ually on June 30 and December 31. (FV of $1. PV of $1. FVA of $1. on June 30 No 01, 2018 on 2018 3,984,750 31, 2018 Solution Par value of investment 75000000 Semi annual cash interest 3750000 (75000000*10%*6/12) Annuity factor for 20 period for 6% 11.4699 PV for 20th period 0.3118 Present value of Interest 43012125 Present value of Maturity amount 23385000 Issue price 66397125 Amort Schedule: Date Interest Interest Discount Unamortized Book value Received Revenue Amortized Discount 01.01.18 8602875 66397125 30.06.18 3750000 3983828 233828 8369047 66630953 31.12.18 3750000 3997857 247857 8121190 66878810 Journal entries: Date Accounts title and explanations Debit $ Credit $ 01.01.18 Investment in bonds Dr. 75000000 Cash account 66397125 Discount on bonds investment 8602875 30.06.18 Cash Account Dr. 3750000 Discount on bonds investment Account Dr. 233828 Interest revenue Account 3983828 31.12.18 Cash Account Dr. 3750000 Discount on bonds investment Account Dr. 247857 Interest revenue Account 3997857.

1. Write an informal paper that is exactly 3 pages long not counting the reference page or cover
page. The paper should be on one of the following subjects:
Access to Cable, Broadcast TV, Broad-band Internet, and cellular service in your home county
or country.
Impact of requiring Amazon to collect state sales taxes.
Access to Cable, Broadcast TV, Broad-band Internet, and cellular service in your home county
or country 10 years ago.
What is net neutrality and how does it effect internet services
The papers must be single spaced with double spacing between paragraphs, one inch margins
must be used top, bottom, and sides, a 12 point font must be used, all sources must be referenced,
the paper must be in your own words no copying from the internet. You must work alone on this
paper no group efforts will be accepted. No duplicate, partially duplicate, or near duplicate
papers may be submitted.
Solution
Net Neutrality
Net Neutrality, coined by Tim Wu, a professor of media law in Columbia University in 2003, is
an egalitarian principle that the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) will treat all content,
applications and service equally, and not prioritize or degrade any in relation to others. It is not a
technical principle nor is it about free market.
Internet’s initial architecture was built upon the principle that the carrier pipe will be completely
dumb, with no capacity to discriminate among the bytes passing over it. All intelligence was at
the periphery – in the end devices which collated the bytes into intelligible patterns. But for a
long time now, considerable intelligence has been built into the network, by which it is able to
discriminate between bytes for many purposes, especially traffic management, to ensure good
internet experience to users. As long as such discriminations are not done for commercial
consideration, whether to favor an ISP’s own offerings or that of their commercial partners is not
considered a violation of net neutrality.
Why Net Neutrality is being favored?
A lot of people like to present net neutrality as upholding the free market. Their position is that
the market should be allowed to choose which internet content/application/service will succeed
and which will not. It also gets defined as the right of a user (or consumer) to access and use any
content, application or service of her choice. Real net neutrality is difficult to defend in the name
of the free market and consumer choice alone. Much more than free choice, net neutrality is

2. about equal opportunity. Just as the common school system is a way to ensure a certain equality
of opportunity for all children, net neutrality can be understood basically as an attempt to provide
equal opportunity to various social actors and activities that employ the internet for many
different purposes. This certainly includes start-up internet companies, and since they certainly
are not among the most oppressed classes of people, their case for equal opportunity is promoted
in the name of ensuring innovation.
A much better basis for net neutrality than free market ideals is the “common carriage” principle
which comes from the telecom regulation. It has precedence in many areas of transport, roads
and bridges, and postal services. As per this principle, a carrier service represents a public utility,
and has to be equally available to all possible “traffic” over it, in a non-discriminatory manner.
Recently, the US regulator had to reclassify the internet as a telecommunication service from its
earlier status of an information service, to be able to apply the common carriage principle to it.
Impact of net neutrality on internet services
Impact on Telecom Service Providers (TSPs)/Internet Service Provider (ISPs)–
Positive:
Negative:
Impact on Traffic Management –
Impact on content providers –
Impact on Small and Medium Businesses –
Impact on Cloud Computing -