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MOVIE VIEWS SYSTEM
Proposal, Technical Project
by
REEMA ALZAKI
This proposal is submitted to
Professor/DrFarnoushBanaei-kashani
Advanced Data Stores, 5800-002
September 16, 2015
1. Introduction
Movies are important as they present new experiences, cultures,
places, ideas, and so forth. They are similar to the “campfire”
that people used to gather around to tell and hear stories in the
past. They are a way to step out of our world and into another
world for a brief time, thus allowing us to relieve stress, bond
with our families and loved ones, and so forth.
The drawback to this type of entertainment is that there are so
many different types of movies being produced so quickly by
Hollywood, it can be difficult to choose one to watch. In
addition, parents also find it difficult choosing the right movie
for their children. This is because even though the Motion
Picture Association of America (MPAA) rates movies on
violence, language and drug use, these ratings are often
confusing. Furthermore, with lifestyles being so busy, no one
has time to sit and look through all of the reviews of the new
movies that are coming out and choose the best one to see.
2. OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to have a system which assists
customers in choosing and borrowingmovies which they will
return back within a certain timeframe. The movies will be
divided based on genre, MPAA ratings, as well as additional
information, such as current reviews listed from 1-3 stars. The
system will offer three package subscriptions-Basic, Deluxe,
and Supreme. The Supreme package will offer service without
advertisements. It will also offer these services in different
platforms: PCs and video consoles like WiiU, Xbox,
orPlaystation.
3. Benefits
Benefits of providing this service are that customers will be
given five movie choices from which to pick that best suits their
needs at the time. They will not have to waste money buying
movies or going to movie theaters. They will not have to waste
time looking through movie reviews and they will be given
movie choices that are appropriate for their children’s ages. As
the younger generations become older, average spending for
these consumers is expected to rise with a potential increase in
their wages, thereby the overall market will demonstrate an
exponential increase in growth in the near future. Additional
plans to include smartphone and tablet moviesfor the upcoming
generations are in the works as well, though not for this project
at this time.
4. PROPOSED TECHNICAL APPROACH
We intend to build a new generation data management system
based on NoSQL’sBigTable, as it was designed for an
organization that works with a variety of data (structured, semi-
structured, and unstructured) that is ever increasing in volume
and needs to be stored, processed, and analyzed. It can also be
compressed. We believe that the use of a data storage system of
this type is more efficient and will also yield superior
performance, high scalability, moderate flexibility, and low
complexity versus a traditional RDBMS.
INSTRUCTIONS:
I have project about movie system I want to help me
I did the proposals. I want to know which system should do this
application how you can challenge
The choice of data store depends on the data management
challenge that our selected application poses. First you need to
clarify what big data challenge your application has, and then
accordingly choose a data store that helps you address that
challenge.
Design date and implement. That’s what I want. USE SQL with
movie view how you can fix data magnet , Address , Big data,
how you can challenge and do design
1. Find an application of your interest that poses Big Data
challenge(s); does the application you described pose Big Data
challenges (remember, Volume, Velocity, and Variety of big
data applications pose the main challenge in realizing such
applications)? If yes, which challenges and how?
2. Find a data store (among those we cover in the course) that
can be used to develop the selected application by providing
capabilities that can address the corresponding Big Data
challenges of the application
3. Study the selected data store in more details and come up
with a high level design of the system you plan to develop to
enable the selected application on top of the selected data store
Tell me what will you do first? About my project?
[Proposal No.] 2 [Publish Date]
dataAccuracy.zip
instructions.docx
I'm trying to solve the problem on opinion mining using
conditional random fields
I have a solution but the accuracy is low (precession, recall, f-
measure)...
I implement the solution using java and mallet
it is mixer of stat , programming , math
I have come up with the modification but I need an expert
insights and implementation.
This is the link
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B-
y6s0ht5CGsN1F4Zl96eXo4V28&authuser=0
All I need is to improve accuracy
I thin k I will use the attached file...
Please have a look if you have any questions let me know
I need code and description of how the code works
I need accuracy to reach up to 89 % in precision and recall
because it is the baseline compared to
I need your insights before we start.
Please have a look at
http://mallet.cs.umass.edu
know
Conditional random fields
opinion mining and sentiment analysis
know this tools as well
http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/
then go over the code and know what I performed.. All I need is
to improve the accuracy to be better than this paper
http://www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/~lichen/download/WISE10_QiCh
en.pdf
Improve.docx
Hi
I found some techniques that will improve accuracy
Pre-processing
1. SMOTE it is Resamples a dataset by applying the Synthetic
Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE).
a.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6121105&t
ag=1
b. http://wiki.pentaho.com/display/DATAMINING/SMOTE
c.
http://grepcode.com/file/repo1.maven.org/maven2/nz.ac.waikato
.cms.weka/weka-
stable/3.6.6/weka/filters/supervised/instance/SMOTE.java
d. Link
e. Link 2
f. Weka
g. http://wiki.pentaho.com/display/DATAMINING/SMOTE
h.
http://weka.sourceforge.net/doc.packages/SMOTE/weka/filters/s
upervised/instance/SMOTE.html
i. https://www3.nd.edu/~dial/software/SMOTE.java
j.
http://www.java2s.com/Code/Jar/w/Downloadwekadevsrcjar.htm
k.
CRF Features
l. Dependency relations
http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/stanford-dependencies.shtml
m. RiTa http://rednoise.org/rita/index.html
How to use:
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/654/chp%253A10.1007
%252F978-3-642-25194-
8_4.pdf?auth66=1411010801_a8e694e4eede4ebfbc038fb612a81
b0d&ext=.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/4314678/A_clustering_and_opinion_
mining_approach_to_socio-
political_analysis_of_the_blogosphere
n. Shallow Parsing
How to use:
http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~feisha/pubs/shallow03.pdf
Where to find:
http://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/shallow-parsing.shtml
Demo:
http://cogcomp.cs.illinois.edu/demo/shallowparse/?id=7
o. http://mpqa.cs.pitt.edu/
p. More in
http://statmath.wu.ac.at/research/talks/resources/sentimentanaly
sis.pdf
q. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointwise_mutual_information
r. Optimization
2. Pattern-based entity extraction and visualization
http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/patternslearning.shtml
a.
https://code.google.com/hosting/search?q=SMOTE&sa=Search
3.
bigrams
http://nlp.stanford.edu/pubs/sidaw12_simple_sentiment.pdf
http://ijettcs.org/Volume1Issue2/IJETTCS-2012-08-14-047.pdf
https://github.com/esbie/ngrams/blob/master/src/Bigram.java
https://code.google.com/p/nlprogress/source/browse/trunk/java/s
rc/cs224n/langmodel/BigramLanguageModel.java?spec=svn30&
r=30
unigram, bigram and trigram
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/407/art%253A10.1007%
252Fs40012-014-0055-
3.pdf?auth66=1411337876_7da7520a6b5f9e4f61da245f5c01f5c2
&ext=.pdf
http://ir.exp.sis.pitt.edu/ne/lingpipe-
2.4.0/docs/api/com/aliasi/chunk/CharLmHmmChunker.html
http://www.mathcelebrity.com
http://www.nltk.org/book/ch07.html
Java open source NLP toolkits
http://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best-Java-open-source-
NLP-toolkits
http://ankara.lti.cs.cmu.edu/side/download.html
Features:
1. Chunk features
2. Heuristics rules
3. Word segmentation
4. Context features
5. Dependency relations
6. Lexicon
7. N-gams
8. Bigrams
9. Co-occupancy
10. Shallow parsing
11.
hydrology.zip
hecHmsPart1.pdf
probX1.pdf
hydrology.docx
would you like to take on a Hydrology project? The data is to be
processed in Hec-Hms 4.0.
I will provide the Hec-HMS files HMS.map and CartCreek.basin
and Cannon Ball.pdf (watershed map for problem x-1). I will
also provide Any references used need to be documented.
Detailed instructions will be provide. I will need Problem X-1
by October 2nd and Hec-HMS Part 1 completed by October 13th
2014.
singlePhase.zip
instructions.docx
my project requires to build Micro hydro power plant with
single- phase induction generator supplying single load using
Simulink/MATLAB
( SimPowerSystems library).and i build the circuit but it needs
to fix
i need from you to plot the output voltages and the current and
frequency of the inverter
I am attaching SLX file which shall open through
matlab/simulink
The pdf file is the key reference
as figure 1 & 5 shows the circuit with three-phase but i need it
with single-phase
pdf.pdf
Single-Phase Operation of an Autonomous Three-
Phase Induction Generator Using a VSI-DL
Control System
C. P. Ion*, I. Serban*, C. Marinescu *
*Transilvania University of Brasov/ Electrical Engineering,
Brasov, Romania
Abstract –This paper presents an efficient method to supply
single-phase loads with a three-phase induction generator
(IG). A combination between a properly controlled voltage
source inverter (VSI) and dump load (DL) ensures, besides the
phase balancing of the IG, the voltage and frequency
regulation. The VSI operates at constant frequency – thus
keeping the system frequency also constant - and deals with
unbalances compensation, while the DL performs the voltage
regulation. Simulations are carried out in order to highlight
the reliability of such a configuration.
I. INTRODUCTION
The need for green energy arises from the rapid depletion
of conventional fuels and due to environmental concerns.
