Assignment 1: Research Guidelines Student`s name Institution Assignment 1: Research Guidelines (A) My Purpose (research question) ( /5 pts) My research question is: Is there a correlation between stress and job satisfaction? I chose this topic because it represents one of the most important factors that influence a person’s beliefs and attitudes. Both variables have cognitive and behavioral aspects. (B) All About GSS 2016 data ( /5 pts) 1. Who are the participants? They are a population of people who are 18 years and above living in a household in the United States. They are English and Spanish speakers and they have not moved out of the United States. 2. What population does the sample represent? It represents 50,000 households. 3. Who is funding the research? National science foundation 4. When was the data collected? It was collected in 2016 5. How was the data collected? It was obtained in face to face interviews and through computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) (C) Variables (You are expected to have only one dependent variable (DV) and one or two independent variables (IV). ( /10 pts) IV Variable name in SPSS: Stress IV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim): how often do you find work stressful? IV Answer categories: “Always =1 “,” Often =2 “,Sometimes =-3”, “ Hardly ever = 4 “, and “Never = 5”. IV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): Ordinal DV variable name in SPSS: jobs the DV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim) Is there a correlation between stress and job satisfaction?” DV Answer categories: “Very satisfied = 1”, “Moderately satisfied = 2” , “ A little dissatisfied= “, and “very dissatisfied = 5“. DV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): Ordinal (D) Frequency Tables ( /10 pts) Stress Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid ALWAYS 96 10.3 10.3 10.3 OFTEN 207 22.2 22.2 32.5 SOMETIMES 467 50.1 50.1 82.6 HARDLY EVER 130 13.9 13.9 96.6 NEVER 32 3.4 3.4 100.0 Total 932 100.0 100.0 According to the analysis from the frequency table above, it is clear that 50.1% of the respondents express the idea that they sometimes find work stressful. However, those who never find work stressful constitute the smallest percentage with only 3.4 %, while those who express the idea that they always find work stressful hold 10.3 %. This implies that there are many people who find work stressful than those who are always happy at work. Job description Job satisfaction Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very satisfied 118 40.1 40.1 40.1 Moderately satisfied 134 45.6 45.6 85.7 A little dissatisfied 32 10.9 10.9 96.6 Very dissatisfied 10 3.4 3.4 100.0 Total 294 100.0 100.0 Out of 294 respondents, 134 (45%) are moderately satisfied with their job. Those who express high job satisfaction constitute 40.1% of the total respondents, while those who indicated high jo.

1. Assignment 1: Research Guidelines
Student`s name
Institution

2. Assignment 1: Research Guidelines
(A) My Purpose (research question) ( /5 pts)
My research question is: Is there a correlation between stress
and job satisfaction?
I chose this topic because it represents one of the most
important factors that influence a person’s beliefs and attitudes.
Both variables have cognitive and behavioral aspects.
(B) All About GSS 2016 data ( /5 pts)
1. Who are the participants? They are a population of people
who are 18 years and above living in a household in the United
States. They are English and Spanish speakers and they have
not moved out of the United States.
2. What population does the sample represent? It represents
50,000 households.
3. Who is funding the research? National science foundation
4. When was the data collected? It was collected in 2016
5. How was the data collected? It was obtained in face to face
interviews and through computer-assisted personal interviewing
(CAPI)
(C) Variables (You are expected to have only one dependent
variable (DV) and one or two independent variables (IV). (
/10 pts)

3. IV Variable name in SPSS: Stress
IV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim): how often
do you find work stressful?
IV Answer categories: “Always =1 “,” Often =2 “,Sometimes
=-3”, “ Hardly ever = 4 “, and “Never = 5”.
IV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio):
Ordinal
DV variable name in SPSS: jobs the
DV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim) Is there a
correlation between stress and job satisfaction?”
DV Answer categories: “Very satisfied = 1”, “Moderately
satisfied = 2” , “ A little dissatisfied= “, and “very dissatisfied
= 5“.
DV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio):
Ordinal
(D) Frequency Tables ( /10 pts)
Stress
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
ALWAYS

4. 96
10.3
10.3
10.3
OFTEN
207
22.2
22.2
32.5
SOMETIMES
467
50.1
50.1
82.6
HARDLY EVER
130
13.9
13.9
96.6
NEVER
32
3.4
3.4
100.0
Total
932
100.0
100.0

