Design Thinking en Salud

Design Thinking en Salud
Fernando Trujillo Sáez
Universidad de Granada

V EXPERTO EN PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD EN
CONTEXTOS SANITARIOS, EDUCATIVOS Y SOCIALES
MÓDULO II: INTERVENCIÓN E INVESTIGACIÓN
EVALUATIVA EN
PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD.
jueves, 21 de noviembre de 13

Ilusión

Expectativas

3

Creación de
grupos
Heterogeneidad y
cooperación, claves
del aprendizaje


Coherencia en los
espacios formativos


En este curso
haremos
Design Thinking:
¿te parece?

Think Big: La Clínica Mayo


La Clínica Mayo


“When you look to where innovation is
occurring within the industry – Kaiser
Permanente or the Mayo Clinic, for example –
they are investing heavily in design as an approach
to improve the patient experience. Design is
proving to be effective because of its
emphasis on the end user’s needs.”
Chris Ferguson, The Bridge,
“Applying Design Thinking to Ontario Healthcare”


El Center for Innovation de
la Clínica Mayo
•

“In 2010, the CFI was a respected internal consultancy of
Mayo Clinic. It had ﬁve platforms that encompassed
various kinds of service redesign, and it had grown from
two full-time employees to 32. It had undertaken
projects to reorganize the work ﬂows in a practice, test new
strategies for patient education, use technology to improve
physician consultations, and redesign the traditional exam
room.”


La Clínica Mayo:
ejemplo a seguir

http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/projects

La Clínica Mayo:
ejemplo a seguir


Proyectos: Patient App

http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/projects/patient-app

Proyectos:
Stroke Telemedicine
In stroke telemedicine
(telestroke), at Mayo Clinic,
your doctor and the
neurologist trained in blood
vessel conditions (vascular
neurologist) provide care in
your home community and
try to avoid the need for
transfer to another medical
center. This focus on
regional care often allows
you to receive quality
stroke care in your
community.

http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/projects/stroke-telemedicine

Proyectos:
Pediatric Phlebotomy Chair
The goal was to ﬁnd a
product that would hold
playful distractions for
patients, recline if patients
fainted and allow
phlebotomists to access
patients with ease.

http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/projects/pediatric-phlebotomy-chair

Proyectos: Caregivers
Caregiver
Solutions
creates
supportive
wellness
services for
informal
caregivers who
are disengaged
from their
health and
wellness needs
due to the
burden of
giving care.

http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/projects/caregivers

Proyectos:
Jack & Jill Rooms

The team at the Mayo Clinic Center for Innovation was invited
to take a fresh look at how space supports the activities of
Mayo's new practice redesign. They began by identifying clear
objectives and goals for the examination space and researched
how the actual patient experience aligned with those goals.
One of those goals was to make the patient-physician
interaction more of a collaborative experience.

http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/projects/jack-and-jill-rooms

Otros proyectos
•

Project RED: Re-engineering Dialysis (http://www.mayo.edu/
center-for-innovation/projects/project-red)

•

eConsults: http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/
projects/econsults

•

ExerGaming: http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/
projects/exergaming

•

OB Nest: http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/
projects/ob-nest

•

Decision Aids: http://www.mayo.edu/center-for-innovation/
projects/decision-aids


Un comentario ﬁnal
sobre La Clínica Mayo
•

“The Mayo Clinic Center for
Innovation is something far bigger
than any single designer, provider
or illustrator. It’s a tangled
web of active thinkers who
ask questions that may not
have answers. I’ve learned
from them that design isn’t
just part of the solution.
Design changes how we see
the problem.” Samantha
Dempsey, Radical Collaborations,
http://arcadenw.org/article/
radical-collaborations


Otros
ejemplos
Banana
Packaging
http://www.designs-on.com/packaging/expired/

Otros ejemplos: servicios
OpenIDEO Challenge
“As usual – we'll start with the Inspiration phase where
we gather existing insights surrounding the challenge. Next we
roll over to the Concepting phase where you can add
your bright ideas, informed by all that inspirational goodness.
Then we get the chance to collectively assess concepts in the
Evaluation Phase to help decide on the most relevant
solutions.”
http://www.openideo.com/open/how-might-we-improve-health-care-through-social-business-in-lowincome-communities/brief.html