This type of energy can be obtained from sources with
unlimited potential (water, wind, sun). It intends to be a
major component in electrical energy generation and will fill
the gap produced by the overgrowing demands from fast
developing economic sectors.
In Romania, energy production from renewable sources is
based mainly on hydro power plants, as the hydrographic
network offers a large unexploited potential for micro and
small plants.
For autonomous micro hydro power plants, the induction
generator (IG) represents the most attractive solution. Its
characteristics (brushless construction, low maintenance and
low capital cost) give it an important advantage over the
synchronous generator. Mainly, the three-phase squirrel-
cage machines are of interest as generators. However, in
rural and isolated places with installed powers bellow 10
kW single-phase networks are employed. A need therefore
arises for the use of single-phase induction generators in
these systems. Although all single-phase induction motors
can operate as generator, they may not give the best
performance since they have been designed for optimal
motor operation. To overcome this problem, a specially
designed two winding single-phase SEIG has been studied
[1]. Nevertheless, another inconvenient arises, as the power
of these machines is limited by their constructive
characteristics. They are commonly used at powers up to 3-4
kW.
On the other hand, three phase induction machines are
available in a wide power range and their use for supplying
single-phase micro-grids is of real interest. In order to do
that, some adaptations are required. Over the years, several
topologies have been developed [3-7]. In [3], with the use of
only one capacitor, several types of the Steinmetz
connection are analyzed. The IG behavior when connected
to a single-phase power grid is studied in [4, 5], where the
authors analyze the Smith connection and the use of a
transformer to inject current into the “free” terminal of the
stator winding. For ∆ connected machines, the C-2C
connection is employed, and a control topology is given by
the authors [6]. In [7], for a star connected machine, three
capacitors connected in parallel and series with the single-
phase load ensure the phase balancing. Power electronics is
also used to obtain balanced operation of a three-phase IG
when delivering power to a single-phase grid [2]. A more
expensive solution for the same situation with the one
presented above proposes the use of two back-to-back
converters [8].
In this paper, a VSI and DL combination is used to ensure
the balanced operation and parameters regulation of an
autonomous three-phase IG when supplying single-phase
loads. The paper is organized as follows. In section II, the
control system is presented. Section III details the
unbalances compensation algorithm. Section IV shows the
simulation results, while conclusions are provided in Section
V.
II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The circuit diagram of the proposed IG control scheme is
presented in Fig. 1 and follows an experimental scheme
under development. It contains the three-phase IG,
excitation capacitors, the VSI and DL, the single-phase load
and the control system.
CDC
Vst-up
TD
Control system
RD
VSI DLIG
Capacitor
bank
Single-phase
load
Figure 1. Circuit diagram of the proposed control system
The excitation capacitors supply almost the entire reactive
power necessary for the IG self-excitation process; they also
sustain the rated voltage in steady-state regime. The IG
control is accomplished by both VSI and DL. The
interconnection between the VSI and the IG is made through
an inductive filter. The dissipative circuit (DL) consists in a
DC chopper and a dumping resistance.
The amount of power delivered to the dump load is
controlled by modifying the PWM duty cycle that drives the
TD transistor.
An additional low-voltage source (Vst-up) in series with a
series diode on the inverter DC side is used for the IG start-
up. This source supplies the initial current required by the
IG to start the self-excitation process.
II. THE CONTROL SYSTEM
The control system is divided into two loops, one
corresponding to the VSI side and the other for the DL.
A. The VSI control
The VSI is a three-phase PWM inverter with six
transistors. Its control requires the generation of six PWM
pulses, which drive the transistor bridge. The VSI operates
at constant synchronous frequency (fn=50Hz), maintaining
the IG frequency constant, excepting the start-up [10].
In order to achieve balanced currents at the IG leads the
VSI performs as an unbalance compensator according to the
load. As the loads are varying randomly, the VSI control
must quickly adapt to maintain the IG balance currents. The
control strategy is depicted in Fig. 2.
In the unbalance compensation control scheme the A
phase current is considered as reference and the B and C
current references are obtained by lagging the A current
with 120 and 240 degrees. The unbalances compensation
control scheme contains two stationary-frame regulators
called Proportional-Resonant (PR) controllers, which are
based on stationary-frame generalized integrators. These
regulators report very good performances, actually
achieving the same transient and steady-state performance
as a classical synchronous-frame PI regulator [12].
T/3
delay
T/3
delay
PR
Contr.
Reference
Voltage
Generator
PWM
Gen.
to
VSI
ia
ib
ic
va
vb
vc
PR
Contr.
-
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
Unbalances Compensation
6
Figure 2. The VSI control strategy
They have zero-steady-state error and selective input
signal gain. Thereby, if the input signal contains high-order
harmonics they are filtered-out, and only the fundamental is
amplified.
The PR controller transfer function is defined as [12, 13]:
2
0
2)( ω+
+=
s
s
KKsG IPC (1)
where: KP and KI are the controller parameters;
ω0 is the resonant frequency.
KP and KI parameters give the dynamic behavior of the
controller, but also they are influencing the controller
bandwidth [11].
Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of the PR controller. An
anti-windup function has been implemented too, in order to
limit the controller output at the desired maximum value.
This function is expressed as [13]:
⎩
⎨
⎧
−<−−
>−
=
maxmax
maxmax
,
,
yyyy
yyyy
aw (2)
PK
IK
aw
s
1
s
1 2
0ω
in out
Figure 3. The PR controller diagram
B. The DL control
As the frequency is kept constant by the VSI, the system’s
power balance is reduced to the DC capacitor voltage
control. The dump load connected to the VSI DC side will
be controlled so that the voltage across the CDC capacitor
remains at a constant level, maintaining the system voltage
in a standard variation range.
Thus, the difference between the power delivered by the
IG and the loads demand will circulate through the VSI
towards the CDC capacitor, which acts as a short-time energy
storage element. The DC voltage variation ratio depends on
the capacitance value and on the amount of power
transferred from the IG towards the capacitor. The capacitor
value plays a very important role during transitory regimes,
when it has to handle large amounts of energy (in or out).
Large capacitors ensure low voltage drops across the IG
lines when dynamic loads (as induction motors) are
connected to the system [9]. Likewise, for unbalanced loads
asymmetrical currents will flow through the inverter lines,
producing voltage variations on the CDC capacitor [10].
Two PI controllers are used to regulate the system
voltage, as shown in Fig. 4. The first PI controller is the
leading voltage regulator. It compensates the voltage drops
across the inverter arms and filter, IG leakage impedances,
and other circuit elements, which usually led to a decrease
of the IG voltage. The IG root-mean-square (RMS) voltage
(VAB) is the feedback signal, it is compared with the 230 V
reference signal (VREF), and the error feeds the PI controller,
giving the reference signal (VDCref) for the second controller.
The second PI is used to maintain constant the CDC voltage.
The allowed voltage variation (ripple) across CDC capacitor
(ΔVDC) will give the frequency and the width of the pulses
that drive the Td transistor from the dump load.
+-RMS
VAB
Vref 230V
PI
VDCref +-
VDC
PI PWM Gen. 1
to
TD
Figure 4. The DL control strategy
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
The proposed system was modeled and simulated using
the Matlab/Simulink environment. The block diagram is
shown in Fig. 5. The configuration includes the 4kVA IG, a
block that models the prime mover (hydraulic turbine), the
VSI and DL, the two voltage controllers, an adequate
capacitor bank, loads and measurement blocks.
The IG parameters are listed below:
S= 4 kVA, 230V/50Hz/1500RPM.
Rotor type: squirrel-cage
Stator: Resistance and the leakage inductance (p.u):
045.0035.0 == lss LR
Magnetizing (mutual) inductance (p.u.): 352.1=mL
Rotor: Resistance and leakage inductance both referred to
the stator (p.u.): 045.0034.0 '' == lrr LR
The excitation capacitors are star connected with
C=120μF.
Figure 5. Simulink block diagram of IG-VSI-DL system
A. The unbalances compensation
First, the simulations are carried out in order to highlight
the efficiency of the unbalance compensation technique. To
do that, two regimes were considered, more precisely
without and with the unbalances compensator. The results
are presented in the figures below.
4.4 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46
-200
0
200
7.4 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46
-200
0
200
Time [s]
IG
P
ha
se
V
ol
ta
ge
[V
]
Figure 6. The IG Phase voltages without (upper) and with
(lower)
unbalances compensator
4.4 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46
-20
-10
0
10
20
7.4 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46
-20
-10
0
10
20
Time [s]
IG
C
ur
re
nt
s
[A
]
Figure 7. The IG Currents without (upper) and with (lower)
unbalances
compensator
The IG supplies a 3000 W single-phase resistive load.
Initially, until t=4.5s, the unbalances compensation function
of the VSI is disabled. Thus, the IG currents are unbalanced,
as can be seen in Fig. 7 – the upper part- ; having values of
9.4, 13 and 16.5 A. This thing leads to significant torque
oscillations, ranging from 0.55 to 1.4 [p.u.] – see Fig. 9-.
The current unbalances also lead to voltage unbalances, but
less significant then the current ones. The phase voltage
waveforms are depicted in the upper part of Fig. 6.
At t=4.5s, the unbalances compensation function is
enabled. The two PR controllers respond quickly and
satisfactory, balancing the IG currents in approximately 1
second. Thus, both IG voltages and currents are balanced,
and the electromagnetic torque oscillations are significantly
reduced. The resulting waveforms are depicted in Fig. 6-9.
