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Broadly speaking, the economy consists of households, firms, government, and financial institutions. Name two parts, areas, or types of government that can have influence over the economy Solution Explanation: - Financial policy: Monetary Policy of any government can have major impact on economy of a nation since it has the power to stimulate the economy and change the way economy behave. Financial policies are performing major part in economy and it can make or break economy. How the taxes are levied can majorly impact economy. Financial policies move control the flow of the money and it can inject new money flow in system to revive it. - Fiscal Policy: Another major player in stimulating and impacting economy at it best is fiscal policy. Fiscal policy mainly works to overcome from struggling economy and reduce the inflation in market. Interest rate is popular tool to control the flow money through changing interest rates..

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Explain briefly how a contractionary gap OR an expansionary gap is formed (choose one; cite clearly which of the two you are explaining, and don’t just give a definition of each--say why they are formed). Solution it is a form of fiscal policy in where government spending will be minimize and tax collections are maximized, and it used to correct inflationary problems in a business cycle expansions. the goal of contractionary fiscal policy is to close an inflationary gap, restrain the economy, and decrease the inflation rate. contradictionary fiscal is often supported by contradictionary monetary policy. in general contractionary fiscal policy works in twol different sides of the governent budget, i.e. government spending and tax collections. when the inflation rates are high, then governments have to take some steps to correct the inflation rates..

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How do government policies and/or regulations factor into changes in economic activity on both a domestic and global scale? Give a specific example of a policy or regulation that has helped economic activity. Give a specific example of a policy or regulation that has hindered economic activity. If you were an economist who was tasked with evaluating this policy or regulation, what are some ideas you would suggest for changing it in a way that would achieve the same goal but not hinder economic activity? Finally, state whether or not you enjoy these types of evaluations and if you would consider these types of responsibilities in a future career. Solution Monetary policy is by far the most powerful weapon in the government’s arsenal. Unfortunately, it is also the most imprecise. The government can do some fine control with tax policy to move capital between investments by granting favorable tax status On the whole, governments tend to go for large, sweeping changes by altering the monetary landscape. Governments are the only entities that can legally create their respective currencies. Interest rates are another popular weapon, even though they are often used to counteract inflation. They can spur the economy separately from inflation. Pumping in money feels good for a while, especially for investors who see corporate profits and share prices shooting up, but the long-term impact is an erosion of value across the board. Savings are worth less, punishing savers and bond buyers Government programs provide valuable \"public goods\" such as education and infrastructure. Inreases in government spending can bolster economic growth by putting money into people\'s pockets. I believe the policy of QE (quantiative easing) during times of recession to bring back a shattered economy in place. An automatic reversal will never happen, and it is imperative on the part of government is follow such prudent measures. I would consider these types of responsibilites in a long-term perspective. *****.

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Nessus is a network security tool In a pragraph describe how it is useful to a networksecurityspecialist and how it may be used for harmfulpurposes by a hacker? Note: provide relaiblerefrences for your answer. Solution Nessus: Nessus is a proprietary vulnerability scanner.Nessus was developed by Tenable network security. How it is useful?: It is extremely good for discovering platform and network device vulnerabilities. •It is a good automated tool for finding Mis configuration,default passwords and known vulnerabilities on systems. •Denails of service against the TCP/IP stack by using malforme packets. •It also has some web scanning options that can be configured,different types of ports scanning. •Another useful Nessus opetion is the ability to enable(or) disable testing of embedded web servers that may be adversely affectd, when scanned. •Nessus provides the ability for the user to adjust how Nessus tests each CGI scrit and determine the duration of the tests. •Nessus also provides special features for Webmirroring. How it may be used harmful purposses?: If some one wanted to hack your local network,the first thing they do is run a vulnerability scan then they\'d run a penetration test. •A vulnerability scan digs through the various devices on your network and looks for potential holes,like open port,outdated software with known vulnerabilities.If they find any thing a hacker would exploit them. •Nessus is scan vulnerabilities and shoreup your home network. •Nessus vulnerability scanner is fast and diverse tool that helps any size organization audit their assets for security vulnerabilities. •security center can organize network assets into categories through a combination of network scanning,passive network monitoring and integration with existing asset and network management data tools. •Security Center can manage scans of software under development to defect vulnerabilities,early in the development cycle. •Nessus is used to check the understanding operating system for any vulnerabilities in the operating system application(or) database. •Nessus can be used to check the configuration of the os,application and database. •Nessus can performs a various of Web application audit to test for common aplication vulnerabilities. •Nessus provides special features for Web mirroring,allowing user to specify which part of the website will be crawled(or)not. •Nessus has ability to enable(or)disable testing of embedded web servers that may be adversely affected when scanned. •The pvs can monitor network traffic for encrypted data. •The LCE can be used to monitor any logs generated by software. •LCE can make use of Web and Databse to look for application process and testing..

