THIS PPT INCLUDES APPLICATION OF MAS IN AGRICULTURE AND STEPS OF MAS

2. PRESENTED
BY
GANESH H S
PG17AGR9116
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

3. PRESENTATION
ON
“MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION”
(M.A.S)

4. AREAS OF PRESENTATION
•INTRODUCTION
•MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
•TYPES OF MARKERS
•FEATURES OF M.A.S.
•STEPS IN M.A.S.
•MERITS AND DEMERITS
•CASE STUDY

5. INTRODUCTION
•Any property of an individual showing heritable
variation is referred to as CHARACTER
•QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE
•MARKER CHARACTERS

6. WHAT IS M.A.S.?
“Marker assisted selection or Marker aided
selection (MAS) is an indirect selection process where
a trait of interest is selected based on a marker
(morphological, biochemical or DNA/RNA variation)
linked to a trait of interest (e.g. productivity, disease
resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality),
rather than on the trait itself.”

7. TYPES OF
MARKERS
MORPHOLOGICAL
CYTOLOGICAL
BIOCHEMICAL
DNA MARKER

8. TYPES OF MARKERS
•Morphological Markers:- these are releated to size, shape,
colour and surface of various plant parts
•Cytological Markers:- such markers are releated to variations
in chromosomes morphology
•Biochemical Markers:- such markers are releated to
variations in protein and amino acid banding patterns.
•DNA markers:- they are related to variation in DNA
fragments genrated by restriction end nuclease enzyme

9. DNA MARKERS
•RFLP - Restriction fragment length polymorphism
•SSLP - Simple sequence length polymorphism
•AFLP - Amplified fragment length polymorphism
•RAPD- Random amplification of polymorphic DNA
•VNTR -Variable number tandem repeat
•SNP - Single nucleotide polymorphism
•STR - Short tandem repeat
•SFP -Single feature polymorphism

10. DNA MARKERS IN CROP IMPROMENT
•Germplasm characterization
•Varietal identification
•Tracing genetic origin of crop plants
•Gene tagging
•Genome mapping
•MAS

11. BREESDING POPULATION USED TO IDENTIFY MARKER
NEAR ISO
GENIC LINE(NIL)
INTROGRESSION
LINE
BULK
SEGREGATION
ANALYSIS
11

13. PROPERTIES OF IDEAL MARKERS
•Easy recognition of all possible phenotypes from all
different alleles
•Abundant in number
•Low or null interaction among the markers allowing
the use of many at the same time in a segregating
population
•Testing for the marker does not have variable success
depending on the allele at the marker locus or the
allele at the target locus
•Polymorphic

15. FEATURES OF M.A.S.
APPLICATION
HIGH ACCURACY
RAPID METHOD
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT
PERMITS QTL TAGGING
LABORATORY

19. PROCEDURE FOR MAS
SELECTION OF
PARENTS
DEVELOPMENT
OF BREEDING
POPULATION
ISOLATION OF
DNA FROM
EACH PLANT
Scoring RFLPs
COORELATION WITH
MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

20. SELECTION OF PARENTS
•Contrasting characters OR Divergent origin
•HOMOZYGOUS
•Self pollinated (homozygous)
•Cross pollinated (inbreed lines)

21. DEVELOPMENT OF BREEDING POPULATION
•The selected parents are
crossed to obtain F1
•50-100 F2 Plants are
sufficient for the study of
segregation of RFLP
markers.

22. ISOLATION OF DNA

23. GEL
ELECTROPHOROSIS
METHOD

24. Scoring RFLPs

26. EXAMPLES OF M.A.S.
CROP CHARACTER Gene/QTL MAS
Barley BYDV resistance
Leaf rust resistance
Yd2
Rphq6
STS
AFLP
Maize Corn borer resistance QTLs on 2HL RFLPs
Rice BLB resistance
BLAST resistance
Xa21, xa5
Pi1
STS, SSR
SSR
Wheat Powdry mildew resistance 22 Pm genes AFLP

28. DEMERITS
•LABORATORY
•EXPENSIVE
•TECHNICAL WORK
•COMBURSOME JOB
•HEALTH HAZARDS

29. CASE STUDY

33. • Ribaut, J.-M. et al., Genetic basis of physiological
traits. In Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding,
CIMMYT, Mexico, 2001.
• Ribaut, J.-M. and Hoisington, D. A., Marker assisted
selection: new tools and strategies. Trends Plant Sci.,
1998, 3, 236–239.
•Rosyara, U.R. 2006. REQUIREMENT OF ROBUST
MOLECULAR MARKER TECHNOLOGY FOR PLANT
BREEDING APPLICATIONS.Journal of Plant Breed. Gr.
1: 67 – 72.

35. THANK YOU