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Time [s]
IG
R
M
S
C
ur
re
nt
s
[A
]
Figure 8. The IG RMS Currents variation after the unbalances
controller is
enabled
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
-1.5
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
Time [s]
E
le
ct
ro
m
ag
ne
tic
T
or
qu
e
[p
u]
Figure 9. The Electromagnetic Torque variation
B. The transitory regime
After the use of the unbalances compensation proved to
be reliable, the transitory regime is further analyzed. As
loads supplied by an autonomous IG are variable by nature,
their effect on voltage and frequency characteristics are of
real interest.
Initially, the IG supplies a 1.6 kW single-phase resistive
load. At t=4.5s, a pure resistive load with P=1.5kW is
connected to the IG leads. Its influence on several
parameters is shown in the figures below. After the R load
connection, at t=4.5s, the IG voltage has a little sag (Fig.
10); in consequence, the VSI DC capacitor voltage
decreases as well, the regulators command an increase of the
DC voltage in order to compensate this phenomena. The
voltage drop is small (around 4V), and the voltage regulator
brings the voltage to its rated value in approximately 1
second. The frequency variation is insignificant, as can be
seen in Fig. 11. After the load is connected, the IG currents
tend to become unbalanced, but the unbalances compensator
reacts promptly and stabilizes these currents, in 1.5 seconds
they are all brought back to their rated values. The IG RMS
currents are depicted in Fig. 12.
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
224
226
228
230
232
234
236
Time [s]
IG
R
M
S
V
ol
ta
ge
[V
]
Figure 10. The IG RMS Voltage variation for a 1.5 kW load
connection
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
50.2
Time [s]
F
re
qu
en
cy
[H
z]
Figure 11. The Frequency variation
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Time [s]
IG
R
M
S
C
ur
re
nt
s
[A
]
Figure 12. The IG RMS Currents variation
In Fig.13, the VSI DC current is shown. Before the 1.5
kW load connection, around 4.5 A are passing through the
VSI and dissipated by the DL on the dumping resistance.
After the load is connected at t=4.5s, this current drops to
around 1.2 A, but still the total power supplies by the IG is
bigger then the load demand. Assuming a corresponding 3.3
A difference for 1.5 kW, the idea is it can still supply an
extra 0.5kW charge. Thus, the simulations are repeated for a
2kW load connection in order to establish how the system
behaves at maximum load. The results are presented in Fig.
14-15. The IG RMS voltage decreases a little more then in
the previous case (around 6V), but it is rapidly brought back
to its rated value (see Fig. 14). As for the VSI DC current
from Fig. 15, right after the moment of connection, its
current changes the sign, as for a short period of time (0.2
seconds) the DC capacitor acts as a storage device,
supplying the demanded. As previously mentioned, the
value of the DC capacitor plays a very important role during
transitory regimes. In this case, the use of a large value
capacitor (4700uF) proved efficient in ensuring a rapid
system recovery when the total load connected becomes
close to the maximum rated value.
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Time [s]
V
S
I D
C
C
ur
re
nt
[A
]
Figure 13. The VSI DC Current variation for a 1.5 kW load
connection
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Time [s]
V
S
I D
C
C
ur
re
nt
[A
]
Figure 14. The VSI DC Current variation for a 2 kW load
connection
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
222
224
226
228
230
232
234
236
238
Time [s]
IG
R
M
S
V
ol
ta
ge
[V
]
Figure 15. The IG RMS Voltage variation for a 2 kW load
connection
V. CONCLUSIONS
This paper investigates the single-phase operation of an
autonomous three-phase induction generator. The proposed
control strategy employs a combination between a VSI and
DL. Based on the results obtained from the simulations in
the Matlab/Simulink environment, two main conclusions are
drawn:
- the unbalances compensation algorithm of the VSI is
effective, ensuring a balanced operation for the IG
- during transitory regimes, the control system reacts
satisfactory, keeping the frequency and voltage into the
imposed variation range
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported in part by the Romanian
Ministry of Education through contract CNCSIS-TD
131/2006 and by the FP 6, CRISTAL Project.
REFERENCES
[1]. K. Tiwari , S.S. Murthy , B. Singh , L. Shridhar, Design-
based
performance evaluation of two-winding capacitor self-excited
single-phase
induction generator. Electric Power Systems Research 67 (2003)
89-97
[2]. Machado, R.Q.; Buso, S.; Pomilio, J.A.; Marafao, F.P.,
"Three-phase
to single-phase direct connection rural cogeneration systems "
Nineteenth
Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and
Exposition,
2004. APEC '04. Volume 3, 2004 Page(s):1547 - 1553 Vol.3
[3]. Li Wang; Ruey-Yong Deng; "A novel analysis of an
autonomous
three-phase delta-connected induction generator with one
capacitor" IEEE
Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006, 18-22 June
2006,
Page(s):6 pp.
[4]. Chan, T.F.; Loi Lei Lai; "Single-phase operation of a three-
phase
induction generator with the Smith connection" IEEE
Transactions on
Energy Conversion, Volume 17, Issue 1, March 2002
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[5]. Chan, T.F.; Lai, L.L.; "Single-phase operation of a three-
phase
induction generator using a novel line current injection method"
IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, Volume 20, Issue 2, June
2005
Page(s):308 - 315
[6]. Singh, B.; Murthy, S.S.; Gupta, S., "Analysis and design of
electronic
load controller for self-excited induction Generators" IEEE
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on Energy Conversion, Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2006
Page(s):285 -
293
[7]. S.N. Mahato, M.P. Sharma and S.P. Singh, "Transient
performance of
a single-phase self-regulated self-excited induction generator
using a three-
phase machine" Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 77,
Issue 7,
May 2007, Pages 839-850
[8]. Ricardao Quadros Machado, Enes Goncalves Marra,
“Electronically
Controlled Bi-Directional Connection of Induction Generator
with a
Single-Phase Grid”, IECON’01 The 27th Annual Conference of
the IEEE
Industrial Electronic
[9]. E.G. Marra and J.A. Pomilio, “Induction-generator-based
system
providing regulated voltage with constant frequency”, IEEE
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[10]. Ion Catalin Petrea, Serban Ioan, Marinescu Daniela,
Operation of an
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2007 Vigo,
Spain, page(s):2661-2666
[11] Teodorescu, R.; Blaabjerg, F.; Liserre, M.; Loh, P.C.,
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resonant controllers and filters for grid-connected voltage-
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[13] R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg, U. Borup, and M. Liserre, “A
new
control structure for grid-connected LCL PV inverters with zero
steady-
state error and selective harmonic compensation,” in Proc. IEEE
App.
Power Electron. Conf. and Exp. (APEC’04), 2004, vol.1, pp.
580-586.
phase.slx
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X-ray.zip
X-ray.docx
I have a research about:
Current developments in X-ray tomography and imaging for
medical applications: clinical and synchrotron approaches
Can you help me doing it. We will start to write the outline so I
can submit it first and get the feedback.
Thanks
Around 4500 words.
1
2
Phil. 200: Critical Reasoning
Prof. Hale/Fall 2014
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4: RECONSTRUCTING
ARGUMENTS
General Instructions:Reconstruct the arguments in the passages
below, following the argument reconstruction rules on pg. 65 of
your textbook.You may work in groups on this assignment, and
you may turn in group work. Each problem is worth 3 points, so
the highest possible score is 33/30.Due: at the start of class
onTuesday, September 23, 2013
Required Problems:
1. [There is] … no need for setting apart one day in seven as a
holy day, since … all days are God’s. [Ohiyesa, of the Santee
Dakota, 1911, quoted in T. C. McLuhan, Touch the Earth: A
Self-Portrait of Indian Existence. (New York: Outerbridge and
Dienstfrey, 1971), p. 36.]
2. Note:Compost is a mixture of decaying organic substances,
such as dead leaves or manure, used to fertilize soil.
Because it is so dark in color, compost absorbs the sun’s rays
and warms the soil. [Michael Pollan, Second Nature: A
Gardener’s Education. (New York: Dell Publishing, 1991), p.
81.]
3. Many people who are victims of sexual assault do not report
the crime because they are ashamed or scared to share it with
anybody. [Katherine O’Neill, “Recent Sexual Assaults Occurred
in Dorms,” Daily Sundial (California State University,
Northridge), September 23, 2008.]
4. Current world population estimates of Armenians range from
6 million to 8 million. Approximately 3.5 million live in the
Republic of Armenia, so a majority live outside the homeland.
[Berge Bulbulian, The Fresno Armenians: History of a Diaspora
Community. (Fresno, CA: The Press at California State
University, Fresno, 2000), p. 6.]
5. Hey, there’s a Dodgers game tonight, so I’m sure there’s
some extra traffic on the 5 through Elysian Park. There’s always
extra traffic there when there’s a Dodgers’ game. [Traffic
Report, KNX (Los Angeles), June 6, 2005.]
6. Hybrid technology is … unsuited to small cars not only
because they are already fuel efficient but also because there
isn’t enough space to accommodate the larger hybrid system.
[Kaho Shimizu, “Different Roads to Eco-Friendly Vehicles,”
Japan Times, May 22, 2007.]