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Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss two major forms of communication flow. Briefly describe why it is important to know if an organization uses upward communication or downward communication. Your response should be at least 200 words in length. Solution Luthans and Doh explains the importance of communication, they explained the importance of verbal or voral communcation and also non verbal communication. as per them, verbal communication play a vital rloe in transcting onself. they categorized communications styles depending upon the cultural context of the issue. they may be as writen memos, e-mails, messages, paper writen format and so on. organizations can use these styles based on the importance and level of information. if it is more important and secure in nature, they will follow one kind and if it is common and normal message they may go with other. but these tools or methods used to interact with all departments in an organization. the flow of information from higher authority to lower about organization polocies, strategies, objectives, stakeholder inclusion, corporate objectives and so on. in the same way the flow of information from lower level to higher level about, workers requirements, workers problems, personal and professional objectives, request for changes of any organizational strategies, suggestions related to strategies and so on..

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Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the following statements and explain your reasoning: a) Rejean feels that an internal auditor that reports to the chief financial officer of the company can be as independent as an auditor that reports to the audit committee. b) Angela discovered a very material overstatement in the financial statements. She felt the misstatement would have an impact on the decisions of users of the financial statements, and indicated to her audit senior that she would be including it as an “emphasis of matter” paragraph in the audit report. c) An auditor is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. d) An assurance engagement involves evaluation or measurement of subject matter against criteria. Solution a) No, it can create conflict of interest and is not independent relationship as prescrbied best practices for audit committees’ oversight of internal auditors. b) I agree with the statement as per INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON AUDITING 706 , auditor should report misstatement which would have an impact on the decisions of users of the financial statements, as an “emphasis of matter” paragraph in the audit report. c) I disagree as it is the responsibility of the management as per ISA 700 d) I agree, criterial like applicability of laws of land are evaluated and measured..

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Identify any relative maxima or minima and intervals on which the function is decreasing and increasing. Solution Maxima at (x, y) = ( 1, -1) ; we can see graph increases before the point and graph decreases after the point. So, Interval of increase ( -inf , 1) , Interval of decrease (1,5) Relative minima at (x, y) = (5, -10); we can see graph decreases before this point and increase after this point ( 5 , inf).

