3.  Local name: kamaad
 Scientific name: saccharum officinarum
 Common name: sugar cane
 Family: Poaceae
 Habitat: hot humid tropical areas.
 Conservation status: widespread in
cultivation.
 Importance: providing around 70% of the
world’s sugar.

4. Diagnostic features
 A perennial tall grass, bamboo like,3-6 m high
with culms (stems).
 Leaves: Broad (up to 6 cm wide), borne
alternately on the stem, with leaf base encircling
the stem.
 Fruits: An oblong caryopsis ( one-seeded fruit), 1.5
mm long.

5. Distribution
worldwide in distribution ,mostly grown in
southwestern Europe.
Economical significance
Medicinal uses,
 Constipation
 cough
 Treat skin problems
 Heart conditions
 Anemia
As a food,
 Drinks
 Preserving fruits and meat.

7. TAXONOMY
 Local name: Matar
 Scientific name: Lathyrus odoratus
 Common name: sweet pea
 Family: leguminosae
 Habitat: cool humid climate.
 Conservation status: nearly Threatened.
 Importance: nitrogen-rich edible seed,major
source of dietary protein.

8. Diagnostic features
 Annual climbing plant,
 Flower: keeled flowers bloom in clusters.
 Inflorescence: Racemose, the flowers are clustered in heads.
 Stem: Herbaceous, Cylindrical, tendril climbers.
 Fruit: The fruit is a hairy pod about 5 cm long.
 Roots: Fibrous tap root often develops nodules in herbs,Nitrogen Fixing
bacteria live in these nodules.

9. Distribution
 The sweet pea is native to the
eastern Mediterranean region, but
is widely cultivated worldwide .
Economic significance
Medicinal uses,
 Use against snake bite.
 cough and cold.
As food,
 Plants used for oils:
 The family contains many food
plants including pulses, grams and
soybean.

11. Taxonomy
 Local name: Innab
 Scientific name: ziziphus jujuba
 Common name: jujube
 Habitat: dry climate locations.
 Conservation status: worldwide in
distribution.
 Importance: jujube provides humans with a
rich source of vitamin C and is popular both
fresh and dried.

12. Diagnostic features
 Fruit:1 inch long oval,skin smooth, later
becomes or wholly burnt red-brown or all-
red.
 Flower: The 5-petalled flowers,tiny yellow
2inch in the leaf axils.
 Leaves: The leaves are alternate, ovate 1
to 2 inch.

13. Distribution
 It is widely distributed in milder climates to hot deserts of
Asia and Africa.
Economical significance
Medicinal uses,
 nausea, vomiting.
 cuts and ulcers, fevers.
 The leaves are used in liver troubles, asthma.
 antifungal.
 Astringent is needed, as on wounds.
As a food,
 Cold drink.
 Seed are used in famine.
 Powder is prepared for out-of-season purposes..

15. Taxonomy
 Local name: Chuqandar
 Scientific name: Beta vulgaris
 Common name: sugar beet
 Family: Amaranthaceae
 Habitat : Coastal
 Conservation status: Widespread in
cultivation.
 Importance : provide nearly 30% of the
world’s annual sugar.

16. Diagnostic features:
 A polymorphic biennial plant.
 Inflorescences: Small, green, borne in clusters.
 Fruits and seeds: ‘Seeds’ are actually fruits
enveloped in a woody covering (calyces).
 Leaf of beet: leaf are oblanceolate to heart-
shaped.

17. Distribution:
Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of
Europe.
Economical significance:
Medicinal uses,
 Today in cancer treatment.
 It contains high (anti-oxidants), vitamin
C.
 iron and folic acid.
As a food,
 Food and drinks.
 For salads.
 Sea beet leaves are cooked like spinach.
 Fodder purpose.

19. Taxonomy
 Local name: Kaila
 Scientific name: Musa acuminata
 Common name: banana
 Family: Musacea
 Habitat: humid tropical and subtropical
climates.
 Conservation status: Widespread in
cultivation.
 Importance: rich source of minerals like
vitamin A,C potassium.

20. Diagnostic features:
 Growth: up to 15 m tall largest perennial
herb in the world.
 Roots: cultivated vegetatively do not have
one main taproot instead they have a root
system that is fleshy and adventitious.
 Leaves: Leaves are arranged spirally and are
up to 2.7 metres long and 60 cm wide.
 Inflorescence: both male and female flower
are present in same flower.
 Fruit: parthenocarpic (seedless) fruit.

21. Distribution:
 India and most of mainland Indochina. Southeast
Asia.
Economical significance:
Medicinal uses,
 Flowers for bronchitis and diabetes.
 Roots for digestive problems.
 Anti-fungal and antibiotic properties.
As a food,
 Fruit eaten, or sliced and served in salads, cakes,
custards and ice-cream jams.
 In Africa, ripe bananas are fermented into beer and
wine.