7. In addition to its importance as a traditional art form,
Japanese tattooing is a significant modern phenomenon because
of its major impact on the form and content of temporary
western body art. [Clinton R. Sanders with D. Angus Vail,
Customizing the Body: The Art and Culture of Tattooing.
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008), p. 13.]
8. Who are struggling significantly to find jobs? Teenagers, and
it’s not because they’re lazy. A new report suggests its because
they’re being under-utilized. [Herb Scribner, “Teens Struggle to
Squeeze into the Job Market,” Deseret News (Utah), March 17,
2014.]
9. If only perfect people could get into heaven, then none of us
would ever go there, because none of us is perfect! [Billy
Graham, “None of Us Is Perfect,” The Kansas City Star,
November 14, 2005.]
10. Note:In this passage, ‘he’ refers to Robert Gibbs, President
Obama’s Press Secretary, who was about to hold his first White
House press briefing.
If he’s not nervous then he’s not a human being. So I know he’s
nervous ‘cuz I know he’s a human being. [Joe Lockhart, former
White House Press Secretary, MSNBC, January 22, 2009.]
Extra Credit Problem:
11. There is wisdom in admitting what you don’t know. It is
said that the ancient Athenian philosopher Socrates was told by
the Oracle of Delphi that he was the wisest man in the world.
He didn’t believe her and proceeded to conduct interviews with
Athens’ finest: heads of state, great poets, artists and orators.
He came to the conclusion that these people really didn’t know
anything, and decided that he was the wisest man not because he
was knowledgeable, but because he was the only person wise
enough to admit that he was ignorant. [Andrew Fingerett,
“Making Decisions Based on Charm, Not Politics,” Daily
Sundial (California State University, Northridge), September 9,
2008.]
Phil. 200: Critical Reasoning
Prof. Hale/Fall 2014
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4: RECONSTRUCTING
ARGUMENTS
General Instructions: Reconstruct the arguments in the passages
below, following the argument
reconstruction rules on pg. 65 of your textbook. You may work
in groups on this assignment, and you may turn
in group work. Each problem is worth 3 points, so the highest
possible score is 33/30. Due: at the start of class
on Tuesday, September 23, 2013
Required Problems:
1. [There is] … no need for setting apart one day in seven as a
holy day, since … all days are God’s. [Ohiyesa,
of the Santee Dakota, 1911, quoted in T. C. McLuhan, Touch
the Earth: A Self-Portrait of Indian Existence.
(New York: Outerbridge and Dienstfrey, 1971), p. 36.]
2. Note: Compost is a mixture of decaying organic substances,
such as dead leaves or manure, used to fertilize
soil.
Because it is so dark in color, compost absorbs the sun’s rays
and warms the soil. [Michael Pollan, Second
Nature: A Gardener’s Education. (New York: Dell Publishing,
1991), p. 81.]
3. Many people who are victims of sexual assault do not report
the crime because they are ashamed or scared to
share it with anybody. [Katherine O’Neill, “Recent Sexual
Assaults Occurred in Dorms,” Daily Sundial
(California State University, Northridge), September 23, 2008.]
4. Current world population estimates of Armenians range from
6 million to 8 million. Approximately 3.5
million live in the Republic of Armenia, so a majority live
outside the homeland. [Berge Bulbulian, The
Fresno Armenians: History of a Diaspora Community. (Fresno,
CA: The Press at California State
University, Fresno, 2000), p. 6.]
5. Hey, there’s a Dodgers game tonight, so I’m sure there’s
some extra traffic on the 5 through Elysian Park.
There’s always extra traffic there when there’s a Dodgers’
game. [Traffic Report, KNX (Los Angeles), June
6, 2005.]
6. Hybrid technology is … unsuited to small cars not only
because they are already fuel efficient but also
because there isn’t enough space to accommodate the larger
hybrid system. [Kaho Shimizu, “Different
Roads to Eco-Friendly Vehicles,” Japan Times, May 22, 2007.]
7. In addition to its importance as a traditional art form,
Japanese tattooing is a significant modern phenomenon
because of its major impact on the form and content of
temporary western body art. [Clinton R. Sanders with
D. Angus Vail, Customizing the Body: The Art and Culture of
Tattooing. (Philadelphia: Temple University
Press, 2008), p. 13.]
8. Who are struggling significantly to find jobs? Teenagers, and
it’s not because they’re lazy. A new report
suggests its because they’re being under-utilized. [Herb
Scribner, “Teens Struggle to Squeeze into the Job
Market,” Deseret News (Utah), March 17, 2014.]
9. If only perfect people could get into heaven, then none of us
would ever go there, because none of us is
perfect! [Billy Graham, “None of Us Is Perfect,” The Kansas
City Star, November 14, 2005.]
10. Note: In this passage, ‘he’ refers to Robert Gibbs, President
Obama’s Press Secretary, who was about to
hold his first White House press briefing.
If he’s not nervous then he’s not a human being. So I know he’s
nervous ‘cuz I know he’s a human being.
[Joe Lockhart, former White House Press Secretary, MSNBC,
January 22, 2009.]
Extra Credit Problem:
11. There is wisdom in admitting what you don’t know. It is
said that the ancient Athenian philosopher Socrates
was told by the Oracle of Delphi that he was the wisest man in
the world. He didn’t believe her and
proceeded to conduct interviews with Athens’ finest: heads of
state, great poets, artists and orators. He came
to the conclusion that these people really didn’t know anything,
and decided that he was the wisest man not
because he was knowledgeable, but because he was the only
person wise enough to admit that he was
ignorant. [Andrew Fingerett, “Making Decisions Based on
Charm, Not Politics,” Daily Sundial (California
State University, Northridge), September 9, 2008.]

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AdvanceStorage.zipyyy.docxMOVIE VIEWS SYSTEMProp.docx

  • 1. AdvanceStorage.zip yyy.docx MOVIE VIEWS SYSTEM Proposal, Technical Project by REEMA ALZAKI This proposal is submitted to Professor/DrFarnoushBanaei-kashani Advanced Data Stores, 5800-002 September 16, 2015 1. Introduction Movies are important as they present new experiences, cultures,
  • 2. places, ideas, and so forth. They are similar to the “campfire” that people used to gather around to tell and hear stories in the past. They are a way to step out of our world and into another world for a brief time, thus allowing us to relieve stress, bond with our families and loved ones, and so forth. The drawback to this type of entertainment is that there are so many different types of movies being produced so quickly by Hollywood, it can be difficult to choose one to watch. In addition, parents also find it difficult choosing the right movie for their children. This is because even though the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) rates movies on violence, language and drug use, these ratings are often confusing. Furthermore, with lifestyles being so busy, no one has time to sit and look through all of the reviews of the new movies that are coming out and choose the best one to see. 2. OBJECTIVE The objective of this project is to have a system which assists customers in choosing and borrowingmovies which they will return back within a certain timeframe. The movies will be divided based on genre, MPAA ratings, as well as additional information, such as current reviews listed from 1-3 stars. The system will offer three package subscriptions-Basic, Deluxe, and Supreme. The Supreme package will offer service without advertisements. It will also offer these services in different platforms: PCs and video consoles like WiiU, Xbox, orPlaystation. 3. Benefits Benefits of providing this service are that customers will be given five movie choices from which to pick that best suits their needs at the time. They will not have to waste money buying movies or going to movie theaters. They will not have to waste time looking through movie reviews and they will be given movie choices that are appropriate for their children’s ages. As
  • 3. the younger generations become older, average spending for these consumers is expected to rise with a potential increase in their wages, thereby the overall market will demonstrate an exponential increase in growth in the near future. Additional plans to include smartphone and tablet moviesfor the upcoming generations are in the works as well, though not for this project at this time. 4. PROPOSED TECHNICAL APPROACH We intend to build a new generation data management system based on NoSQL’sBigTable, as it was designed for an organization that works with a variety of data (structured, semi- structured, and unstructured) that is ever increasing in volume and needs to be stored, processed, and analyzed. It can also be compressed. We believe that the use of a data storage system of this type is more efficient and will also yield superior performance, high scalability, moderate flexibility, and low complexity versus a traditional RDBMS. INSTRUCTIONS: I have project about movie system I want to help me I did the proposals. I want to know which system should do this application how you can challenge The choice of data store depends on the data management challenge that our selected application poses. First you need to clarify what big data challenge your application has, and then accordingly choose a data store that helps you address that challenge. Design date and implement. That’s what I want. USE SQL with movie view how you can fix data magnet , Address , Big data, how you can challenge and do design
  • 4. 1. Find an application of your interest that poses Big Data challenge(s); does the application you described pose Big Data challenges (remember, Volume, Velocity, and Variety of big data applications pose the main challenge in realizing such applications)? If yes, which challenges and how? 2. Find a data store (among those we cover in the course) that can be used to develop the selected application by providing capabilities that can address the corresponding Big Data challenges of the application 3. Study the selected data store in more details and come up with a high level design of the system you plan to develop to enable the selected application on top of the selected data store Tell me what will you do first? About my project? [Proposal No.] 2 [Publish Date] dataAccuracy.zip instructions.docx I'm trying to solve the problem on opinion mining using conditional random fields I have a solution but the accuracy is low (precession, recall, f- measure)... I implement the solution using java and mallet it is mixer of stat , programming , math I have come up with the modification but I need an expert insights and implementation. This is the link https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B- y6s0ht5CGsN1F4Zl96eXo4V28&authuser=0