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How exposure to an argument through mass media may have influenced or not influenced attitude change based on the level of involvement you have applied to your analysis (i.e. central route or peripheral route processing). Provide example if you can, thanks! Solution Ans:- It is often stated that attitudes are comprised of two primary components, namely cognitive and affective behaviour information. The way in which we evaluate something will be influenced by these two factors. ‘Cognition’ refers primarily to the intelligent processing of information. The term can also be used in a broader sense regarding the evaluation of knowledge and may purely describe behaviour in terms of information flow or function (Wikipedia 2006). ‘Affect’ is, however, used as a subordinate construct encompassing emotions and relatively transient moods and feelings (Petty, Cacioppo, Sedikides & Strathman 1988: 357). The amount of mental processing in which a person engages regarding a message varies along a continuum (Petty & Cacioppo 1983: 23). At the core of the ELM is the elaboration continuum. Routes of persuasion and the nature of the processing Whether persuasion occurs through the central or peripheral route is determined by a person’s motivation and ability to think about the issue-relevant information. According to Frederick (1996: 3), the most effective and efficient advertisement emphasises the central route in message delivery, while using the peripheral route only as a reinforcement of the cognitive approach. The central route The central route to persuasion is highly dependent on the persuasive message content and quality (Petty & Cacioppo 1983: 21). The message recipient engages in issue-relevant thinking, characterised by considerable cognitive (mental) elaboration (Perloff 2003: 129). Perloff (2003: 23) points out that people process information centrally, by carefully evaluating message arguments, considering the implications of communication ideas, and relating information to their own knowledge and values. In simple terms, therefore, the central route to persuasion occurs when the attitude of the audience, or individuals, is changed as a result of thoughtful consideration of the message. Elaboration is high when the central route is utilised; in turn, involvement is also high when individuals perceive that an issue is personally relevant and bears directly on their own lives (Perloff 2003: 130). Attitudes that change along the central route persist longer and predict subsequent behaviour. Factors that are part of the central route include prior knowledge of the subject, strength of arguments and actual message content (Frederick 1996: 1). People whose attitudes have been changed centrally are more likely to show attitude behaviour consistency. When people participate in the extensive cognitive elaboration of central processing, they build their own mental arguments and frequently access them, strengthening their attitude; these attitudes are also .

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Explain the kinds of information that must be maintained in fixed asset records during the asset continuance phase. Solution Answer) Here,Fixed assets continuance phase refers to update records accurately throughout their useful life. The information that is maintained is depreciation where different rates and methods may be used for different assets which may be complex job but must be done accurately, any costs that used to updation of asset and qualified for capitalisation, updation of estimated figures like useful life of assets,expected salvage value and keeping track of physical location where the asset is maintained..

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Dr. P has a culture of stem cells and she wants them to specialize into heart muscle cells for treating a patients who suffered a heart attack that weakened his heart muscle. What will she need to do to coax the stem cells into becoming heart muscle cells? A. She will need to add certain chemicals to the culture, stimulating the cells to specialize. B. She will need to expose the cells to human blood. C. She will need to insert the cells into an embryo in the location where the heart would normally develop. D. She will need to zap the culture of cells with electricity, resembling the electrical signals of the heart. E. She will need to insert human heart genes into the nucleus of the stem cells. Solution Question : Dr. P has a culture of stem cells and she wants them to specialize into heart muscle cells for treating a patients who suffered a heart attack that weakened his heart muscle. What will she need to do to coax the stem cells into becoming heart muscle cells? Answer: B. She will need to expose the cells to human blood..

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Differential equations using phase plane analysis. Task 1 (Romeo and Juliet). Let R and J be variables which measure the love/hate that Romeo and Juliet, respectively, have for the other star-erassed lower. We consider their relationship as described by a system of the form The parameters a, b,c, d determine the evalution of their relationship ower time. The signs of the variables a, b determine what kind of lover Romeo is, Of course, the signs of the variables c, d play exactly the same roles for Juliet. For each arrangement of passible signs of a,b explain how Romeo\'s feelings for Juliet change depending on the current state of things. Then make up a descriptive name for the kind of lover Romeo is given those variables. (Remember that these apply to Juliec just as well, so if you would rather, yau may work with J, e, d.) Please remember that the sign of a number is either positive, negative, or zero Explore the different kinds of things that happens when you pair potential Romeos and Juliets. Which kinds of pairs are doomed to terrible fates? Which pairs make for happy coll What interesting things ples? you say? Solution (1) dR/dT = aR+bJ = f(R,J) form here T is time dR/dT = (1)(aR+bJ) dR/(aR+bJ) = dT {let us take J value as constant though it is given as a variable consider nly this equation} integrate on both sides we get 1/a ln(aR+bJ) + k = T similarly in second equation if we take R as constant we get 1/d ln(cR+dJ) + k\' = T we get aR+bJ = e^(a(T-k)) that is an exponential form it comes closer to 0 only when a value is large and negative J value also similarly comes as exponential form e^(d(T-K\')) a(+ve) , b(+ve) love increases ; a(+ve), b(-ve) love increases so much with time a(-ve) , b(+ve) love increases (since in equation -ve on both sides so get cancelled) a(-ve) , b(-ve) love depends on b and J numerical values same thing applies to equation dJ/dT (2) above we can see that in three cases love only increases with time only in 4th case it depends on juliet when he is totally negative for her similarly for juliet only in one case it depends on romeo so we can conclude that love only increases with time and the couple in which love exists at least with one will remain happy.