5. According to the analysis from the frequency table above, it is
clear that 50.1% of the respondents express the idea that they
sometimes find work stressful. However, those who never find
work stressful constitute the smallest percentage with only 3.4
%, while those who express the idea that they always find work
stressful hold 10.3 %. This implies that there are many people
who find work stressful than those who are always happy at
work.
Job description
Job satisfaction
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
Very satisfied
118
40.1
40.1
40.1
Moderately satisfied
134
45.6
45.6
85.7
A little dissatisfied
32
10.9
10.9
96.6
Very dissatisfied

6. 10
3.4
3.4
100.0
Total
294
100.0
100.0
Out of 294 respondents, 134 (45%) are moderately satisfied
with their job. Those who express high job satisfaction
constitute 40.1% of the total respondents, while those who
indicated high jog dissatisfaction constitute only 3.4%. This
suggests that majority of the respondents are relatively satisfied
with their work
(E) Graphs and Charts ( /6 pts)
Stress ( Independent variable)
The above bar chart illustrates that 50.1% of the respondents
express the idea that they sometimes find work stressful. It is
also clear from the chart that a small percentage of the
respondents convey the idea that they never find work stressful.
Job description

7. The bar chart clearly illustrates that the majority of the
respondents are moderately satisfied with their job. However,
3.4% of the respondents express high job dissatisfaction.
Furthermore, the chart demonstrates that many respondents
convey relative satisfaction than those who generally feel
dissatisfied.
(F) Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion ( /10 pts)
The appropriate measure for nominal is mode (McKelvey, &
Zavoina,1975). The mode is the most frequent score in a
dataset, and it is normally used to identify the most common
category in a particular dataset. While The appropriate measures
scale for ordinal is mode and median. For interval /ratio, the
appropriate measures scale are mean, standard deviation, and
variance.
Stress
How often Does R find work stressful
N
Valid
932
Missing
0
Mean
2.78
Median
3.00
Mode
3
Std. Deviation
.929
Variance

8. .863
Since the measuring scale for stress variable is ordinal, both
variance and standard deviation are out of scope(Daniel, &
Cross, 2018). The median value of 3 means that 50% or half of
the respondents sometimes find their work stressful. Whereas
the mode value of 3 implies that the most common category is
“sometimes", in other words, it means that majority of the
respondents express their idea that they sometimes feel stressful
at work.
Job description
Job satisfaction
N
Valid
294
Missing
0
Mean
1.78
Median
2.00
Mode
2
Std. Deviation
.773
Variance
.598
The measuring scale for job satisfaction is ordinal; therefore
both variance and standard deviation are out of scope. The
median value of 2 means that more than 50% of the respondents
indicate that they are satisfied. Whereas the mode value of 2
implies that many people are moderately satisfied.

9. (G) Recoding ( /10 pts)
Choose one of your variables to recode. If you have an
interval/ratio variable, you may recode it into an ordinal
variable. If you have two nominal/ordinal variables, recode the
one with the most categories into fewer categories.
Stress variable
SPSS Syntax
GET
FILE='D:JobStress1.SAV'.
DATASET NAME DataSet1 WINDOW=FRONT.
USE ALL.
FILTER BY STRESS.
EXECUTE.
RECODE STRESS (Lowest thru 2=1) (4 thru Highest=3) (2.1
thru 3.9=2) INTO Rstree.
VARIABLE LABELS Rstree 'rstress'.
EXECUTE.
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=STRESS
/STATISTICS=MEAN MEDIAN MODE
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Frequency table for original variable
How often do you find work stressful
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
ALWAYS
96

10. 10.3
10.3
10.3
OFTEN
207
22.2
22.2
32.5
SOMETIMES
467
50.1
50.1
82.6
HARDLY EVER
130
13.9
13.9
96.6
NEVER
32
3.4
3.4
100.0
Total
932
100.0
100.0

11. Frequency table for the recoded variable
recorded stress
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
Always
303
32.5
32.5
32.5
Sometimes
467
50.1
50.1
82.6
Never
162
17.4
17.4
100.0
Total
932
100.0
100.0

13. References
McKelvey, R. D., & Zavoina, W. 2015). A statistical model for
the analysis of ordinal level dependent variables. Journal of
mathematical sociology, 4(1), 103-120.
Daniel, W. W., & Cross, C. L. (2018). Biostatistics: a
foundation for analysis in the health sciences. Wiley.