  • 5. All I need is to improve accuracy I thin k I will use the attached file... Please have a look if you have any questions let me know I need code and description of how the code works I need accuracy to reach up to 89 % in precision and recall because it is the baseline compared to I need your insights before we start. Please have a look at http://mallet.cs.umass.edu know Conditional random fields opinion mining and sentiment analysis know this tools as well http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/ then go over the code and know what I performed.. All I need is to improve the accuracy to be better than this paper http://www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/~lichen/download/WISE10_QiCh en.pdf Improve.docx Hi I found some techniques that will improve accuracy Pre-processing 1. SMOTE it is Resamples a dataset by applying the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). a. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6121105&t ag=1 b. http://wiki.pentaho.com/display/DATAMINING/SMOTE
  • 6. c. http://grepcode.com/file/repo1.maven.org/maven2/nz.ac.waikato .cms.weka/weka- stable/3.6.6/weka/filters/supervised/instance/SMOTE.java d. Link e. Link 2 f. Weka g. http://wiki.pentaho.com/display/DATAMINING/SMOTE h. http://weka.sourceforge.net/doc.packages/SMOTE/weka/filters/s upervised/instance/SMOTE.html i. https://www3.nd.edu/~dial/software/SMOTE.java j. http://www.java2s.com/Code/Jar/w/Downloadwekadevsrcjar.htm k. CRF Features l. Dependency relations http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/stanford-dependencies.shtml m. RiTa http://rednoise.org/rita/index.html How to use: http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/654/chp%253A10.1007 %252F978-3-642-25194- 8_4.pdf?auth66=1411010801_a8e694e4eede4ebfbc038fb612a81 b0d&ext=.pdf https://www.academia.edu/4314678/A_clustering_and_opinion_ mining_approach_to_socio- political_analysis_of_the_blogosphere n. Shallow Parsing How to use: http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~feisha/pubs/shallow03.pdf Where to find: http://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/shallow-parsing.shtml Demo: http://cogcomp.cs.illinois.edu/demo/shallowparse/?id=7 o. http://mpqa.cs.pitt.edu/ p. More in
  • 7. http://statmath.wu.ac.at/research/talks/resources/sentimentanaly sis.pdf q. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointwise_mutual_information r. Optimization 2. Pattern-based entity extraction and visualization http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/patternslearning.shtml a. https://code.google.com/hosting/search?q=SMOTE&sa=Search 3. bigrams http://nlp.stanford.edu/pubs/sidaw12_simple_sentiment.pdf http://ijettcs.org/Volume1Issue2/IJETTCS-2012-08-14-047.pdf https://github.com/esbie/ngrams/blob/master/src/Bigram.java https://code.google.com/p/nlprogress/source/browse/trunk/java/s rc/cs224n/langmodel/BigramLanguageModel.java?spec=svn30& r=30 unigram, bigram and trigram http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/407/art%253A10.1007% 252Fs40012-014-0055- 3.pdf?auth66=1411337876_7da7520a6b5f9e4f61da245f5c01f5c2 &ext=.pdf http://ir.exp.sis.pitt.edu/ne/lingpipe- 2.4.0/docs/api/com/aliasi/chunk/CharLmHmmChunker.html http://www.mathcelebrity.com http://www.nltk.org/book/ch07.html Java open source NLP toolkits http://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best-Java-open-source- NLP-toolkits http://ankara.lti.cs.cmu.edu/side/download.html Features: 1. Chunk features 2. Heuristics rules 3. Word segmentation 4. Context features
  • 8. 5. Dependency relations 6. Lexicon 7. N-gams 8. Bigrams 9. Co-occupancy 10. Shallow parsing 11. hydrology.zip hecHmsPart1.pdf probX1.pdf hydrology.docx would you like to take on a Hydrology project? The data is to be processed in Hec-Hms 4.0.
  • 9. I will provide the Hec-HMS files HMS.map and CartCreek.basin and Cannon Ball.pdf (watershed map for problem x-1). I will also provide Any references used need to be documented. Detailed instructions will be provide. I will need Problem X-1 by October 2nd and Hec-HMS Part 1 completed by October 13th 2014. singlePhase.zip instructions.docx my project requires to build Micro hydro power plant with single- phase induction generator supplying single load using Simulink/MATLAB ( SimPowerSystems library).and i build the circuit but it needs to fix i need from you to plot the output voltages and the current and frequency of the inverter I am attaching SLX file which shall open through matlab/simulink The pdf file is the key reference as figure 1 & 5 shows the circuit with three-phase but i need it with single-phase pdf.pdf Single-Phase Operation of an Autonomous Three- Phase Induction Generator Using a VSI-DL Control System C. P. Ion*, I. Serban*, C. Marinescu *
  • 10. *Transilvania University of Brasov/ Electrical Engineering, Brasov, Romania Abstract –This paper presents an efficient method to supply single-phase loads with a three-phase induction generator (IG). A combination between a properly controlled voltage source inverter (VSI) and dump load (DL) ensures, besides the phase balancing of the IG, the voltage and frequency regulation. The VSI operates at constant frequency – thus keeping the system frequency also constant - and deals with unbalances compensation, while the DL performs the voltage regulation. Simulations are carried out in order to highlight the reliability of such a configuration. I. INTRODUCTION The need for green energy arises from the rapid depletion of conventional fuels and due to environmental concerns. This type of energy can be obtained from sources with unlimited potential (water, wind, sun). It intends to be a major component in electrical energy generation and will fill the gap produced by the overgrowing demands from fast developing economic sectors. In Romania, energy production from renewable sources is based mainly on hydro power plants, as the hydrographic network offers a large unexploited potential for micro and small plants. For autonomous micro hydro power plants, the induction generator (IG) represents the most attractive solution. Its characteristics (brushless construction, low maintenance and low capital cost) give it an important advantage over the synchronous generator. Mainly, the three-phase squirrel- cage machines are of interest as generators. However, in
  • 11. rural and isolated places with installed powers bellow 10 kW single-phase networks are employed. A need therefore arises for the use of single-phase induction generators in these systems. Although all single-phase induction motors can operate as generator, they may not give the best performance since they have been designed for optimal motor operation. To overcome this problem, a specially designed two winding single-phase SEIG has been studied [1]. Nevertheless, another inconvenient arises, as the power of these machines is limited by their constructive characteristics. They are commonly used at powers up to 3-4 kW. On the other hand, three phase induction machines are available in a wide power range and their use for supplying single-phase micro-grids is of real interest. In order to do that, some adaptations are required. Over the years, several topologies have been developed [3-7]. In [3], with the use of only one capacitor, several types of the Steinmetz connection are analyzed. The IG behavior when connected to a single-phase power grid is studied in [4, 5], where the authors analyze the Smith connection and the use of a transformer to inject current into the “free” terminal of the stator winding. For ∆ connected machines, the C-2C connection is employed, and a control topology is given by the authors [6]. In [7], for a star connected machine, three capacitors connected in parallel and series with the single- phase load ensure the phase balancing. Power electronics is also used to obtain balanced operation of a three-phase IG when delivering power to a single-phase grid [2]. A more expensive solution for the same situation with the one presented above proposes the use of two back-to-back converters [8]. In this paper, a VSI and DL combination is used to ensure
  • 12. the balanced operation and parameters regulation of an autonomous three-phase IG when supplying single-phase loads. The paper is organized as follows. In section II, the control system is presented. Section III details the unbalances compensation algorithm. Section IV shows the simulation results, while conclusions are provided in Section V. II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION The circuit diagram of the proposed IG control scheme is presented in Fig. 1 and follows an experimental scheme under development. It contains the three-phase IG, excitation capacitors, the VSI and DL, the single-phase load and the control system. CDC Vst-up TD Control system RD VSI DLIG Capacitor bank Single-phase load
  • 13. Figure 1. Circuit diagram of the proposed control system The excitation capacitors supply almost the entire reactive power necessary for the IG self-excitation process; they also sustain the rated voltage in steady-state regime. The IG control is accomplished by both VSI and DL. The interconnection between the VSI and the IG is made through an inductive filter. The dissipative circuit (DL) consists in a DC chopper and a dumping resistance. The amount of power delivered to the dump load is controlled by modifying the PWM duty cycle that drives the TD transistor. An additional low-voltage source (Vst-up) in series with a series diode on the inverter DC side is used for the IG start- up. This source supplies the initial current required by the IG to start the self-excitation process. II. THE CONTROL SYSTEM The control system is divided into two loops, one corresponding to the VSI side and the other for the DL. A. The VSI control The VSI is a three-phase PWM inverter with six transistors. Its control requires the generation of six PWM pulses, which drive the transistor bridge. The VSI operates at constant synchronous frequency (fn=50Hz), maintaining the IG frequency constant, excepting the start-up [10].
