 192.168.1.8
–
192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16
–
192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24
–
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39Valid Subnets
192.168.1.240 –
192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.248 –
192.168.1.255 x
15

16. Cisco / Notation
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/28
Extra Network Bits = 28 – 24 = 4
Put n value = 4
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
24 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
16 – 2
14 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
24 – 2
16 – 2
14 Hosts/Subnet
16
HELP

17. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 4 Host
If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
240
14 Subnet & 255.Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
14
14
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.240
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
–
192.168.1.15 x
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.16
–
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.32
–
192.168.1.47
192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.48
–
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80Valid Subnets
192.168.1.224 –
192.168.1.239
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.240 –
192.168.1.255 x
17

18. Requirement of Networks is 2 ?
Example – 1
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2 ≥ Req. of Subnet
22 – 2 ≥ 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
4–2
2 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
214 – 2
16384 – 2
16382 Hosts/Subnet
18
HELP

19. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 2 Host
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
192.
0
2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet
2
1
2
8
6
4
11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.192.0
255.255.192.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Range
– Subnet
172.16.63.255 x
172.16.0.0
172.16.64.0 to 172.16.127.255
to 172.16.127.255
172.16.64.0172.16.127.255
172.16.64.0
–
172.16.128.0 to 172.16.191.255
to 172.16.191.255
Valid Subnets
172.16.128.0172.16.191.255
172.16.128.0
–
172.16.192.0
–
192.168.1.255
x
19

20. Requirement of Hosts is 126 ?
Example – 2
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 27 – 2 ≥ 126 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast
ID)
= 128 – 2
= 126 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
=
=
=
=
2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
29 – 2
512 – 2
510 Subnet
20
HELP

21. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 9 Host
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
128
510 Subnet & 255. Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet
126
510
1
2
8
11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.128
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
–
172.16.0.127
172.16.0.0
172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255
to 172.16.0.255
172.16.0.128
172.16.0.128
–
172.16.0.255
172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.0
–
172.16.1.127
172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255
172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255
172.16.1.128
–
172.16.1.255
172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127
172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127 Valid Subnets
172.16.255.0
–
172.16.255.127
172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.128 –
172.16.255.255 x
21

22. Cisco / Notation
Example – 3
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0/22
Extra Network Bits = 22 – 16 = 6
Put n value = 6
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
26 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
64 – 2
62 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
210 – 2
1024 – 2
1022 Hosts/Subnet
22
HELP

23. Example – 3 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 6 Host
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
252.
0
62255.
Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet
& 1022 Hosts/Subnet
62 Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4
11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.252.0
255.255.252.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
–
172.16.3.255
172.16.0.0
172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255
to 172.16.7.255
172.16.4.0 172.16.4.0172.16.7.255
–
172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255
to 172.16.11.255
172.16.8.0172.16.11.255
172.16.8.0
–
172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255
to 172.16.15.255
172.16.12.0172.16.15.255
172.16.12.0
–
172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255
172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255 Valid Subnets
172.16.248.0
–
172.16.251.255
172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255
to 172.16.251.255
172.16.248.0172.16.255.255 x
172.16.252.0
–
23

24. Requirement of Networks is 500 ?
Example – 1
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2 ≥ Req. of Subnet
29 – 2 ≥ 500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
512 – 2
510 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
215 – 2
32768 – 2
32766 Hosts/Subnet
24
HELP

25. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 9 Host
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 510255.
128.
0
Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet
& 32766 Hosts/Subnet
510 Subnet
1
2
8
11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.128.0
255.255.128.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
–
10.0.127.255
10.0.0.0
10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255
to 10.0.255.255
10.0.128.0 10.0.128.010.0.255.255
–
10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.255
to 10.1.127.255
10.1.0.010.1.127.255
10.1.0.0
–
10.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255
to 10.1.255.255
10.1.128.010.1.255.255
10.1.128.0
–
10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255
10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255 Valid Subnets
10.255.0.0
–
10.255.127.255
10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255
to 10.255.127.255
10.255.0.0 10.255.255.255 x
10.255.128.0
–
25

26. Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ?
Example – 2
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 218 – 2 ≥ 260000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast
ID)
= 262144 – 2
= 262142 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
=
=
=
=
2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
26 – 2
64 – 2
62 Subnet
26
HELP

27. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 6 Host
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
252.
0.
0
62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4
11111111 11111100 00000000 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.252.0.0
255.252.0.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
–
10.3.255.255
10.0.0.0
10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.255
to 10.3.255.255
10.4.0.0 10.7.255.255
10.4.0.0
–
10.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255
to 10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0 10.11.255.255
10.8.0.0
–
10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.255
to 10.15.255.255
10.12.0.0 10.15.255.255
10.12.0.0
–
10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255
10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255 Valid Subnets
10.248.0.0
–
10.251.255.255
10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255
10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255
10.252.0.0
–
10.255.255.255 x
27

28. Cisco / Notation
Example – 3
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 10.0.0.0/20
Extra Network Bits = 20 – 8 = 12
Put n value = 12
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2
212 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
4096 – 2
4094 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
212 – 2
4096 – 2
4094 Hosts/Subnet
28
HELP

29. Example – 3 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 12 Host
If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
255.
240.
0
4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.240.0
255.255.240.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
–
10.0.15.255
10.0.0.0
10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.255
to 10.31.255.255
10.0.16.0 10.0.31.255
10.0.16.0
–
10.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.255
to 10.47.255.255
10.0.32.0 10.0.47.255
10.0.32.0
–
10.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.255
to 10.63.255.255
10.0.48.0 10.0.63.255
10.0.48.0
–
10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255
10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255 Valid Subnets
10.255.224.0
–
10.255.239.255
10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255
to 10.255.239.255
10.255.224.010.255.255.255 x
10.255.240.0
–
29

30. VLSM
• Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length
Subnet Mask
• VLSMs provide the capability to include more than
one subnet mask within a major network
30

31. Scenario
ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC
• ZOOM Technologies – 192.168.1.0/24
– MCSE
– CISCO
– FIREWALL
– SOLARIS
– TRAINING
• Administrator wants inter-department
communication should not be possible ?
What is best the solution ?
Answer : You will go for FLSM i.e. Subnetting
31

32. Scenario (…continued)
Now we are also having sub departments
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
32

33. Scenario (…continued)
Now we are also having sub departments
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
33

34. Scenario (…continued)
• Administrator does not want inter-department
communication in the sub departments ?
Answer : You will use the subnet range to further
divide it into smaller ranges, this time its
Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM.
34

35. Calculation of FLSM
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n – 2 ≥ Req. of Subnet
23 – 2 ≥ 5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
8–2
6 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
25 – 2
32 – 2
30 Hosts/Subnet
35
HELP

36. FLSM
(Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 3 Host
If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
224
6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 255.
30 Hosts/Subnet
6
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.224
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
192.168.1.31 x
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.32
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.96
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.160
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.223
192.168.1.224
192.168.1.255 x
36

37. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– MCSE
– CISCO
192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna
– Ccnp
192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27
37

38. Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.64
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n ≥ Req. of Subnet
21 ≥ 2
2
2 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
24 – 2
16 – 2
14 Hosts/Subnet
38
HELP

39. VLSM
(Continued…)
• Customize convert Mask = Host Bit to Network Bit
If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit
you Subnet 1 more
If
255.
255.
240
2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 255.
14 Hosts/Subnet
2
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.240
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
–
192.168.1.79
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.80
–
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95
39

40. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– MCSE
– CISCO
192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccna
192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– Ccnp
192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 40

41. Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.96
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n ≥ Req. of Subnet
23 ≥ 5
8
8 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
22 – 2
4–2
2 Hosts/Subnet
41
HELP

42. VLSM
(Continued…)
• Customize convert Mask = Host Bit to Network Bit
If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit
you Subnet 3 more
If
255.
255.
252
8 Subnet & 255.
Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
2 Hosts/Subnet
8
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast
Subnet Range
Subnet Range ID
–
192.168.1.99
192.168.1.96
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 –
192.168.1.103
192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.104 –
192.168.1.107
192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.108 –
192.168.1.111
192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111
192.168.1.112 –
192.168.1.115
192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.116 –
192.168.1.119
192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.120 –
192.168.1.123
192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.124 –
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127
42

43. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– MCSE
– CISCO
192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccna
192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– Ccnp
192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– FIREWALL
192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30
– ISA
192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30
– Checkpoint
192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30
– Net SQ
192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30
– Clavister
192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
– Cisco PIX
192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 43

44. Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.128
• No.
=
=
=
=
• No.
=
=
=
=
of Subnet
2n ≥ Req. of Subnet
22 ≥ 3
4
4 Subnet
of Host
2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
23 – 2
8–2
6 Hosts/Subnet
44
HELP

45. VLSM
(Continued…)
• Customize convert Mask = Host Bit to Network Bit
If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit
you Subnet 2 more
If
255.
255.
248
4 Subnet & 255.
Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
6 Hosts/Subnet
4
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
.
.
.
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
• Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast
Subnet Range
Subnet Range ID
192.168.1.135
192.168.1.128 –
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.136 –
192.168.1.143
192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.144 –
192.168.1.151
192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151
to 192.168.1.151
192.168.1.144
192.168.1.152 –
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159
45

46. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– MCSE
– CISCO
192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccna
192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– Ccnp
192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– FIREWALL
192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30
– ISA
192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30
– Checkpoint
192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30
– Net SQ
192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30
– Clavister
192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
– Cisco PIX
192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– SOLARIS
192.168.1.128 – 1.135/29
– Linux
192.168.1.136 – 1.143/29
– Unix
192.168.1.144 – 1.51/29
– Solaris
– TRAINING
192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 46

47. VSNL ROUTER
192.168.1.0/24
1.32/27
1.160/27
1.64/27
1.144/29
1.128/27
1.64/28
1.136/29
1.96/27
1.79/28
1.128/29
1.96/30
1.112/30
1.100/30
1.108/30
1.104/30
47

48. CIDR
Classless Inter Domain Routing
• It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting
• Combining of Multiple Networks to Single
Networks
• Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits
i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s
• Generally design for Class C networks
• Easier Summarization
• It is also known as Supernetting
48

49. VSNL ROUTER
192.168.1.0/24
1.32/27
1.160/27
1.64/27
1.144/29
1.128/27
1.64/28
1.136/29
1.96/27
1.79/28
1.128/29
1.96/30
1.112/30
1.100/30
1.108/30
1.104/30
49

50. Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ?
Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 210 – 2 ≥ 1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast
ID)
= 1024 – 2
= 1022 Hosts/Subnet
50
HELP

51. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
252.
0
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4
11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000
.
.
.
• Range of Networks
Network ID
–
192.168.0.0
192.168.4.0
–
192.168.8.0
–
192.168.12.0
–
192.168.248.0
192.168.252.0
–
–
Broadcast ID
192.168.3.255
192.168.7.255
192.168.11.255
192.168.15.255
192.168.251.255
192.168.255.255
Valid Subnets
51

52. Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ?
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 214 – 2 ≥ 12000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast
ID)
= 16384 – 2
= 16382 Hosts/Subnet
52
HELP

53. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
192.
0
1
2
8
6
4
11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000
.
.
.
• Range of Networks
Network ID
–
192.168.0.0
192.168.64.0
–
192.168.128.0 –
192.168.192.0 –
Broadcast ID
192.168.63.255
192.168.127.255
192.168.191.255
192.168.255.255
53

54. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
252.
0
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4
11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000
.
.
.
• Range of Networks
Network ID
–
192.168.0.0
192.168.4.0
–
192.168.8.0
–
192.168.12.0
–
192.168.248.0
192.168.252.0
–
–
Broadcast ID
192.168.3.255
192.168.7.255
192.168.11.255
192.168.15.255
192.168.251.255
192.168.255.255
Valid Subnets
54

55. 55

56. Power table
POWER TABLE
POWER TABLE
21 = 2
29 = 512
217 = 131072
225 = 33554432
22 = 4
210 = 1024
218 = 262144
226 = 67108864
23 = 8
211 = 2048
219 = 524288
227 = 134217728
24 = 16
212 = 4096
220 = 1048576
228 = 268435456
25 = 32
213 = 8192
221 = 2097152
229 = 536870912
26 = 64
214 = 16384 222 = 4194304
230 = 1073741824
27 = 128 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608
231 = 2147483648
28 = 256 216 = 65536 224 = 16777216 232 = 4294967296
56