Forms of infertility in domestic male animals

1. Course: Andrology and Male infertility
Lecture 6: Male infertility
Dr. Farooz Ahmad Lone (Ph.D Gold Medalist)
Assistant Professor
Animal Reproduction

2. Male infertility
Forms of infertility
• Impotentia coeundi is the reduced to complete lack of sexual desire
and ability of male to copulate.
• Impotentia generandi is defined as the inability or reduced ability
of a male to fertilize after normal service.
Impotentia coeundi (causes)
• Lack of libido
• Failure of erection
• Diseases of joints, muscles, nerve, bone, and tendons
“In young bulls that are more enthusiastic for mating, the
lumbo-dorsal fascia may rupture, producing the so-called
condition of ‘honeymoon back’.”
“Spastic syndromes (progressive hind limb paralysis)”

3. • Tumour of the penis and prepuce
“Squamous cell carcinoma of horses, fibro-papilloma of
bulls and transmissible venereal tumour TVT) of dogs.”
[TVT is also called infectious sarcoma, venereal granuloma,
transmissible lympho-sarcoma or Sticker tumor]
• Diseases of the penis and prepuces
 Rupture of the corpus cavernosum penis (broken penis)-
common in bulls
 Persistence of the penile frenulum: During erection,
ventral bending of the penis occur in affected animals.

4.  Deviation of the penis (Phallocampsis)
 Spiral or corkscrew (slipping of apical ligament, counter
clockwise, common in bull)
 Ventral or rainbow deviation (ligament is thin and stretched)
 S-shaped deviation (short apical ligament with long penis)
“Fascia lata implant technique is used for repair of both spiral and
ventral penile deviation”
Balanoposthitis
• Balanoposthitis is an inflammation of the glans penis and the
prepuce. It is common in the dog, bull and ram, occasional in the
stallion, and rare in the boar and cat.

5.  Pizzle rot, Phimosis, Paraphimosis, Diphallus, Priapism
 Hypospadias and epispadias
Impotentia generandi
With apparently normal semen
a) Inherited sperm defects
• Diadem defect, Knobbed sperm, Enzymatic disturbances
• Chromosomal defects
b) Infectious diseases
With apparently abnormal semen
Cryptorchidism, Inguinal hernia, Imperfect testicular descent,
Testicular hypoplasia, Testicular degeneration, Testicular fibrosis,
Testicular neoplasm, Epididymitis, Spermiostasis, Segmental aplasia,
Pathology of accessory glands, Congenital defects, Scrotal torsion,
Orchitis, Testicular calcification

6. Balanoposthitis
• Balanoposthitis is an inflammation of the glans penis and the
prepuce. It is common in the dog, bull and ram, occasional in the
stallion, and rare in the boar and cat
• IBR–IPV
Q. No. 11: The most serious cause of balanoposthitis in the stallion is:
• Dourine (Trypanosoma equiperdum)
• Surra (T. Evansi)
• Contagious equine metritis
• Equine coital exanthema

7. Pizzle rot
• Pizzle rot or ulcerative posthitis is principally a disease of sheep
but occasionally is seen in goats and cattle.
 high-protein diet & Corynebacterium renale
• Phimosis is the inability to protrude the penis beyond the preputial
orifice.
• Paraphimosis occurs when the penis protrudes from the preputial
sheath and cannot be replaced to its normal position. The condition
is most common in the dog and the stallion.
• Most male tortoiseshell cats are infertile. Male tortoiseshell cats
with the chromosome complement of 39, XXY are infertile because
the extra X chromosome in spermatogonia blocks spermatogenesis
and such animals are known as Klinefelter cats.

8. • Scrotal circumference measurement of less than 30 cm in post
pubertal bull has been considered for testicular hypoplasia in the
bull.
Species Difference between X and Y DNA
• Cattle 3.8%
• Sheep 4.2%
• Pig 3.6%
• Dog 3.9%
• Horse 4.1%
• Rabbit 3.0%
• Human 2.9%

9. Thank you very much!
• For any clarification and doubt, kindly
contact me at dr.farooz462@gmail.com