  • 14. In order to achieve balanced currents at the IG leads the VSI performs as an unbalance compensator according to the load. As the loads are varying randomly, the VSI control must quickly adapt to maintain the IG balance currents. The control strategy is depicted in Fig. 2. In the unbalance compensation control scheme the A phase current is considered as reference and the B and C current references are obtained by lagging the A current with 120 and 240 degrees. The unbalances compensation control scheme contains two stationary-frame regulators called Proportional-Resonant (PR) controllers, which are based on stationary-frame generalized integrators. These regulators report very good performances, actually achieving the same transient and steady-state performance as a classical synchronous-frame PI regulator [12]. T/3 delay T/3 delay PR Contr. Reference Voltage Generator PWM Gen. to VSI
  • 15. ia ib ic va vb vc PR Contr. - + + - + + + + Unbalances Compensation 6 Figure 2. The VSI control strategy They have zero-steady-state error and selective input signal gain. Thereby, if the input signal contains high-order harmonics they are filtered-out, and only the fundamental is
  • 16. amplified. The PR controller transfer function is defined as [12, 13]: 2 0 2)( ω+ += s s KKsG IPC (1) where: KP and KI are the controller parameters; ω0 is the resonant frequency. KP and KI parameters give the dynamic behavior of the controller, but also they are influencing the controller bandwidth [11]. Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of the PR controller. An anti-windup function has been implemented too, in order to limit the controller output at the desired maximum value. This function is expressed as [13]: ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ −<−− >− = maxmax
  • 17. maxmax , , yyyy yyyy aw (2) PK IK aw s 1 s 1 2 0ω in out Figure 3. The PR controller diagram B. The DL control As the frequency is kept constant by the VSI, the system’s power balance is reduced to the DC capacitor voltage
  • 18. control. The dump load connected to the VSI DC side will be controlled so that the voltage across the CDC capacitor remains at a constant level, maintaining the system voltage in a standard variation range. Thus, the difference between the power delivered by the IG and the loads demand will circulate through the VSI towards the CDC capacitor, which acts as a short-time energy storage element. The DC voltage variation ratio depends on the capacitance value and on the amount of power transferred from the IG towards the capacitor. The capacitor value plays a very important role during transitory regimes, when it has to handle large amounts of energy (in or out). Large capacitors ensure low voltage drops across the IG lines when dynamic loads (as induction motors) are connected to the system [9]. Likewise, for unbalanced loads asymmetrical currents will flow through the inverter lines, producing voltage variations on the CDC capacitor [10]. Two PI controllers are used to regulate the system voltage, as shown in Fig. 4. The first PI controller is the leading voltage regulator. It compensates the voltage drops across the inverter arms and filter, IG leakage impedances, and other circuit elements, which usually led to a decrease of the IG voltage. The IG root-mean-square (RMS) voltage (VAB) is the feedback signal, it is compared with the 230 V reference signal (VREF), and the error feeds the PI controller, giving the reference signal (VDCref) for the second controller. The second PI is used to maintain constant the CDC voltage. The allowed voltage variation (ripple) across CDC capacitor (ΔVDC) will give the frequency and the width of the pulses that drive the Td transistor from the dump load. +-RMS VAB
  • 19. Vref 230V PI VDCref +- VDC PI PWM Gen. 1 to TD Figure 4. The DL control strategy IV. SIMULATION RESULTS The proposed system was modeled and simulated using the Matlab/Simulink environment. The block diagram is shown in Fig. 5. The configuration includes the 4kVA IG, a block that models the prime mover (hydraulic turbine), the VSI and DL, the two voltage controllers, an adequate capacitor bank, loads and measurement blocks. The IG parameters are listed below: S= 4 kVA, 230V/50Hz/1500RPM. Rotor type: squirrel-cage Stator: Resistance and the leakage inductance (p.u): 045.0035.0 == lss LR Magnetizing (mutual) inductance (p.u.): 352.1=mL Rotor: Resistance and leakage inductance both referred to the stator (p.u.): 045.0034.0 '' == lrr LR
  • 20. The excitation capacitors are star connected with C=120μF. Figure 5. Simulink block diagram of IG-VSI-DL system A. The unbalances compensation First, the simulations are carried out in order to highlight the efficiency of the unbalance compensation technique. To do that, two regimes were considered, more precisely without and with the unbalances compensator. The results are presented in the figures below. 4.4 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46 -200 0 200 7.4 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 -200 0 200 Time [s] IG P
  • 21. ha se V ol ta ge [V ] Figure 6. The IG Phase voltages without (upper) and with (lower) unbalances compensator 4.4 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46 -20 -10 0 10 20 7.4 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 -20 -10
  • 22. 0 10 20 Time [s] IG C ur re nt s [A ] Figure 7. The IG Currents without (upper) and with (lower) unbalances compensator The IG supplies a 3000 W single-phase resistive load. Initially, until t=4.5s, the unbalances compensation function of the VSI is disabled. Thus, the IG currents are unbalanced, as can be seen in Fig. 7 – the upper part- ; having values of 9.4, 13 and 16.5 A. This thing leads to significant torque oscillations, ranging from 0.55 to 1.4 [p.u.] – see Fig. 9-. The current unbalances also lead to voltage unbalances, but less significant then the current ones. The phase voltage waveforms are depicted in the upper part of Fig. 6.
  • 23. At t=4.5s, the unbalances compensation function is enabled. The two PR controllers respond quickly and satisfactory, balancing the IG currents in approximately 1 second. Thus, both IG voltages and currents are balanced, and the electromagnetic torque oscillations are significantly reduced. The resulting waveforms are depicted in Fig. 6-9. 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time [s] IG R M S C
  • 24. ur re nt s [A ] Figure 8. The IG RMS Currents variation after the unbalances controller is enabled 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 -1.5 -1.4 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6
  • 25. -0.5 Time [s] E le ct ro m ag ne tic T or qu e [p u] Figure 9. The Electromagnetic Torque variation B. The transitory regime After the use of the unbalances compensation proved to be reliable, the transitory regime is further analyzed. As loads supplied by an autonomous IG are variable by nature, their effect on voltage and frequency characteristics are of real interest.
  • 26. Initially, the IG supplies a 1.6 kW single-phase resistive load. At t=4.5s, a pure resistive load with P=1.5kW is connected to the IG leads. Its influence on several parameters is shown in the figures below. After the R load connection, at t=4.5s, the IG voltage has a little sag (Fig. 10); in consequence, the VSI DC capacitor voltage decreases as well, the regulators command an increase of the DC voltage in order to compensate this phenomena. The voltage drop is small (around 4V), and the voltage regulator brings the voltage to its rated value in approximately 1 second. The frequency variation is insignificant, as can be seen in Fig. 11. After the load is connected, the IG currents tend to become unbalanced, but the unbalances compensator reacts promptly and stabilizes these currents, in 1.5 seconds they are all brought back to their rated values. The IG RMS currents are depicted in Fig. 12. 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 Time [s] IG
  • 27. R M S V ol ta ge [V ] Figure 10. The IG RMS Voltage variation for a 1.5 kW load connection 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2
  • 28. Time [s] F re qu en cy [H z] Figure 11. The Frequency variation 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Time [s] IG R
  • 29. M S C ur re nt s [A ] Figure 12. The IG RMS Currents variation In Fig.13, the VSI DC current is shown. Before the 1.5 kW load connection, around 4.5 A are passing through the VSI and dissipated by the DL on the dumping resistance. After the load is connected at t=4.5s, this current drops to around 1.2 A, but still the total power supplies by the IG is bigger then the load demand. Assuming a corresponding 3.3 A difference for 1.5 kW, the idea is it can still supply an extra 0.5kW charge. Thus, the simulations are repeated for a 2kW load connection in order to establish how the system behaves at maximum load. The results are presented in Fig. 14-15. The IG RMS voltage decreases a little more then in the previous case (around 6V), but it is rapidly brought back to its rated value (see Fig. 14). As for the VSI DC current from Fig. 15, right after the moment of connection, its current changes the sign, as for a short period of time (0.2 seconds) the DC capacitor acts as a storage device, supplying the demanded. As previously mentioned, the value of the DC capacitor plays a very important role during
  • 30. transitory regimes. In this case, the use of a large value capacitor (4700uF) proved efficient in ensuring a rapid system recovery when the total load connected becomes close to the maximum rated value. 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Time [s] V S I D C