Otros ejemplos: servicios
Las
Madres
Caldas,
Colombia

Cuidadoras

http://www.openideo.com/open/how-might-we-improve-health-care-through-social-business-in-low-incomecommunities/winning-concepts/-201c-mentor-village-phone-vending-machine-201d-lady/

IDEO Health & Wellness Projects
http://www.ideo.com/expertise/health/


“It is increasingly clear that solutions for
our most pressing and challenging public
health issues will ultimately hinge on
designing environments that encourage
healthy behavior choices by making
them more available, economical, and
enjoyable.”
Matthew Trowbridge, Culture of Health, “Leveraging the
Power of Design and Design Thinking for Public Health”,


“Empathy is at the heart of
design. Without the understanding of
what others see, feel, and experience,
design is a pointless task.”
Tim Brown, A lesson in Empathy
http://designthinking.ideo.com/?p=1008


Empathy
Cleveland Clinic

http://youtu.be/cDDWvj_q-o8
Véase también: http://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20130418165546-205372152-empathycan-we-afford-to-be-without-it

“Ask employees to imagine what it’s like to be a
patient or the family member of a patient. Ask
them how they would like to be treated. Remind them that
this is consistent with the ethical practice of medicine... We
can’t forget why we became doctors and nurses and
administrators. In the ﬁnal analysis, we work for a better
patient experience because it’s the right thing to do.”


IDEO: círculos de
innovación

http://www.ideo.com/about/

¿Qué es Design Thinking?
“human-based problem solving”
Tim Brown, Change by design.


¿Qué es Design Thinking?
...métodos y procesos de investigación de
problemas mal deﬁnidos, adquisición de
información, análisis del conocimiento y
propuesta de soluciones en los ámbitos del
diseño y la planiﬁcación.
Vía Wikipedia


Diseñar
para
cambiar

El camino del cambio


Creative Problem Solving
(CPS)
Alex Osborn & Sidney Parnes

• OF = Object Finding
• FF = Fact Finding
• PF = Problem Finding
http://www.creativeeducationfoundation.org/our-process/what-is-cps

(CPS)

• IF = Idea Finding


(CPS)

• SF = Solution Finding
• AF = Acceptance
Finding


Pensamiento Creativo
explorar
generar
jugar

no enjuiciar
visualizar

expandir

buscar
lo inesperado

#DoTheNever

fantasear

Divergencia
Convergencia

imaginar

clariﬁcar

conectar

categorizar
decidir

combinar

reﬁnar

agrupar
reducir

evaluar
seleccionar

focalizar

Inspirado en http://creativeemergence.typepad.com/the_fertile_unknown/2010/02/creative-thinking-diverge-and-converge.html

P
e
r
s
o
n
a
s

Claves del Design
Thinking

Claves del
Design
Thinking


Prototipos:
el
diseño
iterativo

http://marshmallowchallenge.com

El reto de la esponjita


¿Qué hemos aprendido?
•
•
•
•
•

El uso de modelos: conocimiento del mundo
Trabajo cooperativo: uniﬁcación de criterios
Errores asumibles y alternativas: prototipos
Reﬂexión crítica: ausencia de criterios comunes
Capacidad de escucha, reparto de tareas y
ejecución


La Salud es un
contexto interesante
para la aplicación del
design thinking.

¿Qué aspecto de tu realidad te
gustaría potenciar o qué
problema te gustaría solucionar?


Mesa redonda

43

Mesa redonda
•Elemento a potenciar o el
problema a solucionar
•El nombre del prototipo
•Una descripción de no más
de un párrafo/cinco líneas.
44

Briefing
• Nombre del prototipo
• Personas implicadas
• Actuaciones
• Temporalización
• Recursos
• Indicadores de evaluación
30 minutos

El ascensor


Tiempo de mejora

47

Networking & Difusión

48

¡Acabamos!


Poco a poco...


Poco a poco...
Diseña,
pero no
pruebes.


Poco a poco...
Diseña, Prueba,
pero no pero no
pruebes. evalúes.


Poco a poco...
Diseña, Prueba, Diseña,
pero no pero no prueba y
pruebes. evalúes. evalúa.


Cualquier cambio
debe ser deseado


Cualquier cambio
debe ser gradual


Cualquier cambio
debe ser una
experiencia de éxito


➡
➡

blog.fernandotrujillo.es

➡

conecta13.com

➡

fernandotrujillo.es

twitter.com/ftsaez

Design Thinking en Salud

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