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Changes in the economy have determined that for the EZ shipping company, a surcharge will be assessed on all packages that meet certain criteria. The surcharge is a function of the characteristics of the package and the zip code to which it is sent. 1. The regular charges for shipping are calculated as follows: For all weights five pounds and under, the shipping cost is $12.00. For weights over five pounds, the charge is calculated as follows: If length * width * height + weight is: greater than 5 and less than or equal to 15, the shipping cost is 14.00 greater than 15 and less than or equal to 34, the shipping cost is 17.00 greater than 34 and less than or equal to 45, the shipping cost is 21.00 greater than 45 and less than or equal to 60, the shipping cost is 33.00 greater than 60, the shipping cost is 105.00 2. The additional charges are calculated as follows: If the first digit of the zip code is a \"4\" then there is an additional surcharge of 5% on the shipping cost. If the first digit of the zip code is a \"6\" then there is an additional surcharge of 9% on the shipping cost. For all other zip codes there is an additional surcharge of 14% on the shipping cost. 3. Finally, if the zip code is even, then there is an additional surcharge of 2% of the shipping cost. Write a program that allows the user to input (in this order) the zip code, weight, length, width and height of the package then prints out the following: The zip code and dimensions of the package The shipping cost The surcharge The total shipping cost (shipping cost plus surcharge(s)) I have written out the code and have been able to get it to run but when I added in the 2% for even numbers portion of my code every thing went weird with my outputs. Every thing still compiles and works but I am not recieving the outputs I desire. Any help remedying this would be greatly appreciated. import java.util.Scanner; //allows use of scanner for keyboard inputs public class Shipping // Class titling { public static void main(String[] args) { { int zip; double weight; double length; double width; double height; double surcharge; double surcharge2; double shippingCost; //Variables that will need defining for the shipping process Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println(\"Hello, Welcome to EZ Shipping services! \ Please input the important details of your shipment when prompted\"); System.out.println(\"What is the weight of your package? \"); weight = keyboard.nextDouble(); System.out.println(\"What is the length of your package? \"); length = keyboard.nextDouble(); System.out.println(\"What is the width of your package? \"); width = keyboard.nextDouble(); System.out.println(\"What is the height of youre package? \"); height = keyboard.nextDouble(); //Print outs for package detail inputs double packages=length*width*height+weight; //Package variables combined and stored { shippingCost = 12; //Stock sipping cost 12$ } if (weight >5) { if (packages >=5.1 || packages <= 1.

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2. July 01 Record the dividend received from the foreign subsidiary. 3. December 31 Record the equity in the net income of the foreign subsidiary. 4. December 31 Record the amortization of the differential. On January 1, 20X5, Pirate Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Ship Inc., a Norwegian company, at a cost of $167,400 Ship\'s net assets on the date of acquisition were 700,000 kroner (NKr). On January 1, 20X5, the book and fair values of the Norwegiarn subsidiary\'s identifiable assets and liabilities approximated their fair values except for property, plant, and equipment and patents acquired. The fair value of Ship\'s property, plant, and equipment exceeded its book value by $18,000. The remaining useful life of Ship\'s equipment at January 1, 20X5, was 10 years. The remainder of the differential was attributable to a patent having an estimated useful life of 5 years. Ship\'s trial balance on December 31, 20X5, in kroner, follows: Debits Credits NKr 160,000 218,000 277,000 609,000 Cash Accounts Receivable (net) Inventory Property, Plant & Equipment Accumulated Depreciatiorn Accounts Payable Notes Payable Common Stock Retained Earnings Sales Cost of Goods Sold Operating Expenses Depreciation Expense Dividends Paid Total NKr 167,000 91,000 209,000 430,000 270,000 745,000 421,000 125,000 61,000 41,000 NKr1,912,000 NKr1,912,000 Solution TotalCash32,000Accounts Receivable43,600Inventory55,400Property, plant, & machinery121,800Cost of Goods Sold84,200Operating expenses25,000Depreciation Expense12,200Dividends Paid8,200Total382,400Total Debits382,400Accumulated Depreciation33,400Accounts Payable18,200Notes Payable41,800Common Stock86,000Retained Earnings54,000Sales149,000 Total382,400.

