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UNIT 6
Health problems, medical
professors, lifestyles

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Reading: A cartoon strip, at the chemists,
dentists an essay about exam stress
Listening: Note taking, intonation:
conditional sentences
Grammar: Conditional type 0&1; must, mustn’t;
need, needn’t; should, shouldn’t
Vocabulary: Illness, cures, medical professions,
workplace, emergency services
Speaking: Talking about health problems,
asking for medicine

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This use is similiar to, and can usually
be replaced by, a time clause using
'when' (example: When I am late, my
father takes me to school.)
If I am late, my father takes me to
school.
She doesn't worry if Jack stays out
after school.

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Conditional 0 is formed by the use of
the present simple in the if clause
followed by a comma the present
simple in the result clause. You can
also put the result clause first without
using a comma between the clauses.
If he comes to town, we have dinner.
OR
We have dinner if he comes to town.

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Conditional 1
Often called the "real" conditional because it
is used for real - or possible - situations.
These situations take place if a certain
condition is met.
If it rains, we will stay at home.
He will arrive late unless he hurries up.
Peter will buy a new car, if he gets his raise.
NOTE
In the conditional 1 we often use unless which
means 'if ... not'. In other words, '...unless
he hurries up.' could also be written, '...if he
doesn't hurry up.'.

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Conditional 1
is formed by the use of the present
simple in the if clause followed by a
comma will verb (base form) in the
result clause. You can also put the
result clause first without using a
comma between the clauses.
If he finishes on time, we will go to
the movies.
OR
We will go to the movies if he finishes
on time.

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Put the verbs in brackets into the
correct tenses.
1 If I see him I (give) him a lift.
2 The table will collapse if you (stand)
on it.
3 If he (eat) all that he will be ill.
4 If I find your passport I (telephone)
you at once.
5 The police (arrest) him if they catch
him.
6 If he (read) in bad light he will ruin

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Can
Ability to do sth. in the present (substitute
form: to be able to)
- I can speak English.
Permission to do sth in the present
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
- Can I go to the cinema?
Request - Can you wait a moment, please?
Offer - I can lend you my car till
tomorrow.
Suggestion - Can we visit Grandma at the
weekend?
Possibility - It can get very hot in Arizona.

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Could
- Ability to do sth. in the past
(substitute form: to be able to)
I could speak English.
- Permission to do sth. in the past
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
I could go to the cinema.
- Polite question
Could I go to the cinema, please?
- Polite request
Could you wait a moment, please?

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Could
- Polite offer
I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
- Polite suggestion
Could we visit Grandma at the
weekend?
- Possibility
It could get very hot in Montana.

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May
Possibility
It may rain today.
Permission to do sth. in the present
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
May I go to the cinema?
Polite suggestion
May I help you?
Might
Possibility (less possible than may)
It might rain today.
Hesitant offer
Might I help you?

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Must
- force, necessity
I must go to the supermarket today.
- possibility
You must be tired.
- advice, recommendation
You must see the new film with Brad
Pitt.

13. L o g o
must not/may not
prohibition
You mustn't work on dad's computer.
You may not work on dad's computer.
Need not
not necessary
I needn't go to the supermarket,
we're going to the restaurant tonight.

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ought to
Use Examples advice
You ought to drive carefully in bad
weather.
obligation
You ought to switch off the light when
you leave the room.
Shall - instead of will in the 1st person
suggestion
Shall I carry your bag?.

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should
advice
You should drive carefully in bad
weather.
obligation
You should switch off the light when
you leave the room.

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will
wish, request, demand, order (less polite
than would)
Will you please shut the door?
prediction, assumption –
I think it will rain on Friday.
promise - I will stop smoking.
spontaneous decision - Can somebody
drive me to the station? - I will.
habits - She's strange, she'll sit for
hours without talking.

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Would
- wish, request (more polite than will)
Would you shut the door, please?
- habits in the past
Sometimes he would bring me some
flowers.

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1. ability to do sth. in the past
(substitute form: to be able to)
I could speak English. permission to
do sth. in the past (substitute form:
to be allowed to) I could go to the
cinema. polite question * Could I go
to the cinema, please? polite request
* Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer * I could lend you my car
till tomorrow. polite suggestion *
Could we visit Grandma at the
weekend? possibility * It could get

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2) could
 Use Examples ability to do sth. in the past
(substitute form: to be able to) I could
speak English. permission to do sth. in the
past (substitute form: to be allowed to) I
could go to the cinema. polite question *
Could I go to the cinema, please? polite
request * Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer * I could lend you my car till
tomorrow. polite suggestion * Could we visit
Grandma at the weekend? possibility * It
could get very hot in Montana.

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