Factors responsible for Child Labor

1. Statistics presentation:
Presented To
Dr. Zafar Zaheer
Presented by:
Javeed Ali Khan
Farhan Ullah Shah

2. Topic
Factors responsible
for
Child Labor

3. Introduction
Work that inhibits their full physical
growth
Exploits child mentally physically and
ethically and puts him away from
education & other basic necessities of
life.
Both in developed and developing
countries.
Age restriction for child labor is 15
years in developed countries and 14 in
developing countries.

4. Cont…….
350 million below age 14 to 15 (2004)
Both in formal and formal sectors all over
the world
Majority in agricultural sector
Started in 18th century during the
industrial revaluation
Asia (53%) Africa (30%) Latin America
(7%)

5. Child labor in Pakistan
In Pakistan we observed that from
long span of time the percentage
of child labor
increases a lot. Above 40% of
child labor working in manufacturing
sectors.
Children’s do work because to
support their families which are
living under thedominance of
poverty . Many NGO’S are fighting
against child labor but still child
labor exist in Pakistan

6. Cont…
According to unofficial estimates,
during
2004–05, 8–10 million children in
Pakistan
were employed in various sectors.
Officially, 3.5 million children were
acknowledged to be a part of the labor
force.

7. Need of Study
The issue of child labor is a very
serious problem in Pakistan.
It inhibits child from basic necessities
of life
This research will contribute in
reducing child labor
Creating awareness to the families to
give education to the child in society

8. Objective of Study
The main purpose of the study was to
find out the factors which are
responsible for child labor
Giving suggestions to reduce child
labor and promoting education in
relevant area.

9. Significance of the Study
Benefit for local
authoruty,NGOs,educational
departments, affected families and
community to reduce the problem.

10. Area of study
Peshawar is the area of the study.
Most of children are working here in
different fields like
shops,workshops,resturants etc

11. Selection of respondent
Selected from area where people are
poor and working class.
Where child labor issue is high.
Respondent were selected randomly
from different sectors

12. Methodology
The method used in this study is
totally qualitative
Identify the reasons that result in
increase in child labor and take away
child from school
Primarily data was collected through
questionnaire

13. Cont..
Data was collected through interviews
and focused group discussion(FGD)
It is interpreted through different
statistical diagrams and tables to
analyzed using percentages and
frequencies
Secondary data was collected from
research papers, books, articles and
internet

14. Sampling size and techniques
Child labor that are at age of 6 to 15
The sample size is 35
 children who are selected randomly.

15. Area of study
Child labor is prevailing all over KPK
but the ratio of poor people is high in
board bazaar therefore it is selected
as an area of study
Most of child labor is in sectors i.e.
shops small tea restaurants
workshops in the study area

16. variables
dependent variable is child labor
Independent variables are age,
gender, parental status, size of family,
nature of work, education level of
parents, education of child and reason
for working

17. statistics

18. Age
what is your age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 5 to 9 14 40.0 40.0 40.0
10 to 14 16 45.7 45.7 85.7
15 to 17 5 14.3 14.3 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

19. gender
gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid male 27 77.1 77.1 77.1
FEMALE 8 22.9 22.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

20. Size of family
Size of family
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 5 to 7 6 17.1 17.1 17.1
8 to 10 22 62.9 62.9 80.0
more than 10 7 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

21. What kind of work done by
child
nature of the work
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid waiter 10 28.6 28.6 28.6
helper at shop 16 45.7 45.7 74.3
workshop 4 11.4 11.4 85.7
selling cheap item in street 5 14.3 14.3 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

22. Family status
Family status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid average 12 34.3 34.3 34.3
poor 15 42.9 42.9 77.1
below poverty line 8 22.9 22.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

23. Education of parents
education level
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid illiterate 25 71.4 71.4 71.4
primary 7 20.0 20.0 91.4
metric 3 8.6 8.6 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

24. Education of working children
education of child
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid illiterate 19 54.3 54.3 54.3
primary 16 45.7 45.7 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

25. Income of household per
month
income of household per month
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid below 5000 17 48.6 48.6 48.6
6000 to 9000 13 37.1 37.1 85.7
10000 to 15000 5 14.3 14.3 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

26. Reason for work
Reason of work
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid help family 20 57.1 57.1 57.1
learning skill 15 42.9 42.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

27. Parental status
parental status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid both alive 35 100.0 100.0 100.0

28. Father’s occupation
father occupation
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid driver 10 28.6 28.6 28.6
mechanic 3 8.6 8.6 37.1
labour 22 62.9 62.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

29. Wages given to child per
month
wages given to children per month
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid below 1000 14 40.0 40.0 40.0
1100 to 1500 17 48.6 48.6 88.6
1600 to 2000 4 11.4 11.4 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0

30. conclusion
The major factors which contribute
toward child labor is unemployment of
parents.
Lack of education is 2nd important factor.
The basic reason of child labor is parent
lack of interest in education
Law and order situation in Peshawar
Economical conditions of area
 over population is also main cause for
child labor

31. Cont…
Class discrimination is a reason for child
labor
Education of child
Parents education
Family status
Family income

32. Recommendation
The government should provide income
generating activities in the area.
Government should take measures to
control the high birth rate ,family
planning should be widely introduced in
the area.
illiteracy ranks second to poverty so free
education should be provided in the area
to over come this issue.
The role of NGOs is also important they
should conduct seminars regarding
negative effects of child labor.

33. Objectives versus Outcomes
The main objectives discussed earlier
were to indentify the factors responsible
for child labor so we indentify these
factors .
The second objective was to give
recommendations to relevant authorities
which are responsible for child labor.
Recommendations were given to
government, NGOs ,Parents, and local
authorities to diminish child labor form
our society.

34. Criticism
The statistical tool used in this
research is only frequency distribution
He collected data only from urban
area and generalize it on whole kpk
which include both rural and urban
areas
The situation in rural areas are
different from those in urban areas.

35. Cont….
Few conclusions were not actually
covered in research, e.g.
(Law and order situation in Peshawar,
Economical conditions of area, Class
discrimination is a reason for child
labor),
but these were included in conclusion
part
Very small sample size and not
representative sample size.