  • 31. C ur re nt [A ] Figure 13. The VSI DC Current variation for a 1.5 kW load connection 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time [s] V S I D C
  • 32. C ur re nt [A ] Figure 14. The VSI DC Current variation for a 2 kW load connection 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 222 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 Time [s] IG
  • 33. R M S V ol ta ge [V ] Figure 15. The IG RMS Voltage variation for a 2 kW load connection V. CONCLUSIONS This paper investigates the single-phase operation of an autonomous three-phase induction generator. The proposed control strategy employs a combination between a VSI and DL. Based on the results obtained from the simulations in the Matlab/Simulink environment, two main conclusions are drawn: - the unbalances compensation algorithm of the VSI is effective, ensuring a balanced operation for the IG - during transitory regimes, the control system reacts satisfactory, keeping the frequency and voltage into the imposed variation range
  • 34. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by the Romanian Ministry of Education through contract CNCSIS-TD 131/2006 and by the FP 6, CRISTAL Project. REFERENCES [1]. K. Tiwari , S.S. Murthy , B. Singh , L. Shridhar, Design- based performance evaluation of two-winding capacitor self-excited single-phase induction generator. Electric Power Systems Research 67 (2003) 89-97 [2]. Machado, R.Q.; Buso, S.; Pomilio, J.A.; Marafao, F.P., "Three-phase to single-phase direct connection rural cogeneration systems " Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC '04. Volume 3, 2004 Page(s):1547 - 1553 Vol.3 [3]. Li Wang; Ruey-Yong Deng; "A novel analysis of an autonomous three-phase delta-connected induction generator with one capacitor" IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006, 18-22 June 2006, Page(s):6 pp. [4]. Chan, T.F.; Loi Lei Lai; "Single-phase operation of a three- phase induction generator with the Smith connection" IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Volume 17, Issue 1, March 2002 Page(s):47 - 54 [5]. Chan, T.F.; Lai, L.L.; "Single-phase operation of a three- phase induction generator using a novel line current injection method"
  • 35. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Volume 20, Issue 2, June 2005 Page(s):308 - 315 [6]. Singh, B.; Murthy, S.S.; Gupta, S., "Analysis and design of electronic load controller for self-excited induction Generators" IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2006 Page(s):285 - 293 [7]. S.N. Mahato, M.P. Sharma and S.P. Singh, "Transient performance of a single-phase self-regulated self-excited induction generator using a three- phase machine" Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 77, Issue 7, May 2007, Pages 839-850 [8]. Ricardao Quadros Machado, Enes Goncalves Marra, “Electronically Controlled Bi-Directional Connection of Induction Generator with a Single-Phase Grid”, IECON’01 The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronic [9]. E.G. Marra and J.A. Pomilio, “Induction-generator-based system providing regulated voltage with constant frequency”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electronics, vol. 47, no. 4, Aug. 2000. [10]. Ion Catalin Petrea, Serban Ioan, Marinescu Daniela, Operation of an Induction Generator Controlled by a VSI Circuit, ISIE 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics June 4-7, 2007 Vigo,
  • 36. Spain, page(s):2661-2666 [11] Teodorescu, R.; Blaabjerg, F.; Liserre, M.; Loh, P.C., “Proportional- resonant controllers and filters for grid-connected voltage- source converters”, Proceeding of the IEEE Electric Power Applications, vol. 153, Iss. 5, Sept. 2006, pp. 750 – 762. [12] D. N. Zmood, D. G. Holmes, “Stationary Frame Current Regulation of PWM Inverters with Zero Steady-State Error” IEEE Trans. on Power Electr., vol. 18, no. 3, May 2003, pp. 814 – 822. [13] R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg, U. Borup, and M. Liserre, “A new control structure for grid-connected LCL PV inverters with zero steady- state error and selective harmonic compensation,” in Proc. IEEE App. Power Electron. Conf. and Exp. (APEC’04), 2004, vol.1, pp. 580-586. phase.slx metadata/coreProperties.xml model 2014-08-10T14:57:59Z s3319042 s3319042 2014-08- 31T21:07:40Z 1.4 R2013b
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  • 58. none default autoscale on on off off off on on on signal1,signal2,signal3 off Sample based Use simulation time 1 2 1 0 1 on 1 Element-wise(K.*u) [] [] Inherit: Same as input []
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  • 60. Mechanical.Rotor speed (wm) 1 <Rotor speed (wm)> Auto SignalName [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [484, 520, 536, 575] 40 270 on alternate n 1.2237 powerlib/Elements/Parallel RLC Branch Parallel RLC Branch a __new0 C 1 1e-3 off 0 1e-6 on 0 None [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [439, 360, 491, 415] 60 270
  • 61. on alternate n 1.2237 powerlib/Elements/Parallel RLC Branch Parallel RLC Branch a __new0 C 1 1e-3 off 0 1e-6 off 0 None [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [494, 360, 546, 415] 63 270 on alternate n 1.2237 powerlib/Elements/Parallel RLC Branch Parallel RLC Branch a __new0 C 1 1e-3 off 0
  • 62. 1e-6 off 0 None [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [334, 520, 386, 575] 68 270 on alternate n 1.2237 powerlib/Elements/Parallel RLC Branch Parallel RLC Branch a __new0 C 1 1e-3 off 0 1e-6 on 0 None [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [985, 248, 1010, 272] 3 1.2237 on powerlib/Measurements/Current Measurement Current Measurement
  • 63. off off Complex 0 [295, 120, 325, 150] 30 60/2/pi/1430*4000 Inherit: Inherit via internal rule Inherit: Inherit via internal rule off [155, 330, 185, 360] 34 60/2/pi Inherit: Inherit via internal rule Inherit: Inherit via internal rule off [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [583, 570, 627, 625] 23 270 on alternate 1.2237 powerlib/Power Electronics/Mosfet Mosfet off 0.1 0 0.01
  • 64. 0 0 1e5 inf on [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [713, 570, 757, 625] 24 270 on alternate 1.2237 powerlib/Power Electronics/Mosfet Mosfet off 0.1 0 0.01 0 0 1e5 inf on [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [713, 460, 757, 515] 25 270 on alternate 1.2237 powerlib/Power
  • 65. Electronics/Mosfet Mosfet off 0.1 0 0.01 0 0 1e5 inf on [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [583, 460, 627, 515] 26 270 on alternate 1.2237 powerlib/Power Electronics/Mosfet Mosfet off 0.1 0 0.01 0 0 1e5 inf on [2, 2] [1065, 375, 1115, 415]
  • 66. 2 1.34 Arial powerlib_meascontrol/Measurements/Power Power off 50 [1, 0] [1, 0] 0 [0, 1] [295, 679, 325, 711] 67 Time based 10 5 [1, 1] [1075, 190, 1125, 230] 1 1.34 Arial powerlib_meascontrol/Measurements/RMS RMS off on 50 120 0 [1, 1] [1085, 430, 1135, 470]
  • 67. 8 1.34 Arial powerlib_meascontrol/Measurements/RMS RMS off on 50 120 0 [1, 1] [1165, 365, 1215, 405] 9 1.34 Arial powerlib_meascontrol/Measurements/RMS RMS off on 50 120 0 [0, 1] [210, 120, 240, 150] 31 1.285 simulink/Sources/Ramp Ramp off 1 1 0
  • 68. on [1] [245, 329, 275, 361] 33 off [188, 390, 512, 629] off 1 %<SignalLabel> [0.5 0.5 0.5] [0 0 0] [1 1 1] [1 1 0;1 0 1;0 1 1;1 0 0;0 1 0;0 0 1] -|-|-|-|-|- [0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5] none|none|none|none|none|none off StructureWithTime 0 [1] [1245, 369, 1275, 401] 17 off [188, 390, 512, 629] off 1 %<SignalLabel>
  • 69. off ScopeData1 StructureWithTime 0 [1] [1150, 194, 1180, 226] 18 off [188, 390, 512, 629] off 1 %<SignalLabel> off ScopeData2 StructureWithTime 0 [1] [1245, 434, 1275, 466] 19 off [188, 390, 512, 629] off 1 %<SignalLabel> off ScopeData3 StructureWithTime
  • 70. 0 [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [115, 730, 170, 770] 65 on alternate 1.2237 powerlib/Power Electronics/Thyristor Thyristor off 0.001 0 0.8 0 500 250e-9 on [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [415, 520, 435, 555] 29 270 1.2237 powerlib/Electrical Sources/DC Voltage Source DC Voltage Source off 240 Voltage [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2]
  • 71. [1000, 438, 1025, 462] 4 1.2237 on powerlib/Measurements/Voltage Measurement Voltage Measurement off off Complex 0 [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2] [275, 211, 375, 309] 20 on alternate 1.2237 powerlib/Machines/Single Phase Asynchronous Machine Single Phase Asynchronous Machine off Torque Tm SI Split Phase [ .25*746 110 60] [2.02 7.4e-3] [4.12 5.6e-3] 0.1772 [7.14 8.5e-3] [0.0146 0 2 1.18] [2 254.7e-6] [18 21.1e-6] 75 0 SI
  • 72. 0 -1 [] [275, 25, 341, 64] 10 1 1.2237 on powerlib/powergui PSB option menu block off Continuous Tustin 50e-6 60 off off off off 0 off off 60 100e6 1e-4 50 kV MW off off off off blocks
  • 73. warning off [0:2:500] off on off off ZData off 0.0 1 1 60 off 1000 1 1 off 0 off [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [580, 349, 635, 401] 61 n 1.2237 powerlib/Elements/Parallel RLC Branch Parallel RLC Branch a __new0 R 1 1e-3 off 0
  • 74. 1e-6 off 0 None [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] [139, 545, 191, 600] 66 270 on alternate n 1.2237 powerlib/Elements/Parallel RLC Branch Parallel RLC Branch a __new0 R 1 1e-3 off 0 1e-6 off 0 None 8 2#out:1 9#in:1 9 3#out:1
  • 75. [25, 0] 12 [0, -22; -101, 0; 0, 172] 2#in:2 11 [2, 0; 0, -45] 1#in:1 10 4#out:1 [19, 0] 14 [0, -65] 2#in:1 13 8#in:1 20 9#out:1 17#in:1 23 1#out:1 18#in:1
