Tumor of the skin-types, general features of Benign and Malignant tumor with their histological characteristics
1. Tumor of the skin-types,
general features of Benign and Malignant tumor
with their histological characteristics
Presented by
Rubiat Ferdous
ID No. 19VS-JJ15
Reg. No. 41273
2. Contents
ďą What is skin tumor
ďąCauses
ďąTypes
ďąTumor genesis
ďąMalignant skin tumor
ďąBenign skin tumor
ďąDifference between MT & BT
3. Skin tumor
Skin tumors are abnormal growths of tissue that can be malignant
(cancerous) or benign (harmless). Skin tumors become extremely
common as people get older.
4. Causes of tumor
⢠Environmental toxins, such as exposure to radiation
⢠Genetics
⢠Diet
⢠Stress
⢠Local trauma or injury
⢠inflammation or infection
5. Tumor genesis (oncogenesis,
carcinogenesis)
ďą It is a multistep .
ďą These steps reflect genetic alterations that drive the progressive
transformation of normal cells into highly malignant derivatives
(cancer).
Steps of carcinogenesis:
⢠Initiation
⢠Promotion
⢠Progression
⢠Malignant conversion
9. Common cyst
Sebaceous cyst (epidermoid cyst)
ďą It is a retention cyst that is caused by the blockage of sebaceous
gland duct.
ďą Lined with stratified squamous epithelium contain a grayish white
material
ďą Often found on scalp , trunk face any hairy areas of the body except
the palm and the sole.
11. Clinical features:
⢠Slowly growing cyst and often painless
⢠If infected or inflamed, it becomes red, painful
and tender to touch
⢠Cyst forms a small, well defined cystic swelling usually fixed to
overlying skin at one point, freely movable, central punctum may be
seen
⢠Lesion may be solitary or multiple
⢠Sometimes it attains a large size
12. Dermoid cyst
⢠Dermoid cyst is lined by stratified squamous epithelium filled with
sebaceous material
⢠Dermoid cysts grow slowly and are not tender unless ruptured.
⢠They usually occur on the face, inside the skull, on the lower back,
and in the ovaries.
14. Clinical features
Sequestration dermoid : present at birth but not appear except
after few years then cyst begins to extend.
Implantation dermoid : occurs secondary to punctured wounds
which displace some epithelial cells into SC tissues.
19. Treatment
⢠No treatment unless for cosmesis or liability to trauma
⢠Surgical excision under local anaesthesia or by
laser/radiowave/electrocoagulation/cryotherapy
20. Moles ( Naevi)
⢠Melanocytes migrate from neural crest to the basal epidermis
during embryogenesis.
Classifications :
⢠Lentigo
⢠Junctional
⢠Compound
⢠Intradermal
22. Malignant skin tumor
ďąBasal cell carcinoma (BCC)
⢠Arise from basal layer of epidermis.
⢠Most common, 75% of skin tumors.
⢠Affects white skin, Male: Female=3:2
⢠Occurs on exposed parts: face, neck, scalp.
⢠Commonly Caucasian male older than 60 years.
25. Types
⢠Nodulo-ulcerative : slow rising, nodular
⢠Pigmented BCC: ulcerative and deep brown to lack brown to black
nodule
⢠Superficial BCC: lightly pigmented patch.
⢠Sclerosing BCC: yellowish-white.
⢠BC nevus syndrome
26. Cont.. (MST)
⢠Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Arises from the malignant transformation of keratinocytes in the
epidermis.
Arise either in normal skin or in preexisting lesion as (actinic keratosis,
leukoplakia, radiation keratosis, scars.
28. ContâŚâŚâŚ.
Malignant Melanoma: MM
⢠result of the malignant transformation of melanocytes
⢠Occurs mainly in skin, also in eye, mouth , anus, vagina
Etiology :
⢠Positive family history in 5-10% of patients.
⢠Blue eyes, red hair, white skin, freckling.
⢠Benign and/or dysplastic melanocytic nevi
⢠Immunosuppression(in renal transplant).
⢠High Ultraviolet radiation .
35. Rate of Growth
Benign
⢠Rateof growth is usuallyslow.
Malignant
⢠Rateof growth is variableand
depends onlevelof differentiation;
the moreanaplasticthe tumor,the
fasterits growth
36. Metastasis
Benign
⢠Does not spread by metastasis
Malignant
⢠gains access to the blood and
lymph channel and metastasized
to the other areas of the body.