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You have isolated a new virus, determined it has a lipid envelope, and wish to characterize the mechanism of entry. Discuss the important research questions you would ask and the types of experiments you might use to address the questions. You have isolated a new virus, determined it has a lipid envelope, and wish to characterize the mechanism of entry. Discuss the important research questions you would ask and the types of experiments you might use to address the questions. Solution Answer: (There may be several questions related to the attachment and entry process, a few have been discussed) The first encounter between a virus and a target cell occurs at the plasma membrane. It is here that viruses first engage binding and entry receptors to initiate the infection process. Specific research questions on the mechanism of entry of this virus may be: 1. Adhesion and attachment: While normally non-specific in nature, different glycosphingolipids on the viral surface have been reported to confer cell specificity: the sialyllactose moiety on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) membrane gangliosides, for instance, has been suggested to promote uptake of HIV into mature dendritic cells (mDCs). So, it can be asked whether the mechanism of entry is through specific glycosphingolipids and new roles of these glycosphingolipids? Experiments: Using liposomes to mimic the lipid composition and size of the virus, it can be demonstrate whether gangliosides are the key molecules that mediate liposome uptake. Liposome and VLP (virus like particle) capture assays on cultured cells, confocal microscopy and neuraminidase assay with VLP and LUV (large unilamellar vescicles) can be used for the investigation. 2. Lipid-mediated signalling for entry: Low-density lipoprotein receptors, negatively charged phospholipids and gangliosides have all been shown to assist entry of different viruses. Low-density lipoprotein receptors, also known as cholesterol receptors, are used by several members of the Flaviviridae family, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). The interaction is likely to occur through lipoproteins associated with the virion, such as cholesteryl esters and apolipoproteins (ApoB and ApoE) acquired during the assembly and budding of virus. So, it can be determined whether the LDL receptor acts as a receptor for this new virus and whether the endocytosis of the virus correlated with the level of LDL receptors?. Investigation of endocytosis of the virus by cultured cells in vitro can be demonstrated to have LDL receptors with the use of anti-LDL receptor antibody or DiI-LDL uptake. These cell lines can then be inoculated with a high titer virus positive serum. Intracellular viral RNA then can be detected by using ISH. To determine whether endocytosis of the virus correlated with the level of LDL receptor expression on cells, the well known modulatory effect of lipoproteins on the LDL receptor can be used to increase the number of LDL receptors (up-regulate) on cel.

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Why is agrobacterium tumfaciens useful to Kant biologists? Describe in detail the steps a researcher must take to get the desired DNA to hitch a ride on the back of Agro. Why is agrobacterium tumfaciens useful to Kant biologists? Describe in detail the steps a researcher must take to get the desired DNA to hitch a ride on the back of Agro. Solution Reasons Agrobacterium has a special plasmid called Ti (Tumor inducing) plasmid.It has TDNA (transfer DNA) which has the capability of transferring into the the plant cell and induce tumors. It is naturally attracted towards the wound site by chemicals It can transfer foreign to plants The Vie gene will induce the tumorogenic pathway Method Explants are a small portion of a plant. E.g.: seedling, protocols, leaf disc etc A wound is created in explant and incubated with Agrobacterium and acetosyringone. Acetosyringone is a phenolic product which attracts the Agrobacterium towards the wound. The explant and Agrobacterium are co cultivated and are transferred to a selective medium which contains antibiotic. The presence of antibiotic resistant gene in the Explants will enable the selection and it is transferred to a media which develops the transformed cell to a callus. On adding appropriate plant nutrients, roots and shoots are generated. These are transferred to a pot or field to develop into a adult plant..

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