  • 76. 24 8#out:1 19#in:1 25 27#rconn:1 [0, 0] [772, 445; 0, 85; -27, 0] [772, 260; 0, 185] [559, 260; 213, 0] 36#lconn:1 [-6, 0; 0, -115] [465, 260; 94, 0] 22#lconn:1 [75, 0] 67#lconn:1 [0, -85] 3#lconn:1 [-198, 0]
  • 77. 4#lconn:1 [-213, 0] 26#lconn:1 26 27#lconn:1 [0, 2; -130, 0] [510, 447; 105, 0] [425, 449; 0, -2; 85, 0] [360, 449; 65, 0] 74#lconn:1 [0, -56] 72#lconn:1 [0, -81; 195, 0] 31#rconn:1 [0, -56] 37#lconn:1 [0, -58]
  • 78. 28#lconn:1 Helvetica 9 normal normal 29 26#rconn:1 [-130, 0] 25#rconn:1 [0, 0] [-105, 0] 37#rconn:1 [0, 50] [-85, 0] [360, 640; 65, 0] 74#rconn:1 [0, 50] 72#rconn:1 [0, 25; 195, 0]
  • 79. 31#lconn:1 32 28#rconn:1 [0, 11] [861, 530; 0, 11; -246, 0] 3#rconn:1 [275, 0; 0, 265; -439, 0] [0, -75] [672, 290; 189, 0; 0, 165] [520, 290; 152, 0] 69#lconn:1 [0, -55] 22#lconn:2 [130, 0] 36#rconn:1 [22, 0; 0, -85]
  • 80. 4#lconn:2 [-124, 0] 25#lconn:1 66 14#out:1 12#in:1 68 12#out:1 [60, 0] 22#in:1 <Rotor speed (wm)> 70 [1, 0] 11#out:1 16#in:1 71 16#out:1 13#in:1 74
  • 81. 22#out:1 [-250, 0] 11#in:1 195 69#rconn:1 67#rconn:1 [Content_Types].xml _rels/.rels simulink/_rels/blockdiagram.xml.rels X-ray.zip X-ray.docx I have a research about: Current developments in X-ray tomography and imaging for medical applications: clinical and synchrotron approaches Can you help me doing it. We will start to write the outline so I can submit it first and get the feedback. Thanks Around 4500 words. 1
  • 82. 2 Phil. 200: Critical Reasoning Prof. Hale/Fall 2014 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4: RECONSTRUCTING ARGUMENTS General Instructions:Reconstruct the arguments in the passages below, following the argument reconstruction rules on pg. 65 of your textbook.You may work in groups on this assignment, and you may turn in group work. Each problem is worth 3 points, so the highest possible score is 33/30.Due: at the start of class onTuesday, September 23, 2013 Required Problems: 1. [There is] … no need for setting apart one day in seven as a holy day, since … all days are God’s. [Ohiyesa, of the Santee Dakota, 1911, quoted in T. C. McLuhan, Touch the Earth: A Self-Portrait of Indian Existence. (New York: Outerbridge and Dienstfrey, 1971), p. 36.] 2. Note:Compost is a mixture of decaying organic substances, such as dead leaves or manure, used to fertilize soil. Because it is so dark in color, compost absorbs the sun’s rays and warms the soil. [Michael Pollan, Second Nature: A Gardener’s Education. (New York: Dell Publishing, 1991), p. 81.] 3. Many people who are victims of sexual assault do not report the crime because they are ashamed or scared to share it with anybody. [Katherine O’Neill, “Recent Sexual Assaults Occurred in Dorms,” Daily Sundial (California State University, Northridge), September 23, 2008.] 4. Current world population estimates of Armenians range from 6 million to 8 million. Approximately 3.5 million live in the Republic of Armenia, so a majority live outside the homeland.
  • 83. [Berge Bulbulian, The Fresno Armenians: History of a Diaspora Community. (Fresno, CA: The Press at California State University, Fresno, 2000), p. 6.] 5. Hey, there’s a Dodgers game tonight, so I’m sure there’s some extra traffic on the 5 through Elysian Park. There’s always extra traffic there when there’s a Dodgers’ game. [Traffic Report, KNX (Los Angeles), June 6, 2005.] 6. Hybrid technology is … unsuited to small cars not only because they are already fuel efficient but also because there isn’t enough space to accommodate the larger hybrid system. [Kaho Shimizu, “Different Roads to Eco-Friendly Vehicles,” Japan Times, May 22, 2007.] 7. In addition to its importance as a traditional art form, Japanese tattooing is a significant modern phenomenon because of its major impact on the form and content of temporary western body art. [Clinton R. Sanders with D. Angus Vail, Customizing the Body: The Art and Culture of Tattooing. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008), p. 13.] 8. Who are struggling significantly to find jobs? Teenagers, and it’s not because they’re lazy. A new report suggests its because they’re being under-utilized. [Herb Scribner, “Teens Struggle to Squeeze into the Job Market,” Deseret News (Utah), March 17, 2014.] 9. If only perfect people could get into heaven, then none of us would ever go there, because none of us is perfect! [Billy Graham, “None of Us Is Perfect,” The Kansas City Star, November 14, 2005.] 10. Note:In this passage, ‘he’ refers to Robert Gibbs, President Obama’s Press Secretary, who was about to hold his first White House press briefing. If he’s not nervous then he’s not a human being. So I know he’s
  • 84. nervous ‘cuz I know he’s a human being. [Joe Lockhart, former White House Press Secretary, MSNBC, January 22, 2009.] Extra Credit Problem: 11. There is wisdom in admitting what you don’t know. It is said that the ancient Athenian philosopher Socrates was told by the Oracle of Delphi that he was the wisest man in the world. He didn’t believe her and proceeded to conduct interviews with Athens’ finest: heads of state, great poets, artists and orators. He came to the conclusion that these people really didn’t know anything, and decided that he was the wisest man not because he was knowledgeable, but because he was the only person wise enough to admit that he was ignorant. [Andrew Fingerett, “Making Decisions Based on Charm, Not Politics,” Daily Sundial (California State University, Northridge), September 9, 2008.] Phil. 200: Critical Reasoning Prof. Hale/Fall 2014 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4: RECONSTRUCTING ARGUMENTS General Instructions: Reconstruct the arguments in the passages below, following the argument reconstruction rules on pg. 65 of your textbook. You may work in groups on this assignment, and you may turn in group work. Each problem is worth 3 points, so the highest possible score is 33/30. Due: at the start of class on Tuesday, September 23, 2013 Required Problems: 1. [There is] … no need for setting apart one day in seven as a holy day, since … all days are God’s. [Ohiyesa, of the Santee Dakota, 1911, quoted in T. C. McLuhan, Touch
  • 85. the Earth: A Self-Portrait of Indian Existence. (New York: Outerbridge and Dienstfrey, 1971), p. 36.] 2. Note: Compost is a mixture of decaying organic substances, such as dead leaves or manure, used to fertilize soil. Because it is so dark in color, compost absorbs the sun’s rays and warms the soil. [Michael Pollan, Second Nature: A Gardener’s Education. (New York: Dell Publishing, 1991), p. 81.] 3. Many people who are victims of sexual assault do not report the crime because they are ashamed or scared to share it with anybody. [Katherine O’Neill, “Recent Sexual Assaults Occurred in Dorms,” Daily Sundial (California State University, Northridge), September 23, 2008.] 4. Current world population estimates of Armenians range from 6 million to 8 million. Approximately 3.5 million live in the Republic of Armenia, so a majority live outside the homeland. [Berge Bulbulian, The Fresno Armenians: History of a Diaspora Community. (Fresno, CA: The Press at California State University, Fresno, 2000), p. 6.] 5. Hey, there’s a Dodgers game tonight, so I’m sure there’s some extra traffic on the 5 through Elysian Park. There’s always extra traffic there when there’s a Dodgers’ game. [Traffic Report, KNX (Los Angeles), June 6, 2005.] 6. Hybrid technology is … unsuited to small cars not only because they are already fuel efficient but also because there isn’t enough space to accommodate the larger hybrid system. [Kaho Shimizu, “Different Roads to Eco-Friendly Vehicles,” Japan Times, May 22, 2007.]
  • 86. 7. In addition to its importance as a traditional art form, Japanese tattooing is a significant modern phenomenon because of its major impact on the form and content of temporary western body art. [Clinton R. Sanders with D. Angus Vail, Customizing the Body: The Art and Culture of Tattooing. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008), p. 13.] 8. Who are struggling significantly to find jobs? Teenagers, and it’s not because they’re lazy. A new report suggests its because they’re being under-utilized. [Herb Scribner, “Teens Struggle to Squeeze into the Job Market,” Deseret News (Utah), March 17, 2014.] 9. If only perfect people could get into heaven, then none of us would ever go there, because none of us is perfect! [Billy Graham, “None of Us Is Perfect,” The Kansas City Star, November 14, 2005.] 10. Note: In this passage, ‘he’ refers to Robert Gibbs, President Obama’s Press Secretary, who was about to hold his first White House press briefing. If he’s not nervous then he’s not a human being. So I know he’s nervous ‘cuz I know he’s a human being. [Joe Lockhart, former White House Press Secretary, MSNBC, January 22, 2009.] Extra Credit Problem: 11. There is wisdom in admitting what you don’t know. It is said that the ancient Athenian philosopher Socrates was told by the Oracle of Delphi that he was the wisest man in the world. He didn’t believe her and proceeded to conduct interviews with Athens’ finest: heads of state, great poets, artists and orators. He came
  • 87. to the conclusion that these people really didn’t know anything, and decided that he was the wisest man not because he was knowledgeable, but because he was the only person wise enough to admit that he was ignorant. [Andrew Fingerett, “Making Decisions Based on Charm, Not Politics,” Daily Sundial (California State University, Northridge), September 9, 2008.]